{"product_id":"rational-diagnosis-and-treatment-evidence-based-clinical-decision-making-hardback-9780470515037","title":"Rational Diagnosis and Treatment; Evidence-Based Clinical Decision-Making (Hardback) 9780470515037","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eRational Diagnosis and Treatment\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eEvidence-Based Clinical Decision-Making\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003ePeter Gøtzsche (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9780470515037, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 23 November 2007\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e248 pages\u003cbr\u003e23.4 x 15.9 x 1.9 cm, 0.481 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\"An extremely interesting and intellectually stimulating book … .I would recommend this book, particularly to medical students and junior doctors.\" (\u003ci\u003eEvidence Based Medicine\u003c\/i\u003e, December 2008)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNow in its fourth edition, \u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eRational Diagnosis and Treatment: Evidence-Based Clinical Decision-Making\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e is a unique book to look at evidence-based medicine and the difficulty of applying evidence from group studies to individual patients.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe book analyses the successive stages of the decision process and deals with topics such as the examination of the patient, the reliability of clinical data, the logic of diagnosis, the fallacies of uncontrolled therapeutic experience and the need for randomised clinical trials and meta-analyses. It is the main theme of the book that, whenever possible, clinical decisions must be based on the evidence from clinical research, but the authors also explain the pitfalls of such research and the problems involved in applying evidence from groups of patients to the individual patient.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor this new edition, the sections on placebo and meta-analysis and on alternative medicine have been thoroughly updated, and there is more focus on insufficient reporting of harms of interventions. The sections on different research designs describe advantages and limitations, and the increased medicalisation and the effects of cancer screening on health people are noted. A section on academic freedom when clinicians collaborate with industry and ghost authors is added.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis essential reference work integrates the science and statistical approach of evidence-based medicine with the art and humanism of medical practice; distinguishing between data, sets of data, knowledge and wisdom, and their application. Such an intellectually challenging book is ideal for both medical students and doctors who require theoretical and practical clinical skills to help ensure that they apply theory in practice.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003ePreface.  \u003cp\u003eIntroduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 The Foundation of Clinical Decisions.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe clinical decision process.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical data.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScales of measurement.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaking the history.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe physical examination.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParaclinical findings.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobal assessments.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Reliability and relevance of clinical data.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical data on an interval scale.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical data on an ordinal scale.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical data on a binary scale.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescriptive paraclinical findings.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescriptive physical signs.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe statistical concept of normality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe concept of disease.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterpretation and relevance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndicators.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 The disease classification.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe historical perspective.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe nineteenth and twentieth centuries.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe theoretical perspective.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mechanical model of disease.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMolecular biology.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisease and the environment.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe practical perspective.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eName of disease.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinition.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCauses of disease (aetiology and pathogenesis).   \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe clinical picture.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis and treatment.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Diagnosis.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe diagnostic universe.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis of diseases with an accessible defining criterion.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe direct method for assessing the accuracy of test results.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe indirect method for assessing the accuracy of test results.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerminological confusion.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuantitative data.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis of diseases with a concealed defining criterion.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSyndrome diagnosis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree patients.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis in practice.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequential and subjective probabilities.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnostic strategy.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e  5 Uncontrolled experience.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUncontrolled experience in a pre-scientific era.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe numerical method.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe era of laboratory research.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe spontaneous course of the disease.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegression towards the mean.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRun of luck.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBias.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe placebo effect.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe need for controlled experience.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlternative medicine: pseudoscientific thinking.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 The randomized clinical trial.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelection of patients.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRandomization.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoice of treatment in the control group.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrinciples of blinding.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCross-over trials.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasures of benefits and harms.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStopping rules.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessment of the results.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistical analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypothesis testing.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther statistical measures of effect.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubgroup analyses.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystematic reviews.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom trials to practice.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvidence-based medicine and commercial pressures.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Medicine and the humanities.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe four components of clinical reasoning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe empathic-hermeneutic component.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe ethical component.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree kinds of norms.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe foundation of health care ethics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe structure of ethical reasoning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessment of the facts of the case.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsequential considerations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeontological considerations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe ethical decision.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuality of life.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutonomy and paternalism.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical examples.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical research ethics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Critical reading of medical journals.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogical analysis of medical papers.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssets and limitations of cohort studies.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssets and limitations of case-control studies.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther designs.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTesting Hypotheses.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsuedohypothetico-deductive logic.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWrong sampling unit.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSample size calculations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterpretation of P-values.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistical tests.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamples.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrelation analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife table analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReferences.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIndex.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Clinical \u0026amp; internal medicine [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Clinical \u0026amp; internal medicine\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Clinical%20\u0026amp;%20internal%20medicine%20%5BMJ%5D%22\"\u003eMJ\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Interscience","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52173808632088,"sku":"9780470515037","price":72.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9780470515037.jpg?v=1781172942","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/rational-diagnosis-and-treatment-evidence-based-clinical-decision-making-hardback-9780470515037","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}