{"product_id":"theory-and-practice-of-aircraft-performance-hardback-9781119074175","title":"Theory and Practice of Aircraft Performance (Hardback) 9781119074175","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eTheory and Practice of Aircraft Performance\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eAjoy Kumar Kundu (Author), Mark A. Price (Author), David Riordan (Author), Peter Belobaba (Author), Jonathan Cooper (Author), Allan Seabridge (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9781119074175, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 30 September 2016\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e704 pages\u003cbr\u003e24.6 x 17.8 x 3.8 cm, 1.315 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTextbook introducing the fundamentals of aircraft performance using industry standards and examples: bridging the gap between academia and industry\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides an extensive and detailed treatment of all segments of mission profile and overall aircraft performance\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eConsiders operating costs, safety, environmental and related systems issues\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes worked examples relating to current aircraft (Learjet 45, Tucano Turboprop Trainer, Advanced Jet Trainer and Airbus A320 types of aircraft)\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSuitable as a textbook for aircraft performance courses\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeries Preface xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoad Map of the Book xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xxvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature xxxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Overview 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Brief Historical Background 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Flight in Mythology 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Fifteenth to Nineteenth Centuries 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 From 1900 to World War I (1914) 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 World War I (1914–1918) 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5 The Inter‐War Period: the Golden Age (1918–1939) 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.6 World War II (1939–1945) 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.7 Post World War II 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Current Aircraft Design Status 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Current Civil Aircraft Trends 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Current Military Aircraft Trends 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Future Trends 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Trends in Civil Aircraft 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Trends in Military Aircraft 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Forces and Drivers 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Airworthiness Requirements 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Current Aircraft Performance Analyses Levels 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Market Survey 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Typical Design Process 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.1 Four Phases of Aircraft Design 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Classroom Learning Process 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Cost Implications 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11 Units and Dimensions 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.12 Use of Semi‐empirical Relations and Graphs 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.13 How Do Aircraft Fly? 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.13.1 Classification of Flight Mechanics 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.14 Anatomy of Aircraft 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.14.1 Comparison between Civil and Military Design Requirements 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.15 Aircraft Motion and Forces 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.15.1 Motion – Kinematics 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.15.2 Forces – Kinetics 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.15.3 Aerodynamic Parameters – Lift, Drag and Pitching Moment 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.15.4 Basic Controls – Sign Convention 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Aerodynamic and Aircraft Design Considerations 37\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Overview 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Introduction 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Atmosphere 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Hydrostatic Equations and Standard Atmosphere 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Non‐standard\/Off‐standard Atmosphere 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Altitude Definitions – Density Altitude (Off‐standard) 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Humidity Effects 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 Greenhouse Gases Effect 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Airflow Behaviour: Laminar and Turbulent 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Flow Past an Aerofoil 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Aerofoil 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Subsonic Aerofoil 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Supersonic Aerofoil 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Generation of Lift 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Centre of Pressure and Aerodynamic Centre 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Relation between Centre of Pressure and Aerodynamic Centre 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Types of Stall 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Buffet 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Comparison of Three NACA Aerofoils 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 High‐Lift Devices 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Transonic Effects – Area Rule 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1 Compressibility Correction 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Wing Aerodynamics 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11.1 Induced Drag and Total Aircraft Drag 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 Aspect Ratio Correction of 2D‐Aerofoil Characteristics for 3D‐Finite Wing 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13 Wing Definitions 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13.1 Planform Area, S W 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13.2 Wing Aspect Ratio 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13.3 Wing‐Sweep Angle 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13.4 Wing Root (c root) and Tip (c tip) Chords 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13.5 Wing‐Taper Ratio, λ 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13.6 Wing Twist 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13.7 High\/Low Wing 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13.8 Dihedral\/Anhedral Angles 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14 Mean Aerodynamic Chord 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.15 Compressibility Effect: Wing Sweep 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.16 Wing‐Stall Pattern and Wing Twist 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17 Influence of Wing Area and Span on Aerodynamics 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17.1 The Square‐Cube Law 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17.2 Aircraft Wetted Area (A W) versus Wing Planform Area (S W)89 2.17.3 Additional Wing Surface Vortex Lift – Strake\/Canard 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17.4 Additional Surfaces on Wing – Flaps\/Slats and High‐Lift Devices 