{"product_id":"spectroscopy-for-materials-characterization-hardback-9781119697329","title":"Spectroscopy for Materials Characterization (Hardback) 9781119697329","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eSpectroscopy for Materials Characterization\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eSimonpietro Agnello (Edited by), S Agnello (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9781119697329, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 5 November 2021\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e496 pages\u003cbr\u003e1 x 1 x 1 cm, 0.454 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eSPECTROSCOPY FOR MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLearn foundational and advanced spectroscopy techniques from leading researchers in physics, chemistry, surface science, and nanoscience\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eSpectroscopy for Materials Characterization,\u003c\/i\u003e accomplished researcher \u003ci\u003eSimonpietro Agnello\u003c\/i\u003e delivers a practical and accessible compilation of various spectroscopy techniques taught and used to today. The book offers a wide-ranging approach taught by leading researchers working in physics, chemistry, surface science, and nanoscience. It is ideal for both new students and advanced researchers studying and working with spectroscopy. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTopics such as confocal and two photon spectroscopy, as well as infrared absorption and Raman and micro-Raman spectroscopy, are discussed, as are thermally stimulated luminescence and spectroscopic studies of radiation effects on optical materials. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach chapter includes a basic introduction to the theory necessary to understand a specific technique, details about the characteristic instrumental features and apparatuses used, including tips for the appropriate arrangement of a typical experiment, and a reproducible case study that shows the discussed techniques used in a real laboratory. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReaders will benefit from the inclusion of: \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComplete and practical case studies at the conclusion of each chapter to highlight the concepts and techniques discussed in the material\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCitations of additional resources ideal for further study\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eA thorough introduction to the basic aspects of radiation matter interaction in the visible-ultraviolet range and the fundamentals of absorption and emission\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eA rigorous exploration of time resolved spectroscopy at the nanosecond and femtosecond intervals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerfect for Master and Ph.D. students and researchers in physics, chemistry, engineering, and biology, \u003ci\u003eSpectroscopy for Materials Characterization\u003c\/i\u003e will also earn a place in the libraries of materials science researchers and students seeking a one-stop reference to basic and advanced spectroscopy techniques.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Radiation–Matter Interaction Principles: Optical Absorption and Emission in the Visible-Ultraviolet Region \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSimonpietro Agnello\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Empirical Aspects of Radiation–Matter Interaction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1 Optical Absorption: The Lambert–Beer Law 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2 Emission: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Microscopic Point of View 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Einstein Coefficients 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Oscillator Strength, Lifetime, Quantum Yield 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Vibronic States: Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Lineshape 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Jablonski Energy Level Diagram: Permitted and Forbidden Transitions 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5 Excited States Rate Equations 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Instrumental Setups 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Typical Block Diagram of Spectrometers 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Light Sources 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Dispersion Elements: Gratings and Resolution Power 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Detectors: Photodiode, Photomultiplier, Charge Coupled Device 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Case Studies 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Optical Absorption in Visible-Ultraviolet Range 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1.1 Scanning Device (Bandwidth and Scanning Speed Effects) 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1.2 CCD Fiber Optic Device 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Photoluminescence 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2.1 Emission and Excitation Spectra: Energy Levels Reconstruction 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Time-Resolved Photoluminescence \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e35\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMarco Cannas and Lavinia Vaccaro\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction to Photoluminescence Spectroscopy 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Photoluminescence Properties Related to Points Defects: Electron–Phonon Coupling 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Optical Transitions: The Franck–Condon Principle 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3 Zero-Phonon Line 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.4 Phonon Line Structure 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.5 Vibrational Structure 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.6 Inhomogeneous Effects 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Experimental Methods and Analysis 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Time-Resolved Luminescence 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Site-Selective Luminescence 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Basic Design of Experimental Setup: Pulsed Laser Sources; Monochromators; Detectors 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3.1 Tunable Laser 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3.2 Time-Resolved Detection System: Spectrograph and Intensified CCD Camera 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Case Studies: Luminescent Point Defects in Amorphous SiO2 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Emission Spectra and Lifetime Measurements 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Zero-Phonon Line Probed by Site-Selective Luminescence 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Ultrafast Optical Spectroscopies \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e65\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlice Sciortino and Fabrizio Messina\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Femtosecond Spectroscopy: An Overview 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Ultrafast Optical Pulses 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 General Properties 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.1 Dispersion Effect: Group Velocity Dispersion 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Nonlinear Optics: Basis and Applications 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2.1 Second Harmonic Generation and Sum Frequency Generation 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2.2 Noncollinear Optical Parametric Amplifier 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2.3 Supercontinuum Generation 