{"product_id":"the-solid-waste-handbook-a-practical-guide-hardback-9780471877110","title":"The Solid Waste Handbook; A Practical Guide (Hardback) 9780471877110","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eThe Solid Waste Handbook\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eA Practical Guide\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eWilliam D. Robinson (Edited by), WD Robinson (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9780471877110, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 16 April 1986\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e848 pages\u003cbr\u003e24.6 x 16.1 x 5.9 cm, 1.393 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eA comprehensive, single-source reference of current issues in solid waste management designed as an aid in decision-making and assessment of future trends. Covers public perceptions, legislation, regulation, planning and financing, and technologies and operation. Reviews the evolution of waste management since the passage of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, amended in 1978, 1980 and 1984. Examines common and divergent public and private concerns, including an in-depth review of public perceptions and their effect on planning and implementation. Also includes a discussion of the inadequacies of most waste quantity and composition estimates, with techniques for adequate evaluation. Looks at the misunderstanding and controversy over source separation and issues in municipal resource recovery from the viewpoint of the private scrap process industry. Also includes an unprecedented examination of the problem of bulky waste logistics and its effect on current disposal practice, and case histories and the current status of energy recovery from industrial waste. With over 500 tables, graphs, and illustrations.\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 1 The Public Issues\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Using The Handbook Who and How 3\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWilliam D. Robinson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Who and How 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Issues That Are Controversial Neglected or Ignored 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Chapter Abstracts 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Legislation and Involved Agencies 9\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWilliam L. Kovacs\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 History of Solid Waste Management Laws 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Hazardous Waste Aspects of RCRA 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Solid Waste Guidelines and Planning Process 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Procurement of Products Containing Recovered Materials 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Other Federal Statutes Impacting on Solid Waste Management 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Department of Energy 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 National Energy’ Conservation Policy Act Pub. L. 95-619 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and PURPA 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.4 Internal Revenue Service (IRS) 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Implementation of RCRA 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 EPA’s Implementation of RCRA 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 The EPA Solid Waste Program 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 The EPA 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.4 The Procurement of Recovered Materials 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 DOE’s Impact on Solid Waste Management 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Impact of New Federalism 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Current and Future Issues in Solid Waste 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.1 The Liability Issue 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.2 Cost Competitiveness of New Technology 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.3 The Need for Solid Waste Flow Control and the Municipal Action Exemption 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.4 The Absent Parties in EPA Litigation—States and Municipalities 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.5 Procurement and Recycling 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Summary 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Public Perceptions and Community Relations 31\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLawrence Chertoff and Diane Buxbaum\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Resource Recovery Project Case Study 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Facilities Investigated 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Data-Gathering Technique 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Summary of Interview Questions Asked 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Communities Studied 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Implications of Case Study 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Motivating Forces 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Militating Factors 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Economic Considerations 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Community Education 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Case Analysis 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Abandoned Projects 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Abandoned Sites 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Successful Projects 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Projects in Doubt 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Summary 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 The Feasibility Study Procurement and Construction Management 43\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eStuart H. Russell Robert Brickner and Charles Peterson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 The Feasibility Study 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Introduction 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Gathering Basic Data 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Identifying Markets 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.4 Selecting Alternatives 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.5 Net System Cost Modeling 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.6 Comparing Alternatives 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Procurement (and Construction Management) 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Introduction 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Approaches: A\/E Turnkey. Full Service 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Procurement Methods 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Construction Management 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Waste Disposal\/Resource Recovery Plant Costs 93\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eW. D. Robinson and Sergio E. Martinez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Capital Cost 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Spectrum of Facilities Costs 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Preproject Expenses 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3 Financing a New Plant 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.4 Foreign Financing 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.5 Preproject Engineering 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.6 Selecting a Consulting Engineer 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.7 Concept and System Choices: Reliability and Redundancy 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.8 Cost Control 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.9 Purchasing Procedures 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Construction Cost 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Schedules 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Labor Cost 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Cost Containment 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Cost Controls 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Operating Costs 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Plant Ownership and Operation by Local Government 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Private Operation and Publicly Owned Plants 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Facilities Owned and Operated by Private Industry 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Revenues 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Expense 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.6 Profit 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.7 Cost Control 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Economics and Financing of Resource Recovery Projects 121\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWarren T. Gregory Jonathan M. Wooten Michael R Lissack and R. S. Madenburg\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Resource Recovery Financing Structures 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Public Ownership 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Private Ownership Financing. 