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17.5 Other Additional Surfaces on Wing 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.18 Empennage 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.18.1 Tail‐arm 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.18.2 Horizontal Tail (H‐Tail) 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.18.3 Vertical Tail (V‐Tail) 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.18.4 Tail‐Volume Coefficients 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19 Fuselage 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19.1 Fuselage Axis\/Zero‐Reference Plane 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19.2 Fuselage Length, L fus 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19.3 Fineness Ratio, FR 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19.4 Fuselage Upsweep Angle 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19.5 Fuselage Closure Angle 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19.6 Front Fuselage Closure Length, L f 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19.7 Aft Fuselage Closure Length, L a 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19.8 Mid‐Fuselage Constant Cross‐Section length, l m 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19.9 Fuselage Height, H 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19.10 Fuselage Width, W 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19.11 Average Diameter, D ave 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20 Nacelle and Intake 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20.1 Large Commercial\/Military Logistic and Old Bombers Nacelle Group 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20.2 Small Civil Aircraft Nacelle Position 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20.3 Intake\/Nacelle Group (Military Aircraft) 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20.4 Futuristic Aircraft Nacelle Positions 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.21 Speed Brakes and Dive Brakes 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Air Data Measuring Instruments, Systems and Parameters 109\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Overview 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Introduction 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Aircraft Speed 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Definitions Related to Aircraft Velocity 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Theory Related to Computing Aircraft Velocity 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Aircraft Speed in Flight Deck Instruments 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Atmosphere with Wind Speed (Non‐zero Wind) 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 Calibrated Airspeed 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.6 Compressibility Correction (∆V c ) 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.7 Other Position Error Corrections 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Air Data Instruments 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Altitude Measurement – Altimeter 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Airspeed Measuring Instrument – Pitot‐Static Tube 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Angle‐of‐Attack Probe 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Vertical Speed Indicator 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5 Temperature Measurement 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.6 Turn‐Slip Indicator 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Aircraft Flight‐Deck (Cockpit) Layout 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Multifunctional Displays and Electronic Flight Information Systems 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Combat Aircraft Flight Deck 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Head‐Up Display (HUD) 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Aircraft Mass (Weights) and Centre of Gravity 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Aircraft Mass (Weights) Breakdown 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Desirable CG Position 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 Weights Summary – Civil Aircraft 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4 CG Determination – Civil Aircraft 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.5 Bizjet Aircraft CG Location – Classroom Example 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.6 Weights Summary – Military Aircraft 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.7 CG Determination – Military Aircraft 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.8 Classroom Worked Example – Military AJT CG Location 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Noise Emissions 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 Airworthiness Requirements 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 Summary 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Engine‐Exhaust Emissions 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Aircraft Systems 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.1 Aircraft Control System 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.2 ECS: Cabin Pressurization and Air‐Conditioning 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.3 Oxygen Supply 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.4 Anti‐icing, De‐icing, Defogging and Rain Removal System 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Low Observable (LO) Aircraft Configuration 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.1 Heat Signature 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.2 Radar Signature 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Equations of Motion for a Flat Stationary Earth 153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Overview 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Introduction 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Definitions of Frames of Reference (Flat Stationary E arth) and Nomenclature Used 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Notation and Symbols Used in this Chapter 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Eulerian Angles 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Transformation of Eulerian Angles 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Simplified Equations of Motion for a Flat Stationary Earth 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Important Aerodynamic Angles 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 In Pitch Plane (Vertical XZ Plane) 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 In Yaw Plane (Horizontal Plane) – Coordinated Turn 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 In Pitch‐Yaw Plane – Coordinated Climb‐Turn (Helical Trajectory) 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.5 Discussion on Turn 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Aircraft Load 169\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Overview 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Introduction 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Buffet 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Flutter 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Flight Manoeuvres 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Pitch Plane (X‐Z) Manoeuvre 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Roll Plane (Y‐Z) Manoeuvre 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Yaw Plane (Y‐X) Manoeuvre 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Aircraft Loads 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Theory and Definitions 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Load Factor, n 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Limits – Loads and Speeds 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Maximum Limit of Load Factor 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 V‐n Diagram174 5.7.1 Speed Limits 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 Extreme Points of the V‐n Diagram 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.3 Low Speed Limit 