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Transient Absorption Spectroscopy 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 The Experimental Method 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Typical Experimental Setups 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Data Analysis and Interpretation 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Ultrafast Fluorescence Spectroscopies 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 FLUC: The Experimental Method 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 FLUC: Typical Experimental Setups 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 FLUC: Data Analysis and Interpretation 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Kerr-Based Femtosecond Fluorescence Spectroscopy 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 The Experimental Method 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Typical Experimental Setups 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Data Analysis and Interpretation 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Case Studies 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Ultrafast Relaxation Dynamics of Molecules in Solution Phase 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Relaxation of Excited Charge Carriers and Excitons in Semiconductor Nanoparticles 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 Ultrafast Relaxation Dynamics of Carbon-based Nanomaterials 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Confocal and Two-Photon Spectroscopy \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e97\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGiuseppe Sancataldo and Valeria Vetri\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction and Historical Perspectives 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Point Spread Function and Optical Resolution 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Optical Sectioning and Imaging of 3D Samples 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Fluorescence Imaging 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Laser Scanning Confocal Fluorescence Microscope 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Two-Photon Microscope 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 The Importance of Sample Preparation from Solid State to Dynamic Specimens 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Setting Up a Measurement 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Spectroscopy Using a Microscope 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Observables in Fluorescence Microscopy 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Measuring Dynamics: Gaining Information Below Resolution 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Case Studies 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Understanding Microstructures and Mechanistic Aspects in Materials 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Fluctuation Methods for the Analysis of Nanosystems 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e129\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eTiziana Fiore and Claudia Pellerito\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Fundamentals 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Introduction 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Basic Principles 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3 Infrared Spectra 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.4 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometers (Interferometers) 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Sources and Detectors 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Techniques and Sampling Methods 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Transmission Methods 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1.1 Solid Samples 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1.2 Liquid and Solution Samples 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1.3 Gas Samples 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Method 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 FTIR Microspectroscopy 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 AFM-IR Spectroscopy 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Hyphenated Techniques 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Applications and Case Studies 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Chemical Characterization and Kinetics 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Surfaces 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Medical and Life Science (Pharmaceutical, Medical, Biological, Biotechnological) 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Cultural Heritage and Forensic 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.5 Environmental and Geological 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.6 Food Industry 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Raman and Micro-Raman Spectroscopy \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e169\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGiuliana Faggio, Rossella Grillo, and Giacomo Messina\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Basic Theory 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Introduction 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Spectroscopic Units 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.3 Molecular Vibrations 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.4 Classical Theory of the Raman Scattering 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.5 Simplified Quantum Approach to Raman Scattering 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.6 Raman and IR Activities 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.7 Crystal Vibrations 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.8 Raman Scattering in Crystals 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.9 Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Instrumentation 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Laser Sources and Optical Filters 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Monochromators 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Detectors 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Raman Microscopy and Raman Mapping 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Case Studies 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Raman Indicators 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Identification of Materials and Crystalline Quality 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Graphene and Graphite Raman Spectra 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Doping Detection 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.5 Basic Examples of SERS 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Thermally Stimulated Luminescence \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e201\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFederico Moretti\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Theory of Thermally Stimulated Luminescence 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Simple Model 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1.1 First-Order Kinetics 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1.2 Second-Order Kinetics 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1.3 General-Order Kinetics 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Localized Transitions 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Beyond the Ideal Behavior 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3.1 Luminescence Quenching 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3.2 Trap Energy Distributions 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Data Analysis Methods 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Initial Rise 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Peak Shape 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Heating Rate Method 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Glow