{"product_id":"quaternary-dating-methods-paperback-softback-9780470869277","title":"Quaternary Dating Methods (Paperback \/ softback) 9780470869277","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eQuaternary Dating Methods\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eMike Walker (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9780470869277, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003ePaperback \/ softback, published 25 April 2005\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e304 pages\u003cbr\u003e24.8 x 17.2 x 1.8 cm, 0.51 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\"This book is a must for any Quaternary scientist.\" \u003ci\u003e(South African Geographical Journal, September 2006)\u003c\/i\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\"…very well organized, clearly and straightforwardly written and provides a good overview on the wide field of Quaternary dating methods\u003ci\u003e…\"(Journal of Quaternary Science, January 2007)\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eThis introductory textbook introduces the basics of dating, the range of techniques available and the strengths and limitations of each of the principal methods.  \u003cp\u003eCoverage includes:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003ethe concept of time in Quaternary Science and related fields\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ethe history of dating from lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ethe development and application of radiometric methods\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003edifferent methods in dating: radiometric dating, incremental dating, relative dating and age equivalence\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresented in a clear and straightforward manner with the minimum of technical detail, this text is a great introduction for both students and practitioners in the Earth, Environmental and Archaeological Sciences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePraise from the reviews:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e\"This book is a must for any Quaternary scientist.\"\u003c\/i\u003e SOUTH AFRICAN GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL, September 2006\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e“…very well organized, clearly and straightforwardly written and provides a good overview on the wide field of Quaternary dating methods\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e…”\u003c\/i\u003e JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE, January 2007\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Dating Methods and the Quaternary 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 The Development of Quaternary Dating 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Precision and Accuracy in Dating 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Atomic Structure, Radioactivity and Radiometric Dating 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 The Quaternary: Stratigraphic Framework and Terminology 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 The Scope and Content of the Book 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Radiometric Dating 1: Radiocarbon Dating 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Basic Principles 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Radiocarbon Measurement 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Beta Counting 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Extending the Radiocarbon Timescale 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Laboratory Intercomparisons 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Sources of Error in Radiocarbon Dating 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Contamination 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Isotopic Fractionation 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Marine Reservoir Effects 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4 Long-Term Variations in 14C Production 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Some Problematic Dating Materials 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Lake Sediments 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Shell 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Bone 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.4 Soil 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Calibration of the Radiocarbon Timescale 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Dendrochronological Calibration 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 The INTCAL Calibration 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 Extending the Radiocarbon Calibration Curve 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.4 Bayesian Analysis and Radiocarbon Calibration 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.5 Wiggle-Match Dating 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Applications of Radiocarbon Dating 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Radiocarbon Dating: Some Routine Applications 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1.1 Dating of plant macrofossils: Lateglacial cereal cultivation in the valley of the Euphrates 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1.2 Dating of charcoal: a Holocene palaeoenvironmental record from western Germany 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1.3 Dating of peat: a Holocene palaeoclimatic record from northern England 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1.4 Dating of organic lake mud: a multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental record from Lake Rutundu, East Africa 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1.5 Dating of marine micropalaeontological records: an example of a problem from the North Atlantic 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1.6 Dating of marine shell: a Holocene aeolianite from Mexico 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1.7 Dating of bone: the earliest humans in the Americas 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2 Radiocarbon Dating of Other Materials 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2.1 Dating of textiles: the ‘Shroud of Turin’ 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2.2 Dating of old documents: the Vinland Map 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2.3 Dating of lime mortar: medieval churches in Finland 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2.4 Dating of hair: radiocarbon dates and DNA from individual animal hairs 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2.5 Dating of iron artefacts: the Himeji nail and the Damascus sword 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2.6 Dating of pottery: the earliest pottery in Japan 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2.7 Dating of rock art: Palaeolithic cave paintings in Spain and France 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Radiometric Dating 2: Dating Using Long-Lived and Short-Lived Radioactive Isotopes 57\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Argon-Isotope Dating 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Principles of Potassium–Argon Dating 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Principles of Argon–Argon Dating 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Some Assumptions and Problems Associated with Potassium–Argon and Argon–Argon Dating 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Some Applications of Potassium–Argon and Argon–Argon Dating 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4.1 Potassium–argon and argon–argon dating of the dispersal of Early Pleistocene hominids 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4.2 40Ar\/39Ar dating of anatomically modern \u003ci\u003eHomo sapiens\u003c\/i\u003e from Ethiopia 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4.3 40Ar\/39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4.4 40Ar\/39Ar dating and geological provenancing of a stone axe from Stonehenge, England 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Uranium-Series Dating 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Principles of U-Series Dating 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Some Problems Associated with U-Series Dating 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Some Applications of U-Series Dating 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3.1 Dating the Last Interglacial high sea-level stand in Hawaii 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3.2 Dating of early hominid remains from China 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3.3 