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.4 Manoeuvre Envelope Construction 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.5 High Speed Limit 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Gust Envelope 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.1 Gust Load Equations 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.2 Gust Envelope Construction 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Stability Considerations Affecting Aircraft Performance 185\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Overview 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Introduction 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Static and Dynamic Stability 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Longitudinal Stability – Pitch Plane (Pitch Moment, M)188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Directional Stability – Yaw Plane (Yaw Moment, N)188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Lateral Stability – Roll Plane (Roll Moment, L)189 6.4 Theory 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Pitch Plane 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Yaw Plane 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Roll Plane 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Current Statistical Trends for Horizontal and Vertical Tail Coefficients197 6.6 Inherent Aircraft Motions as Characteristics of Design 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Short‐Period Oscillation and Phugoid Motion 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Directional\/Lateral Modes of Motion 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Spinning 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Summary of Design Considerations for Stability 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.1 Civil Aircraft 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.2 Military Aircraft – Non‐linear Effects 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.3 Active Control Technology (ACT) – Fly‐by‐Wire 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Aircraft Power Plant and Integration 209\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Overview 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Background 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Definitions 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Air‐Breathing Aircraft Engine Types 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Simple Straight‐through Turbojets 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Turbofan – Bypass Engine 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Afterburner Jet Engines 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Turboprop Engines 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.5 Piston Engines 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Simplified Representation of Gas Turbine (Brayton\/Joule) Cycle 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Formulation\/Theory – Isentropic Case 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Simple Straight‐through Turbojets 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Bypass Turbofan Engines 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.3 Afterburner Jet Engines 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.4 Turboprop Engines 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Engine Integration to Aircraft – Installation Effects 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Subsonic Civil Aircraft Nacelle and Engine Installation 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 Turboprop Integration to Aircraft 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.3 Combat Aircraft Engine Installation 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Intake\/Nozzle Design 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.1 Civil Aircraft Intake Design 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.2 Military Aircraft Intake Design 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Exhaust Nozzle and Thrust Reverser 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.1 Civil Aircraft Exhaust Nozzles 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.2 Military Aircraft TR Application and Exhaust Nozzles 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Propeller 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.1 Propeller‐Related Definitions 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.2 Propeller Theory 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.3 Propeller Performance – Practical Engineering Applications 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.4 Propeller Performance – Three‐ to Four‐Bladed 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Aircraft Power Plant Performance 247\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Overview 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Introduction 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Engine Performance Ratings 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Turbofan Engine Parameters 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Uninstalled Turbofan Engine Performance Data – Civil Aircraft 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Turbofans with BPR around 4 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Turbofans with BPR around 5–6 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Uninstalled Turbofan Engine Performance Data – Military Aircraft 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Uninstalled Turboprop Engine Performance Data 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Typical Turboprop Performance 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Installed Engine Performance Data of Matched Engines to Coursework Aircraft 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Turbofan Engine (Smaller Engines for Bizjets – BPR ≈ 4)257 8.6.2 Turbofans with BPR around 5–6 (Larger Jets) 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.3 Military Turbofan (Very Low BPR)260 8.7 Installed Turboprop Performance Data 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.1 Typical Turboprop Performance 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.2 Propeller Performance – Worked Example 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Piston Engine 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Engine Performance Grid 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9.1 Installed Maximum Climb Rating (TFE 731‐20 Class Turbofan) 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9.2 Maximum Cruise Rating (TFE731‐20 Class Turbofan) 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Some Turbofan Data 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Aircraft Drag 275\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Overview 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Introduction 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Parasite Drag Definition 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Aircraft Drag Breakdown (Subsonic) 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Aircraft Drag Formulation 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Aircraft Drag Estimation Methodology 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Minimum Parasite Drag Estimation Methodology 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.1 Geometric Parameters, Reynolds Number and Basic C F Determination 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.2 Computation of Wetted Area 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.3 Stepwise Approach to Computing Minimum Parasite Drag 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Semi‐Empirical Relations to Estimate Aircraft Component Parasite Drag 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.1 Fuselage 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.2 Wing, Empennage, Pylons and Winglets 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.3 Nacelle Drag 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.4 Excrescence Drag 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.5 Miscellaneous Parasite Drags 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Notes on Excrescence