Curve Fit 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Instrumentation and Considerations on Samples 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Case Studies 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Lanthanide Energy Level Position in the Bandgap 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Bandgap Engineering 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Correlation of TSL Data with EPR Results 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNote 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Spectroscopic Studies of Radiation Effects on Optical Materials \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e229\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSylvain Girard, Vincenzo De Michele, and Adriana Morana\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Radiation Environments 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Applications for Optical Materials 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Radiation-Induced Effects on Optical Materials and Optical Fibers 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Radiation-Induced Attenuation – RIA 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Radiation-Induced Emission – RIE 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Radiation-Induced Compaction – RIC and Refractive Index Change – RIRIC 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Origins of Radiation-Induced Optical Changes 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Radiation-Induced Attenuation Measurements 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Postirradiation RIA Measurements 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1.1 Bulk Glasses 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1.2 Optical Fibers 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 In Situ RIA Measurements 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2.1 Bulk Glasses 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2.2 Optical Fibers 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Exploitation of RIA Spectra: Point Defect Identification 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3.1 Spectral Decomposition 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3.2 Point Defect Kinetics 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Radiation-Induced Luminescence (RIL) 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Architectures of Fiber-Based Sensors: Extrinsic and Intrinsic 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Calibration of the RIL Versus Proton Flux 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Bragg Peak Measurements for Proton-Therapy Applications 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Case Studies 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Characterization of Bulk Glasses for Space Optical Systems 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Fiber-Based Dosimetry with Phosphorus-Doped Optical Fibers 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 Proton Flux Measurements Through the RIL of Optical Fibers 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR) \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e253\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAntonino Alessi and Franco Gelardi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Basic Principle of EPR 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Anisotropy of \u003ci\u003eg \u003c\/i\u003eand Spectral Lineshape 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 The EPR Lineshape in Powder or in Amorphous 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Hyperfine Interactions 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Paramagnetic Center with \u003ci\u003eS \u003c\/i\u003e= 1 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Basics of Continuous Wave EPR Setup 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Parameters for EPR Signal Acquisition 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Cw EPR Case Studies 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Time-Resolved EPR Spectroscopy 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10.1 Saturation Transients 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10.2 Spin Nutations 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10.3 Free Induction Decay 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10.4 Spin Echo 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e281\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlberto Spinella and Pellegrino Conte\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 NMR General Concepts 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Nuclear Spin and Magnetic Moment 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Spin Precession and Larmor Frequency 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Longitudinal Magnetization 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Transverse Magnetization and NMR Signal 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5 Spin Interactions 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.6 Fourier Transform NMR 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Liquid-State NMR 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 The NMR Spectrometer 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Sample Preparation 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 How to Set an Experiment 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 Longitudinal Relaxation Time Measurement 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5 Transverse Relaxation Time Measurement 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.6 2D-Liquid-State NMR Techniques 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.7 Considerations on the Molecular Dynamics by NMR Spectroscopy 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Solid-State NMR 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Powdered Samples 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Cross-Polarization and Heteronuclear Decoupling 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Magic-Angle Spinning 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Homonuclear Dipolar Decoupling 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.5 2D-Solid State NMR Techniques 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.6 Recoupling Techniques 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.7 Molecular Dynamics by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Nonconventional NMR Techniques 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Time Domain NMR 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Fast Field Cycling NMR Relaxometry 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Earth’s Magnetic Field NMR 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Case Studies 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Polymers and Polymer-Based Composites 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Mesoporous Materials 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3 Cultural Heritage 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.4 Food 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.5 Environmental NMR: Rocks, Soils, Waters, Air 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.6 NMR of “Exotic” Nuclei 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy and X-Ray Raman Scattering Spectroscopy for Energy Applications \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e319\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlessandro Longo, Francesco Giannici, and Christoph J. Sahle\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 The X-Ray Absorption Coefficient and the EXAFS Technique 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 The EXAFS Equation and the Key Approximations 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1.1 Many-Body Effects 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1.2 Inelastic Effects 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Multiple