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.3 Leveraged Lease Financing Structures 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.4 Builder\/Operator Ownership 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.5 Accounting Considerations 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 A Case Analysis: Various Financing Alternatives for a Cogeneration Resource Recovery Facility over 20 years 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Landfill Only No Resource Recovery 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Publicly Owned Resource Recovery Plant Versus Land Disposal: Bond Debt Service Lower Each Year 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Publicly Owned Resource Recovery Plant Versus Land Disposal: Bond Debt Service Lower in Early Years (Beginning at Interest Only) and Higher in Later Years 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Leveraged Lease Financings 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Leveraged Lease Financings with Stabilization Fund in Early Years 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.6 Vendor Ownership Financings 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Case Analysis Summary 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 6.1 Assessing Waste-To-Knergy Project Risks 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 6-2 Resource Recovery Ratings (Bonds) Approach 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Legal Issues 151\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBarry S. Shanoff and Jane C. Souzon\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Waste Flow Control 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Competitive Tipping Fees 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Private Agreements and Contracts 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Legislative Controls 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Interstate Commerce 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Finished landfill Site Continuing Liabilities 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Insurance 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Surety Bonds 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Trust Funds 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 7.1 Sample Franchise Administration and Rate-Averaging Procedure 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 7.2 Sample Intermunicipal Agreement Re: Solid Waste 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 7.3 Sample Indemnity Bond 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 7.4 Sample Provisions—Landfill Environmental Trust Fund 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 2 Implementation Issues: Systems Hardware Operations\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Collection of Residential Solid Waste 177\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eH. Lanier Hickman Jr.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction and Policy Overview 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Managing Change in a Solid Waste Collection System 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Introduction 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Game Plan for Change 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Cost Accounting Procedures for Solid Waste Collection Systems 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Introduction 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Enterprise Fund Accounting 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 System Deficiencies 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Summary 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Unions and Solid Waste Collection 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Introduction 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Collective Bargaining in Residential Solid Waste Collection 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Managing Change 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.4 Summary 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Contracting for Residential Solid Waste Collection 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Introduction 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Determining Type and Level of Service 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 Technical Specifications 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4 Summary 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Collection Equipment Maintenance Programs 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Introduction 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Planned Maintenance 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.3 Components in a Maintenance Program 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.4 Other Factors to Consider 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.5 Summary 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Optimizing the Performance of Collection Services 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.1 Introduction 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.2 Factors Affecting Productivity and Costs 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.3 Measuring Productivity in Residential Solid Waste Collection Systems 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.4 The Five-Stage Process Jo Improve Residential Solid Waste Collection Systems 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Transfer of Municipal Solid Waste 195\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLaurence T. Schaper\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 The Transfer Station 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Potential Advantages 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Types of Users 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Location 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Design Choices 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Station Concepts 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Sizing Transfer Facilities 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Site Development and Ancillary Facilities 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Process Options 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Baling 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Shredding 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Transfer Vehicles 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Compaction Trailers 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Noncompaction Trailers 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 Number of Vehicles Required 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Materials-Handling Equipment 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Maintenance 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Cost Analysis and Case Studies 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.1 Cost Analysis 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.2 Case Studies 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Source Separation and Citizen Recycling 215\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRobert Cowles Letcher and Mary T. Sheil\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Perceptions Analysis and Status 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Recycling Defined 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Source Separation Programs Defined 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3 Recycling and the Waste Disposal Industry 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.4 Implications for Both Concepts 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.5 Waste: Perceptions and Perspectives 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.6 The Institutionalization of Waste Disposal 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.7 Benefits of Source Separation 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.8 Benefits of the Recycling System 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.9 Source Separation Versus Centralized Resource-Recovery Process Systems 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.10 Summary of Source Separation Program Incentives and Benefits 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.11 Summary of Materials Markets and Programs 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.12 Case Studies 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Recycling: A Statewide Program for New Jersey 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Background 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Implementing the Recycling Plan 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Meeting the Challenge 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Collection of Recyclables 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5 