Drag Resulting from Surface Imperfections 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Minimum Parasite Drag 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.11 ΔCDp Estimation 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.12 Subsonic Wave Drag 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.13 Total Aircraft Drag 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14 Low‐Speed Aircraft Drag at Takeoff and Landing 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14.1 High‐Lift Device Drag 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14.2 Dive Brakes and Spoilers Drag 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14.3 Undercarriage Drag 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14.4 One‐Engine Inoperative Drag 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.15 Propeller‐Driven Aircraft Drag 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.16 Military Aircraft Drag 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.17 Supersonic Drag 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.18 Coursework Example – Civil Bizjet Aircraft 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.18.1 Geometric and Performance Data 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.18.2 Computation of Wetted Areas, Re and Basic C F 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.18.3 Computation of 3D and Other Effects 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.18.4 Summary of Parasite Drag 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.18.5 ΔC Dp\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimation 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.18.6 Induced Drag 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.18.7 Total Aircraft Drag at LRC 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.19 Classroom Example – Subsonic Military Aircraft (Advanced Jet Trainer) 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.19.1 AJT Specifications 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.19.2 CAS Variant Specifications 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.19.3 Weights 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.19.4 AJT Details 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.20 Classroom Example – Turboprop Trainer 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.20.1 TPT Specification 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.20.2 TPT Details 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.20.3 Component Parasite Drag Estimation 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.21 Classroom Example – Supersonic Military Aircraft 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.21.1 Geometric and Performance Data for the Vigilante RA‐C5 Aircraft 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.21.2 Computation of Wetted Areas, Re and Basic C F 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.21.3 Computation of 3D and Other Effects to Estimate Component C Dpmin 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.21.4 Summary of Parasite Drag 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimation 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.21.6 Induced Drag 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.21.7 Supersonic Drag Estimation 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.21.8 Total Aircraft Drag 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.22 Drag Comparison 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.23 Some Concluding Remarks and Reference Figures 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Fundamentals of Mission Profile, Drag Polar and Aeroplane Grid 339\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Overview 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Introduction 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Evolution in Aircraft Performance Capabilities 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Levels of Aircraft Performance Analyses 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Civil Aircraft Mission (Payload–Range) 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Civil Aircraft Classification and Mission Segments 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Military Aircraft Mission 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Military Aircraft Performance Segments 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Aircraft Flight Envelope 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Understanding Drag Polar 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Actual Drag Polar 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Parabolic Drag Polar 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3 Comparison between Actual and Parabolic Drag Polar 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Properties of Parabolic Drag Polar 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 The Maximum and Minimum Conditions Applicable to Parabolic Drag Polar 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.2 Propeller‐Driven Aircraft 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Classwork Examples of Parabolic Drag Polar 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.1 Bizjet Market Specifications 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.2 Turboprop Trainer Specifications 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.3 Advanced Jet Trainer Specifications 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.4 Comparison of Drag Polars 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Bizjet Actual Drag Polar 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.1 Comparing Actual with Parabolic Drag Polar 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.2 (Lift\/Drag) and (Mach × Lift\/Drag) Ratios 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.3 Velocity at Minimum (D\/V) 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.4 (Lift\/Drag) max , C L @ (L\/D)max and V Dmin 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.5 Turboprop Trainer (TPT) Example – Parabolic Drag Polar 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.6 TPT (Lift\/Drag) max , C L@(L\/D)max and V Dmin 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.7 TPT (ESHP) min_reqd and V Pmin 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.8 Summary for TPT 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Aircraft and Engine Grid 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.1 Aircraft and Engine Grid (Jet Aircraft) 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.2 Classwork Example – Bizjet Aircraft and Engine Grid 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.3 Aircraft and Engine Grid (Turboprop Trainer) 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Takeoff and Landing 379\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Overview 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Introduction 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Airfield Definitions 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Stopway (SWY) and Clearway (CWY) 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Available Airfield Definitions 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Actual Field Length Definitions 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Generalized Takeoff Equations of Motion 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Ground Run Distance 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Time Taken for the Ground Run S G 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Flare Distance and Time Taken from V R to V 2 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.4 Ground Effect 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Friction – Wheel Rolling and Braking Friction Coefficients 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Civil Transport Aircraft Takeoff 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.1 Civil Aircraft Takeoff Segments 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.2 Balanced Field Length (BFL) – Civil Aircraft 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.3 Flare to 35 ft Height (Average Speed Method) 