Dating of a speleothem from northern Norway 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3.4 Dating of fluvial terraces in Wyoming, USA 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Cosmogenic Nuclide Dating 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Principles of Cosmogenic Nuclide (CN) Dating 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Sources of Error in CN Dating 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Some Applications of CN Dating 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3.1 Cosmogenic dating of two Late Pleistocene glacial advances in Alaska 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3.2 Cosmogenic dating of the Salpausselkä I formation in Finland 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3.3 Cosmogenic dating of Holocene landsliding, The Storr, Isle of Skye, Scotland 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3.4 Cosmogenic dating of alluvial deposits, Ajo Mountains, southern Arizona, USA 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Dating Using Short-Lived Isotopes 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Lead-210 (210\u003cpb\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Caesium-137 (137Cs) 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Silicon-32 (32Si) 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4 Some Problems in Using Short-Lived Isotopes 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.5 Some Dating Applications Using Short-Lived Isotopes 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.5.1 Dating a record of human impact in a lake sequence in northern England 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.5.2 Dating a 500-year lake sediment\/temperature record from Baffin Island, Canada 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.5.3 32Si dating of marine sediments from Bangladesh 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Radiometric Dating 3: Radiation Exposure Dating 93\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Luminescence Dating 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Thermoluminescence (TL) 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Sources of Error in Luminescence Dating 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Some Applications of Luminescence Dating 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4.1 TL dating of Early Iron Age iron smelting in Ghana 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4.2 TL and AMS radiocarbon dating of pottery from the Russian Far East 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4.3 TL dating of burnt flint from a cave site in France 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4.4 TL dating of the first humans in South America 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4.5 OSL dating of young coastal dunes in the northern Netherlands 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4.6 OSL dating of dune sands from Blombos Cave, South Africa: single and multiple grain data 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4.7 OSL dating of fluvial deposits in the lower Mississippi Valley, USA 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4.8 OSL dating of marine deposits in Denmark 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Electron Spin Resonance Dating 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Principles of ESR Dating 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Sources of Error in ESR Dating 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Some Applications of ESR Dating 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3.1 ESR dating of teeth from the Hoxnian Interglacial type locality, England 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3.2 ESR dating of mollusc shells from the Northern Caucasus and the earliest humans in eastern Europe 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3.3 ESR dating of Holocene coral: an experimental approach 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3.4 ESR dating of quartz: the Toba super-eruption 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Fission Track Dating 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Principles of Fission Track Dating 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Some Problems Associated with Fission Track Dating 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Some Applications of Fission Track Dating 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.1 Fission track dating of glacial events in Argentina 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.2 Fission track dating of a Middle Pleistocene fossiliferous sequence from central Italy 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.3 Dating of obsidian in the Andes, South America, and the sourcing of artefacts 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Dating Using Annually Banded Records 121\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Dendrochronology 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Principles of Dendrochronology 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Problems Associated with Dendrochronology 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Dendrochronological Series 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Applications of Dendrochronology 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4.1 Dating a 2000-year temperature record for the northern hemisphere 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4.2 Dating historical precipitation records 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4.3 Dating volcanic events 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4.4 Dating archaeological evidence 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Varve Chronology 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 The Nature of Varved Sediments 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Sources of Error in Varve Chronologies 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Applications of Varve Chronologies 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.1 Dating regional patterns of deglaciation in Scandinavia 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.2 Dating prehistoric land-use changes 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.3 Dating long-term climatic and environmental changes 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.4 Varve sequences and the radiocarbon timescale 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Lichenometry 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Principles of Lichenometric Dating 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Problems Associated with Lichenometric Dating 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Lichenometry and Late Holocene Environments 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3.1 Dating post-Little Ice Age glacier recession in Norway 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3.2 Dating rock glaciers and Little Ice Age moraines in the Sierra Nevada, western USA 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3.3 Dating Late Holocene rockfall activity on a Norwegian talus slope 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3.4 Dating archaeological features on raised shorelines in northern Sweden 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Annual Layers in Glacier Ice 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Ice-Core Chronologies 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Errors in Ice-Core Chronologies 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Ice Cores and the Quaternary Palaeoenvironmental Record 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3.1 Dating climatic instability as revealed in the Greenland ice cores 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3.2 Dating rapid climate change: the end of the Younger Dryas in Greenland 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3.3 Dating long-term variations in atmospheric Greenhouse Trace Gases 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3.4 Dating human impact on climate as reflected in ice-core records 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Other Media Dated by Annual Banding 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Speleothems 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1.1 Dating a proxy record for twentieth-century precipitation from Poole’s Cavern, England 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1.2 Dating climate variability in central China over the last 1270 years 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Corals 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2.1 Dating a 