Recycling—A Cost Avoidance Mechanism 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.6 Market Expansion and Development 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.7 Education—The Key to Success 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.8 A Total Effort 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 10.1 Sample Contract to Sell Used Papers 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 10.2 State Recycling Associations 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 10.3 Trade Associations of Industries Which Process or Use Recycled Materials 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 10.4 Slate Resource Recovery Agencies 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 10.5 New Jersey Programs 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProgram A: Municipal Curbside Collection with a Drop-Off Center 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProgram B: Municipal Curbside Collection 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProgram C: Drop-Off Centers in Urbanized\/Suburban Regional Area Program 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Land Disposal 259\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePhilip R. O’Leary Larry Canter William D Robinson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Landfill Disposal: Theory and Practice 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Definition and Background 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Principles of Operation 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3 Biological and Chemical Processes 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.4 Environmental Protection Considerations 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.5 Guidelines: Federal and State 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.6 Landfill Development 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.7 Service Area Waste Quantities and Land Requirements 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.8 Siting Procedures 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.9 Techniques for Comparing Candidate Sites by Specific Issues 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.10 Public Involvement 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.11 Plan Preparation and Regulatory Approval 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.12 Leachate Formation and Control 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.13 Methane Gas Formation and Control 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.14 Landfill Operations 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.15 Landfill Equipment Selection and Utilization 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.16 On-Site Processing 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.17 Operator Safety 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.18 Site Closure and Long-term Care 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Landfill With Bales 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Background 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 The Baling Process 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 High-Density Balers 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Medium-Density Balers 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.5 Transportation of Bales 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.6 The Balefill 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.7 Approximate Capita] and Operating Costs 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.8 Summaries of Balefill Test Results and Testing of Bales as Foundation Material 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 11.1 Key Elements of the Criteria for Classification of Solid Waste Disposal Facilities and Practices 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 11.2 Maximum Contaminant Levels for Determining Whether Solid Waste Disposal Activities Comply with Groundwater Protection Criteria 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 11.3 Sanitary Landfill Inspection Report 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 11.4 Sanitary Landfill Design and Operational Guidelines 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 11.5 Sample of Technical Site Criteria for Chemical Waste Disposal 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 11.6 Items lo Be Included in the Engineering Report for a Sanitary Landfill 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 11.7 Landfill Site Rating Method 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 11.8 Decision I-actors in Sanitary Landfill Site Selection 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 11.9 Evaluation of Solid Waste Baling and Landfilling 370\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eRalph Stone and Richard Kahle\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 11.10 Engineering Study of Baled Solid Waste as Foundation Material 373\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eRoger G. Siutter\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Resource Recovery: Prepared Fuels Energy and Materials 377\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid J. Schlouhauer George E. Boyhan William D. Robinson Kenneth L. Woodruff Jay A. Campbell Gordon L. Sutin David G. Robinson E. Joseph Duckett Anthony R. Nollet and Robert H. Greeley\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Energy Recovery Overview Processed Fuels 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 Dedicated Units 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 Modification of Existing Units 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.3 Energy Recovery Methods and Products 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.4 Cofiring 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.5 Codisposal 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.6 Economics and Case Histories 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Processed Refuse Fuel Types 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Methods of Combustion or Energy Recovery of Processed Fuels 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Spreader Stoker Firing 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Suspension-Fired Units 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Fluidized Bed Units 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.4 Cyclone Furnace Firing 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.5 Pyrolysis 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.6 Cement Kilns 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.7 Bioconversion 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Fuel Process Systems 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Dry Process 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Wet Process 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Combined Dry\/Wet System 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 Energy Output Comparison 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.5 Characteristics of Dry\/Wet Systems 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.6 Market for RDF Fuel 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.7 RDF Storage 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.8 By-Product Recovery 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Process and Materials-Handling Systems and Equipment; Shredding and Receiving Systems 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 Background 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 Typical RDF Dry Process Components and Systems 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3 Shredding and the Air-Classifier Anomalies 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.4 Size Reduction: Key Factors 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.5 Shredders 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.6 Shredder Operating Characteristics 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.7 Design\/Operating Factors Common to Topfeed Shredders 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.8 Recent Improvements in Shredder Design 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.9 Flail Mills 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.10 Rotary Shear 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.11 Front-End Raw Material Receiving Systems 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.12 Front-End Receiving Conveyers and Burden Depth Control 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.13 Shredder Discharge Conveyers 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.14 Summary 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Process and Materials Handling Equipment; Rotary Shear Shredders Design and Operation 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.1 Background and Description 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.2 Operating Experience 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.3 Operating and Maintenance Costs 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.4 Applications 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.5 