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Worked Example – Bizjet 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.1 All‐Engine Takeoff 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.2 Flare from V R to V 2 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.3 Balanced Field Takeoff – One Engine Inoperative 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Takeoff Presentation 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.1 Weight, Altitude and Temperature Limits 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Military Aircraft Takeoff 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Checking Takeoff Field Length (AJT)406 11.10.1 AJT Aircraft and Aerodynamic Data 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10.2 Takeoff with 8° Flap 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11 Civil Transport Aircraft Landing 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11.1 Airfield Definitions 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11.2 Landing Performance Equations 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11.3 Landing Field Length for the Bizjet 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11.4 Landing Field Length for the AJT 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.12 Landing Presentation 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.13 Approach Climb and Landing Climb 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.14 Fuel Jettisoning 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Climb and Descent Performance 419\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Overview 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Introduction 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Cabin Pressurization 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Aircraft Ceiling 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Climb Performance 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Climb Performance Equations of Motion 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Accelerated Climb 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Constant EAS Climb 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.4 Constant Mach Climb 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.5 Unaccelerated Climb 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Other Ways to Climb (Point Performance) – Civil Aircraft 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Maximum Rate of Climb and Maximum Climb Gradient 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Steepest Climb 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Economic Climb at Constant EAS 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 Discussion on Climb Performance 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Classwork Example – Climb Performance (Bizjet) 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 Takeoff Segments Climb Performance (Bizjet) 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 En‐Route Climb Performance (Bizjet) 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3 Bizjet Climb Schedule 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Hodograph Plot 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.1 Aircraft Ceiling 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Worked Example – Bizjet 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.1 Bizjet Climb Rate at Normal Climb Speed Schedule 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.2 Rate of Climb Performance versus Altitude 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.3 Bizjet Ceiling 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Integrated Climb Performance – Computational Methodology 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.1 Worked Example – Initial En‐Route Rate of Climb (Bizjet) 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.2 Integrated Climb Performance (Bizjet) 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.3 Turboprop Trainer Aircraft (TPT) 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Specific Excess Power (SEP) – High‐Energy Climb 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.1 Specific Excess Power Characteristics 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.2 Worked Example of SEP Characteristics (Bizjet) 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.3 Example of AJT 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.4 Supersonic Aircraft 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 Descent Performance 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.1 Glide 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.2 Descent Properties 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.3 Selection of Descent Speed 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11 Worked Example – Descent Performance (Bizjet) 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.1 Limitation of Maximum Descent Rate 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Cruise Performance and Endurance 463\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Overview 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Introduction 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Definitions 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Equations of Motion for the Cruise Segment 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Cruise Equations 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Propeller‐Driven Aircraft Cruise Equations 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Jet Engine Aircraft Cruise Equations 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Specific Range 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Worked Example (Bizjet) 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1 Aircraft and Engine Grid at Cruise Rating 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.2 Specific Range Using Actual Drag Polar 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.3 Specific Range and Range Factor 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Endurance Equations 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.1 Propeller‐Driven (Turboprop) Aircraft 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.2 Turbofan Powered Aircraft 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Options for Cruise Segment (Turbofan Only) 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 Initial Maximum Cruise Speed (Bizjet) 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10 Worked Example of AJT – Military Aircraft 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10.1 To Compute the AJT Fuel Requirement 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10.2 To Check Maximum Speed 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Aircraft Mission Profile 491\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Overview 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Introduction 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Payload‐Range Capability 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Reserve Fuel 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 The Bizjet Payload‐Range Capability 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Long‐Range Cruise (LRC) at Constant Altitude 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 High‐Speed Cruise (HSC) at Constant Altitude and Speed 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3 Discussion on Cruise Segment 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Endurance (Bizjet) 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Effect of Wind on Aircraft Mission Performance 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Engine Inoperative Situation at Climb and Cruise – Drift‐Down Procedure 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.1 Engine Inoperative Situation at Climb 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.2 Engine Inoperative Situation at Cruise (Figure 14.5)504 14.7.3 Point of No‐Return and Equal Time Point 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.4 Engine Data 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.5 Drift‐Down in Cruise 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Military Missions 