{"product_id":"the-science-of-climate-change-hardback-9780470626122","title":"The Science of Climate Change (Hardback) 9780470626122","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eThe Science of Climate Change\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eM. R. Islam (Author), M. M. Khan (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9780470626122, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 25 June 2019\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e642 pages\u003cbr\u003e1 x 1 x 1 cm, 0.454 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt has long been recognized that science is the pursuit of knowledge, knowledge is power, and power is political. However, the fantasy of science being apolitical is a hallmark legacy of the enlightenment era, an era that romanticized pursuit of knowledge, disconnected from the baggage of power, politics, and dogmatic assertions. Yet, while the age of information has exponentially increased our access to knowledge, we can see, as clearly as ever, that scientific knowledge is neither apolitical nor dogma-free, and it certainly is not disconnected from power. It is hard to imagine another era when the separation between science and politics has been this blurred as it is today. At the same time, it is true that no other topic than climate change has been so politically charged,  with one side dominating the scientific narration and branding anyone opposing the mainstream as a “climate change denier,” and the other standing in staunch defiance that climate change exists. In an age of political and scientific turmoil, how can we navigate out way to coming towards a more objective understanding of the scientific issues surrounding the climate change debate?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book presents the current debate of climate change as scientifically futile, on both sides of the scientific, and often, political, spectrum. The climate change debate has become like obesity, cancer, diabetes or opioid addiction, which is to say that the debate should not be if these maladies exist, but rather, what causes them. Instead of looking for the cause and making adjustments to remove those causes from our lifestyle, a combination of the capitalist drive towards mass production and a lack of identifying the roots of the problems, new solutions, or substitutes, have been proposed as \"quick fixes\" to the problems. This book identifies the root causes of climate change and shows that climate change is real and it is also preventable, but that it can be reversed only if we stop introducing pollutants in the ensuing greenhouse gases. The book brings back common sense and grounds scientists to the fundamentals of heat and mass transfer, while at the same time disconnecting politicking and hysteria from true scientific analysis of the phenomenon of global climate.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eForeword xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Opening Statement 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Summary 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Chapter 2: State-of-the Art of the Climate Change Debate 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Chapter 3: Forest Fires and Anthropogenic CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Chapter 4: Role of Agricultural Practices on Climate Change 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Chapter 5: Role of Biofuel Processing in Creating Global Warming 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Chapter 6: Role of Refining on Climate Change 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Chapter 7: Scientific Characterization of Petroleum Fluids 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Chapter 8: Delinearized History of Climate Change Hysteria 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Chapter 9: The Monetization the Climate Science 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11 Chapter 10: The Science of Global Warming 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.12 Chapter 11: Conclusions 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 State-of-The-Art of the Climate Change Debate 19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 The Anthropogenic Climate Change (ACC) 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 The Climate Change as a Natural Process 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Conclusions 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Forest Fires and Anthropogenic CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e 37\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 The Science of Forest Fires 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Role of Water and Carbon 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Combustion and Oxidation 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 From Natural Energy to Natural Mass 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Causes of Forest Fires 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Climate Change and Forest Fire 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Setting the Stage to Discover a CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e* Effect 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Conclusions 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Role of Agricultural Practices on Climate Change 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Climate-Water-Food Nexus 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Biofuel 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Pathway Analysis of Biofuels 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Chemical Fertilizers 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Pesticides 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.1 Toxin Related to Pesticide 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 The Heavy Metals 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.1 Lead 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.2 Chromium 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.3 Arsenic 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.4 Zinc 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.5 Cadmium 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.6 Copper 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.7 Mercury 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.8 Nickel 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.9 Overall Effect of Heavy Metals on Life Cycle and Ecosystem 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 The Mechanism 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.5 Bioethanol 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Conclusions 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Role of Biofuel Processing in Creating Global Warming 181\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 The Process of Biodiesel Manufacturing 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Variables Affecting Transesterification Reaction 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1.1 Effect of Free Fatty Acid and Moisture 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1.2 Catalyst Type and Concentration 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1.3 Molar Ratio of Alcohol to Oil and Type of Alcohol 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1.4 Effect of Reaction Time and Temperature 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1.5 Mixing Intensity 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1.6 Effect of Using Organic Co-Solvents 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Catalysts 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.1 The Effects of Homogeneous  Catalyst in Biodiesel Production 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.2 Effect of Heterogeneous Catalysts 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.3 Future Trends and the Impact on the Environment 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Greening of the Biodiesel Process 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Conclusions 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Role of Refining on Climate Change 235\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 The Refining Process 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Additives and Their Functions 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Platinum 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Cadmium 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Lead 