420-year-coral-based palaeoenvironmental record from the southwestern Pacific 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2.2 Dating a 240-year palaeoprecipitation record from Florida, USA 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3 Molluscs 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.1 The development of a sclerochronology using the long-lived bivalve Arctica islandica 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.2 The development of a ‘clam-ring’ master chronology from a short-lived bivalve mollusc and its palaeoenvironmental significance 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Relative Dating Methods 165\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Rock Surface Weathering 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Surface Weathering Features 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Problems in Using Surface Weathering Features to Establish Relative Chronologies 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Applications of Surface Weathering Dating 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3.1 Relative dating of Holocene glacier fluctuations in the Nepal Himalaya 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3.2 Relative dating of periglacial trimlines in northwest Scotland 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3.3 Relative dating of archaeological features by Lake Superior, Canada 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Obsidian Hydration Dating 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 The Hydration Layer 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Problems with Obsidian Hydration Dating 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Some Applications of Obsidian Hydration Dating 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3.1 Dating of a Pleistocene age site, Manus Island, Papua New Guinea 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3.2 Dating of fluvially reworked sediment in Montana, USA 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Pedogenesis 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Soil Development Indices 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Problems in Using Pedogenesis as a Basis for Dating 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Some Applications of Dating Based on Pedogenesis 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3.1 Relative dating of moraines in the Sierra Nevada, California 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3.2 Dating glacial events in southeastern Peru 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Relative Dating of Fossil Bone 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Post-Burial Changes in Fossil Bone 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Problems in the Relative Dating of Bone 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Some Applications of the Relative Dating of Bone 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3.1 Fluoride dating of mastodon bone from an early palaeoindian site, eastern USA 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3.2 Chemical dating of animal bones from Sweden 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Amino Acid Geochronology 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Proteins and Amino Acids 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Amino Acid Diagenesis 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 Problems with Amino Acid Geochronology 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4 Applications of Amino Acid Geochronology 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4.1 Dating and correlation of the last interglacial shoreline (~MOI substage 5e) in Australia using aminostratigraphy 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4.2 Quaternary aminostratigraphy in northwestern France based on non-marine molluscs 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4.3 Dating the earliest modern humans in southern Africa using amino acid ratios in ostrich eggshell 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4.4 Dating sea-level change in the Bahamas over the last half million years 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Techniques for Establishing Age Equivalence 197\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Oxygen Isotope Chronostratigraphy 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Marine Oxygen Isotope Stages 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Dating the Marine Oxygen Isotope Record 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Problems with the Marine Oxygen Isotope Record 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Tephrochronology 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Tephras in Quaternary Sediments 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Dating of Tephra Horizons 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Problems with Tephrochronology 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Applications of Tephrochronology 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4.1 Dating the first human impact in New Zealand using tephrochronology 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4.2 Dating and correlating events in the North Atlantic region during the Last Glacial–Interglacial transition using tephrochronology 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4.3 Dating Middle Pleistocene artefacts and cultural traditions in East Africa using tephrostratigraphy 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4.4 Dating Early and Middle Pleistocene glaciations in Yukon by tephrochronology 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Palaeomagnetism 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 The Earth’s Magnetic Field 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 The Palaeomagnetic Record in Rocks and Sediments 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Magnetostratigraphy 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3.1 Polarity changes and the palaeomagnetic timescale 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3.2 Secular variations 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3.3 Mineral magnetic potential 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Some Problems with Palaeomagnetic Dating 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.5 Applications of Palaeomagnetic Dating 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.5.1 Dating lake sediments using palaeosecular variations 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.5.2 Palaeomagnetic correlations between Scandinavian Ice Sheet fluctuations and Greenland ice-core records 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.5.3 Palaeomagnetic dating of the earliest humans in Europe 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.5.4 Palaeomagnetic dating of the Sterkfontein hominid, South Africa 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Palaeosols 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 The Nature of Palaeosols 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Palaeosols as Soil-Stratigraphic Units 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Some Problems with Using Palaeosols to Establish Age Equivalence 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.4 Applications of Palaeosols in the Establishment of Age Equivalence 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.4.1 Buried palaeosols on the Avonmouth Level, southwest England: stratigraphic markers in Holocene intertidal sediments 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.4.2 The Valley Farm and Barham Soils: key stratigraphic marker horizons in southeast England 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.4.3 Correlation between the Chinese loess–palaeosol sequence and the deep-ocean core record for the past 2.5 million years 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Dating the Future 237\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Radiometric Dating 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Annually Banded Records 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Age Equivalence 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Biomolecular Dating 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 279\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/pb\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Earth sciences [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Earth sciences\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Earth%20sciences%20%5BRB%5D%22\"\u003eRB\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Brand 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