Scattering Theory: Basic Information 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 XANES or Near-Edge X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure and Pre-Edge Region 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 EXAFS: Data Analysis Overview 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Experimental Setups 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Transmission Geometry 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Fluorescence Geometry 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 X-Ray Raman Scattering Spectroscopy 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Theoretical Background 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Experimental Setup 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2.1 Instrumentation 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2.2 Data Processing 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Case Studies: Application of XAFS and XRS for Energy Materials 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.1 CO Oxidation Reaction: The Au\/CeO2 Catalyst 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.2 Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.3 Oxide-Ion Conductors: Dopants and Vacancies 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.4 Proton-Conducting Oxides 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.5 The Role of Oxygen in Fuel Cell Cathodes 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e351\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMichelangelo Scopelliti\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 General Principles 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Instrumental Setup 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Vacuum and Ultrahigh Vacuum, UHV 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1.1 Roughing Pumps 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1.2 Turbomolecular Pumps 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1.3 Ion Pumps 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1.4 Titanium Sublimation Pumps 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Magnetic Shielding 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Sources 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 Sample Manipulators 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.5 Charge Neutralization Systems 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.5.1 Electron Guns 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.5.2 Ion Guns 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.6 Analyzers and Detectors 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Applications 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Quantitative Analysis 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Qualitative Analysis 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Surface Maps 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.4 Profiles 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.4.1 Depth Profiles 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.4.2 Angle-Resolved Profiles 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Data Analysis 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Shift Corrections 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Background 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Line Shapes 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 Nonlinear Fitting 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Case Studies 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 Hydrocarbon Contamination 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 Energy Loss 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3 Depth Profiles\/1 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.4 Depth Profiles\/2 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy – Materials Science Technique \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e383\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDmitry A. Zatsepin and Anatoly F. Zatsepin\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 UPS History and Capabilities 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Theory and Experimental Methodology of UPS 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Physical Principles of UPS 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Angle-Resolved UPS 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 UPS Experiment and Factors of Influence 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Vacuum System and Pumping 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Sample and External Spectral Standard Preparation 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Ultraviolet Source 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.4 Charge Neutralizer 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.5 Staff Requirements 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Transmission Electron Spectroscopy \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e405\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRaffaele Giuseppe Agostino and Vincenzo Formoso\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Empirical Aspects of Electron–Matter Interaction 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.1 Fast Electrons Interaction with a Solid 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.2 Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.2.1 Inner Shell Excitations 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.2.2 Low-Loss Excitations 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.2.3 Energy-Filtered Images 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Instrumental Setups 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 TEM in a Nutshell 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Atomic Force Microscopy and Spectroscopy \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e425\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGianpiero Buscarino\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 The AFM Microscope 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 The Probe 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Harmonic Excitation of the Cantilever 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Scanning System 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4 Measurement of the Cantilever’s Deflection 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.5 Feedback System 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Tip–Surface Interaction Forces 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Van der Waals 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Short-Range Repulsive 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 Adhesion 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.4 Capillary 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.5 Other Forces 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 AFM Acquisition Modes 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Contact Mode 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Tapping Mode 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 AFM Spectroscopy 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Case Studies 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6.1 Roughness of a Flat Surface 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6.2 Size Distribution of Nanoparticles 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 461\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Chemistry [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Chemistry\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Chemistry%20%5BPN%5D%22\"\u003ePN\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52430880604440,"sku":"9781119697329","price":101.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9781119697329.jpg?v=1784764893","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/spectroscopy-for-materials-characterization-hardback-9781119697329","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}