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Science of Nanaoscale 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Connection Between Subatomic and Bulk Properties 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 The Correct Formulation 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Zeolite as a Refining Catalyst 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Gasoline Pool 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Linear Paraffin Isomerization 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Isobutane–Butene Alkylation 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4 Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.5 Reforming 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.6 Hydrocracking 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Conclusions 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Scientific Characterization of Petroleum Fluids 293\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Organic and Mechanical Frequencies 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Redefining Radiation and Energy 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Radiation 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Flames and Natural Frequencies of Flames 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Energy 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Conversion of Energy Into Mass 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Role of Petroleum Sources 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Organic Origin of Petroleum 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Implication of the Abiogenic Theory of Hydrocarbon 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Effect on Reserve 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Scientific Ranking of Petroleum 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Conclusions 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Delinearized History of Climate Change Hysteria 343\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Climate Change Hysteria 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 The Energy Crisis 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Are Natural Resources Finite and Human Needs Infinite? 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 The Finite\/ Infinite Conundrum 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Renewable vs Non-Renewable: No Boundary-As-Such 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Conclusions 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 The Monetization the Climate Science 363\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 The Nobel Laureate Economist’s Claim 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Historical Development 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Pre-Industrial 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Industrial Age 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Age of Petroleum 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3.1 High-Acid Crude Oils and Opportunity Crudes 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3.2 Oil From Tight Formations and From Shale Formations 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3.3 Natural Gas 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3.4 Heavy Oil 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3.5 Tar Sand Bitumen 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Petroleum in the Big Picture 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Current Status of Greenhouse Gas Emissions 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 CO2 Release to the Atmosphere 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Linking with GDP 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 Different Trends in the Largest Emitting Countries and Regions 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Comments on the Copenhagen Summit 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 The Parise Agreement 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.1 Connection to Nordhaus 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.2 The Agreement 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Carbon Tax: The Ultimate Goal of Climate Change Hysteria 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Conclusions 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 The Science of Global Warming 445\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Current Status of Greenhouse 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 The Current Focus 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Effect of Metals 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Indirect Effects 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Scientific Characterization of Greenhouse Gases 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Connection to Subatomic Energy 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Isotopes and Their Relation to Greenhouse Gases 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 A New Approach to Material Characterization 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Removable Discontinuities: Phases and Renewability of Materials 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Rebalancing Mass and Energy 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Energy: Toward Scientific Modeling 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.4 The Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.5 Avalanche Theory 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.6 Simultaneous Characterization of Matter and Energy 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Classification of CO2 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Isotopic Characterization 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Isotopic Features of Naturally Occurring Chemicals 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3 Photosynthesis 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.4 The Effect on Carbon (114C and δ13C) 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 The Role of Water in Global Warming 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 Water as the Driver of Climate Change 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Characterization of Energy Sources 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.1 Environmental and Ecological Impact 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.2 Quality of Energy 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.3 Evaluation of Process 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.4 Final Characterization 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Conclusions 537\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Concluding Remarks 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Conclusions of Chapter 2: State-of-the Art of the Climate Change Debate 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Conclusions of Chapter 3: Forest Fires and Anthropogenic CO2 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Conclusions of Chapter 4: Role of Agricultureal practices on Climate Change 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Conclusions of Chapter 5: Role of Biofuel Processing in Creating Gobal Warming 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Concludsions of Chapetr 6: Role of Refining on Climate Change 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Conclusions of Chapter 7: Scientific Characterization of Petroleum Fluids 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Conclusions of Chapter 8: Delineraized History of Climate Change Hysteria 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Conclusions of Chapter 9: The Monetization the Climate Science 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Conclusions of Chapter 10: The Science of Global Warming 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 References 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 619\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: History [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on History\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22History%20%5BHB%5D%22\"\u003eHB\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Scrivener","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52276370604312,"sku":"9780470626122","price":154.87,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9780470626122.jpg?v=1781368112","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/the-science-of-climate-change-hardback-9780470626122","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}