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8.1 Military Training Mission Profile – Advanced Jet Trainer (AJT) 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9 Flight Planning by the Operators 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Manoeuvre Performance 509\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Overview 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Introduction 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Aircraft Turn 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 In Horizontal (Yaw) Plane – Sustained Coordinated Turn 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Maximum Conditions for Turn in Horizontal Plane 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 Minimum Radius of Turn in Horizontal Plane 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.4 Turning in Vertical (Pitch) Plane 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.5 In Pitch‐Yaw Plane – Climbing Turn in Helical Path 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Classwork Example – AJT 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Aerobatics Manoeuvre 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.1 Lazy‐8 in Horizontal Plane 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.2 Chandelle 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.3 Slow Roll 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.4 Hesitation Roll 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.5 Barrel Roll 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.6 Loop in Vertical Plane 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.7 Immelmann – Roll at the Top in the Vertical Plane 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.8 Stall Turn in Vertical Plane 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.9 Cuban‐Eight in Vertical Plane 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.10 Pugachev’s Cobra Movement 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Combat Manoeuvre 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6.1 Basic Fighter Manoeuvre 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Discussion on Turn 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Aircraft Sizing and Engine Matching 533\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Overview 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Introduction 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Theory 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1 Sizing for Takeoff Field Length – Two Engines 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.2 Sizing for the Initial Rate of Climb (All Engines Operating) 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.3 Sizing to Meet Initial Cruise 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.4 Sizing for Landing Distance 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Coursework Exercises: Civil Aircraft Design (Bizjet) 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.1 Takeoff 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.2 Initial Climb 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.3 Cruise 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.4 Landing 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Sizing Analysis: Civil Aircraft (Bizjet) 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.1 Variants in the Family of Aircraft Design 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.2 Example: Civil Aircraft 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Classroom Exercise – Military Aircraft (AJT) 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.1 Takeoff 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.2 Initial Climb 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.3 Cruise 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.4 Landing 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.5 Sizing for Turn Requirement of 4 g at Sea‐Level 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Sizing Analysis – Military Aircraft 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7.1 Single Seat Variants 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 Aircraft Sizing Studies and Sensitivity Analyses 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8.1 Civil Aircraft Sizing Studies 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8.2 Military Aircraft Sizing Studies 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 Discussion 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9.1 The AJT 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Operating Costs 559\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Overview 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Introduction 560\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Aircraft Cost and Operational Cost 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1 Manufacturing Cost 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.2 Operating Cost 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Aircraft Direct Operating Cost (DOC) 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.1 Formulation to Estimate DOC 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.2 Worked Example of DOC – Bizjet 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Aircraft Performance Management (APM) 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.1 Methodology 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.2 Discussion – the Broader Issues 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Miscellaneous Considerations 579\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Overview 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Introduction 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 History of the FAA 580\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1 Code of Federal Regulations 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.2 The Role of Regulation 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Flight Test 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Contribution of the Ground Effect on Takeoff 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Flying in Adverse Environments 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6.1 Adverse Environment as Loss of Visibility 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6.2 Adverse Environment Due to Aerodynamic and Stability\/Control Degradation 587\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Bird Strikes 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8 Military Aircraft Flying Hazards and Survivability 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9 Relevant Civil Aircraft Statistics 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9.1 Maximum Takeoff Mass versus Operational Empty Mass 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9.2 MTOM versus Fuel Load, M f 592\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9.3 MTOM versus Wing Area, S W 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9.4 MTOM versus Engine Power 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9.5 Empennage Area versus Wing Area 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9.6 Wing Loading versus Aircraft Span 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.10 Extended Twin‐Engine Operation (ETOP) 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.11 Flight and Human Physiology 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 599\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendices Appendix A Conversions 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B International Standard Atmosphere Table 605\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C Fundamental Equations 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix D Airbus 320 Class Case Study 615\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix E Problem Sets 627\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix F Aerofoil Data 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 655\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Mechanical engineering \u0026amp; materials [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Mechanical 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