Shear Shredder Manufacturers 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Process and Materials Handling Equipment: Screens for Solid Waste Processing 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.1 Background 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.2 Vibrating Screens 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.3 Trommel Screens 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.4 Disc Screens 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.5 Summary 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.6 Representative Installations 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.7 Solid Waste Processing Screen Manufacturers 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Densified Refuse-Derived Fuel (dRDF) 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.1 Background 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.2 Production Technology Status 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.3 Densification Equipment Performance and Problems 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.4 dRDF Properties and Characteristics 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.5 Storage and Handling 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.6 Densification Costs 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.7 dRDF Combustion Experience 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Refuse Derived Fuel Storage Retrieval and Transport 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.1 RDF Storage Retrieval and Transport 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.2 Remote Steam Plant and RDF Transport 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.3 Processing Facility and Steam Plant Same Site 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.4 Atlas Storage and Retrieval System 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.5 Miller Hofft Bin and Retrieval System 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.6 Concrete Hunker Bulk Storage 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.7 Floor Bulk Storage 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.8 Surge Storage 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.9 Miller Hofft Surge Bins 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.10 Sprout Waldron Surge Bins 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.11 Moving By-Pass Surge Storage Systems 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.12 Hooper Live-Bottom Bin 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.13 RDF Distribution and Feed 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 Recovered Materials Specifications and Markets 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.1 Introduction 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.2 Ferrous Metals 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.3 Glass 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.4 Aluminum 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.5 Paper and Corrugated 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.6 Other Miscellaneous Material 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.7 Conclusion 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11 Recovered Materials-Equipment and Systems 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.1 Introduction 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.2 Air Classifiers 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.3 Ferrous Metal Recovery 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.4 Nonferrous Metals Recovery 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.5 Paper Recovery 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.6 Glass Recovery 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.7 Plastics Recovery 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.8 Ash Processing for Metals and Aggregate Recovery 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12 Raw Material Quantity and Composition: A Final Check 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12.1 Quantification Survey 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12.2 Presurvey Planning 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12.3 Survey Scope 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12.4 Quantification Survey Work Tasks 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12.5 Quantification Survey Summary Report 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12.6 Waste Composition Survey 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12.7 The Sorting Program 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12.8 Laboratory Analysts 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.13 Health and Safety: Health Aspects 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.13.1 Explosion Protection 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.13.2 Dusts 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.13.3 Microbiological Aspects 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.13.4 Noise Control 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.13.5 Conclusion 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14 Health and Safety: Implementation 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14.1 Background and Scope 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14.2 Safety Rules and Practice 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14.3 Personnel Safety 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14.4 Raw Material Presort 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14.5 Raw Material Surveillance 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14.6 Explosion Protection 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14.7 Remedial Measures: Explosions in Resource-Recovery Plants 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14.8 Postexplosion Procedures 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Resource Recovery: Mass Burn Energy and Materials 557\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMiro Dvirka\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Mass Burn Energy Recovery Overview 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.1 Dedicated Unit: Boiler Types 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Existing Units and Retrofits 560\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Mass Burn Energy Products 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Constraints. 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Steam Generation 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Power Generation 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.4 Cogeneration 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Codisposal Sewage 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Coburning (in suspension) of Predried Sludge Above Grate-Fired Refuse 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Coburning Dewatered Sludge layered with Refuse in Furnace Feed 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Field-Erected Units: Systems and Sizing 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Raw Material Receiving and Storage 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1 Pit\/Bunker Sizing 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.2 Oversized Material 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.3 Fire and Ventilation 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Retrieval and Furnace Feed 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.1 Crane Design Criteria 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.2 Crane Feed Cycle Design Criteria 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Stoker and Furnace Design 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8.1 Combustion Process Equations 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8.2 Stoker Design 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8.3 Furnace Design 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 Water-Cooled Rotary Combustor 587\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10 Small-Scale “Modular” Units 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10.1 Combustion Concepts 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10.2 Raw Material Receiving and Storage Modular Units 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10.3 Raw Material Retrieval and Feed Systems 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10.4 Combustion Systems 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10.5 Emissions Control Modular Units 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10.6 Application Constraints 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Resource Recovery: Air Pollutant Emissions and Control 595\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWalter R. Niessen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Regulatory Context—Federal 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.1 National Environmental Policy Act (1969) 596\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.2 Clean Air Act of 1970 and Amendments 596\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Regulatory Context—State and Local 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Air Pollutant Uncontrolled Emissions 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Inorganic Particulate and Comparison of Firing Methods 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Combustible Particulate 605\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.3 Total Particulate 666\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.4 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 607\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.5 Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.6 Sulfur Oxides 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.7 Hydrochloric Acid 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.8 Micropollutants 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Control Technology 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Particulate Matter 614\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Carbon Monoxide and Hydrocarbons 617\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)t 617\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.4 Acid Gases 618\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.5 Micropollutants 618\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Marketing Resource Recovery Products 621\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRigdon Boykin Bernays Thomas Barclay and Calvin Lieberman\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Energy 621\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.1 Energy Marketing Principles 621\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.2 Federal Energy Law Affecting Marketing Considerations 625\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.3 Energy Values 628\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.4 Negotiating a Power Sales Contract 636\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Marketing Recovered Materials; A Viewpoint of the Private Scrap Processor 643\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eCalvin Lieberman\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Choices in Strategic Planning 643\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Identifying and Evaluating Markets 644\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Evaluating Raw Material Supply and Recovery Technologies 645\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4 Evaluating Risks 648\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.5 Recovered Materials Quality\/Salability 648\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.6 Disincentives in Resource Recovery 648\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.7 Engineering with Unpredictable Raw Material 649\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.8 Raw Material How Control: A Word of Caution 649\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.9 Markets for Recovered Materials: The Hard Facts 650\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Energy from Refuse in Industrial Plants 653\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWilliam D. Robinson and Fred Rohr\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Background 653\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Industrial Wastes as Boiler Fuel 653\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Industrial Incinerators 654\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1 Background 654\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.2 The Early Los Angeles Excess Air Refractory Furnace 654\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.3 Controlled Air Designs 655\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Energy Recovery Methods 660\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.1 Background 660\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.2 Utilization Choices: Steam Hot Water Hot Air KW 662\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.3 Boiler Types 663\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Operating and Maintenance Factors 664\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.1 Waterside Tube Failure 664\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.2 Fireside lube Wastage 664\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.3 Refractory Linings 664\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.4 Stokers 665\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.5 Ram Feed 665\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.6 Ash Removal 665\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.7 Feedwater Treatment 666\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Industrial Solid Waste Incineration 666\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.1 Concept Choices 666\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Industry as the Purchaser of Refuse Energy 668\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 Industrial Cogeneration 668\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8.1 Background 668\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8.2 Technology and Systems 671\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8.3 Regulatory Factors 672\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8.4 Economic Factors 672\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8.5 Operation and Maintenance Cost Factors 673\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8.6 Operating Cost Summary 673\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 Conclusions 675\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 16.1 Two 200 TPD Composite Plant Designs for a Starved Air System and for an Excess Air System 677\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Histories 680\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Residential Commercial and Industrial Bulky Wastes 697\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWilliam D. Robinson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Nature of the Waste 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1 Residential Bulky Waste 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.2 Commercial Bulky Waste 698\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.3 Industrial Bulky Waste 698\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Present Disposal Status 698\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1 Background 698\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Bulky Waste Process Experience 700\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.1 Background 700\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Bulky Waste Processing Case Histories 703\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.1 City of Harrisburg Pennsylvania 703\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.2 City of Chicago Illinois Goose Island 706\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.3 Resources Recovery (Dade County) Inc. Miami Florida 707\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.4 City of East Chicago Indiana 714\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.5 City of Omaha Nebraska Solid Waste Recycling Center 719\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.6 City of Glen Cove New York Codisposal\/Energy Recovery Facility 721\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.7 City of Montreal Quebec Canada 725\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.8 City of Kyoto Japan 725\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.9 City of Ansonia Connecticut 728\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.10 City of Tacoma Washington 728\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Aborted Bulky Waste Process Projects 734\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6.1 Background 734\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6.2 Summary of Aborted Projects 734\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6.3 Analysis of Aborted Bulky Waste Process Projects 734\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 17.1 Omaha Shredder Product Screen Analysis and Noise Level Survey 735\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Refuse Fuels in the Portland Cement Industry (Including Tires and Shredder Residue) 737\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid Watson Heinrich Matthee and William D Robinson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Experience in England 737\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1.1 Refuse versus Other Fuels—Technical Factors 737\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1.2 Development of Blue Circle’s Interest 738\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1.3 Resumé of Blue Circle’s Experience 741\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1.4 Current Developments 741\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1.5 Questions and Answers 742\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Experience in West Germany 743\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1 Background: Tires 743\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.2 Miscellaneous Shredder Wastes 744\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.3 Auto Shredder Wastes 745\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.4 Asphaltic Sludge 746\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Experience in North America 746\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1 Background 746\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.2 Factors in a Discouraging Outlook 747\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.3 Scrapped Auto Shredding Residues 747\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.4 Conclusion 748\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Biological Processes 749\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDonald K. Walter James L. Easterly and Elizabeth C. Saris\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Background 749\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Anaerobic Digestion 750\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.1 Introduction 750\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.2 Basic Processes 750\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.3 Feedstocks 750\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.4 Products 751\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.5 Reactor Types 751\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.6 Design Parameters 753\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Fermentation Processes 753\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.1 Background 753\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.2 Basic Processes 754\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.3 Feedstocks 754\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.4 Products 754\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.5 Design Parameters 755\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Compost 755\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.1 Background 755\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.2 Basic Process 755\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.3 Process Description 755\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.4 Feedstocks 756\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.5 Products 756\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.6 Design Parameters 756\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.7 Reactor Types 757\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Applications and Economics 757\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.1 Anaerobic Digestion 757\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.2 Fermentation 758\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.3 Composting 758\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Case Histories 759\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6.1 Anaerobic Digestion 759\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6.2 Compost 761\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 19.1 Biomass as Fuel tor Electric Generation: Planned and Existing Projects in the United States 763\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 3 Hazardous Solid Wastes\u003cbr\u003e 20 Federal Regulatory Issues 773\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWilliam L. Kovacs\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction 773\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 History of the Federal Hazardous Waste Regulatory Program 773\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.1 Past Practices 773\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.2 Intent and Development of RCRA Congressional Debate 774\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 The Act—Its Organization Scope and Contents 775\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.1 Identification and Listing of Hazardous Wastes 775\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.2 Requirements Imposed On Generators of Hazardous Waste 775\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.3 Requirements Imposed on Transporters of Hazardous Waste 775\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.4 Requirements Regulating Those Who Treat Store or Dispose of Hazardous Waste 776\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.5 Permit Authority 776\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.6 Authorized State Programs 777\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.7 Enforcement of RCRA 777\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.8 The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 778\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Hazardous Waste Management Regulations under RCRA 780\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.1 40 C.F.R. Part 260 General Regulations for Hazardous Waste Management 780\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.2 40 C.F.R. Part 261 Regulations Identifying Hazardous Waste 780\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.3 40 C.F.R. Part 262 Requirements upon Generators of Hazardous Waste 782\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.4 40 C.F.R. Part 263 Requirements upon Transporters of Hazardous Waste 783\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.5 40 C.F.R. Part 264 Requirements upon Owners and Operators of Permitted Hazardous Waste Facilities 783\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.6 40 C.F.R. Part 265 Interim Status Standards 789\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.7 40 C.F.R. Part 267 Interim Standards for Owners and Operators of New Hazardous Waste I .and Disposal Facilities 789\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.8 Interface of RCRA Regulations with State Programs (Part 271 Regulations) 790\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 EPA Its Organization and Regional Offices 791\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 EPA’s Permitting Procedures 791\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6.1 The Permit Application 791\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7 EPA’s Inspection Authority Reporting Requirements and Enforcement 792\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.1 Inspections 792\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.2 Reporting Requirements 792\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7.3 Enforcement 793\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.8 The Superfund Program 793\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.8.1 Key Superfund Provisions and the Agencies that Implement It 793\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.8.2 The Relationship of Superfund to RCRA 794\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.9 Current Changes and Future Federal Role 795\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.9.1 Changes by the Reagan Administration 795\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.9.2 Future RCRA Regulatory Program 796\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.9.3 Future Superfund Program 796\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.10 Summary 796\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 State and Local Regulatory Issues 799\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJames Reynolds and H. Lanier Hickman Jr.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Introduction 799\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 State Program Development 799\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.1 Life before the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 799\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.2 Standardization 800\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.3 Effects of RCRA 800\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Policy Issues of Concern to Local Government 801\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3.1 Introduction 801\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3.2 Facility Siting 801\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3.3 Economic Impact on Industry 801\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3.4 The Exempted (Small) Generator 802\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3.5 Closed and Abandoned Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites and Orphaned Hazardous Wastes 802\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3.6 Emergency Response and Contingency Plans 802\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3.7 Summary 803\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 805\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Civil engineering, surveying \u0026amp; building [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Civil engineering, surveying \u0026amp; building\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Civil%20engineering,%20surveying%20\u0026amp;%20building%20%5BTN%5D%22\"\u003eTN\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Interscience","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52298065215768,"sku":"9780471877110","price":196.46,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9780471877110.jpg?v=1781734087","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/the-solid-waste-handbook-a-practical-guide-hardback-9780471877110","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}