{"product_id":"plastics-and-environmental-sustainability-hardback-9781118312605","title":"Plastics and Environmental Sustainability (Hardback) 9781118312605","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003ePlastics and Environmental Sustainability\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eAnthony L. Andrady (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9781118312605, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 16 March 2015\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e352 pages\u003cbr\u003e24.3 x 16.4 x 2.3 cm, 0.599 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e“Plastics and environmental sustainability is a fine book, packed with informative data and well worth reading . . . Overall, I enjoyed this book a great deal.”  (\u003ci\u003eChemistry in Australia\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 December 2015)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSurvey’s the issues typically raised in discussions of sustainability and plastics\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eDiscusses current issues not covered in detail previously such as ocean litter, migration of additives into food products and the recovery of plastics\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers post-consumer fate of plastics on land and in the oceans, highlighting the environmental impacts of disposal methods\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDetails toxicity of plastics, particularly as it applies to human health\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePresents a clear analysis of the key plastic-related issues including numerous citations of the research base that supports and contradicts the popularly held notions\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Plastic Materials xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 The Anthropocene 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Energy Futures 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1 Fossil Fuel Energy 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1.1 Oil 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1.2 Coal 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1.3 Gas 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1.4 Nuclear Energy 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2 Renewable Energy 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2.1 Wind Energy 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2.2 Solar Energy 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2.3 Solar Biomass Energy 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Materials Demand in the Future 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Materials of Construction 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Metal Resources 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Critical Materials 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Plastic Materials 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Environmental Pollution 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Classifying Pollution Impacts 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Climate Change and Global Warming 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 A Sustainability Primer 31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 The Precautionary Principle 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Objectives in Sustainability 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Microeconomics of Sustainability: The Business Enterprise 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Models on Implementing Sustainability 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Life Cycle Analysis 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 The Emerging Paradigm and the Plastics Industry 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Examples from Plastics Industry 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1.1 Using the Minimum Energy Needed to Manufacture Products 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1.2 Using the Energy Mix with a Minimal Environmental Footprint 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1.3 Recovering Waste Process Energy for Reuse 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1.4 Using Only as Much Material as Is Needed to Ensure Functionality 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1.5 Using More of Renewable and Recycled Raw Materials 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1.6 Reusing and Recycling Postuse Products 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1.7 Minimizing Externalities at Source: Green Chemistry 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1.8 Avoiding Toxic Components and Potential Hazards Associated with Products and Processes 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1.9 Converting the Pollutants into Resources 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 An Introduction to Plastics 55\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Polymer Molecules 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Size of Polymer Molecules 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Consequences of Long-Chain Molecular Architecture 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Molecular Weight of Chain Molecules 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Tacticity 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Partially Crystalline Plastics 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Chain Branching and Cross-Linking 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Glass Transition Temperature 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Synthesis of Polymers 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Addition or Chain Growth Reaction 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Condensation or Step Growth Reaction 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Copolymers 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Testing of Polymers 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Tensile Properties 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Thermal Properties: DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Thermal Properties: TGA 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Common Plastics 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Polyethylenes 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Polypropylenes 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Polystyrene 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4 Poly(vinyl chloride) 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Plastic Products 83\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Plastics: The Miracle Material 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Plastic Production, Use, and Disposal 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 From Resin to Products 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1.1 Resin Manufacture 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1.2 Compounding 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1.3 Processing into Product 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Processing Methods for Common Thermoplastics 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Injection Molding 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Extrusion 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Blow Molding 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 The Environmental Footprint of Plastics 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Energy Considerations in Resin Manufacture 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Atmospheric Emissions from Plastics Industry 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Plastics Additives 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Fillers for Plastics 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Plasticizers in PVC 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Biopolymer or Bio-Derived Plastics 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Bio-Based Plastics and Sustainability 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Emerging Bio-Based Plastics 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2.1 Bio-PE 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2.2 Bio-PET 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2.3 PLA 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2.4 Poly(Hydroxyalkanoates) 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2.5 Bio-Based Thermosets: PU 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Societal Benefits of Plastics 121\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Transportation Applications of Plastics 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Passenger Cars 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Air and Sea Transport 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Benefits from Plastic Packaging 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Waste Reduction 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Chemical and Microbial Protection 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Plastics in Agriculture 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Building Industry Applications 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Pipes, Conduit, and Cladding 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Extruded PVC Cladding and Window Frames 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Foam Insulation 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Wood–Plastic Composites 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Original Equipment Manufacture (OEM) 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Using Plastics Sustainably 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Degradation of Plastics in the Environment 145\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Defining Degradability 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Chemistry of Light-Induced Degradation 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Light-Initiated Photo-Oxidation in PE and PP 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Embrittlement and Fragmentation 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Temperature and Humidity Effects on Degradation 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Wavelength-Dependent Photodamage 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Testing Plastics for Photodegradability 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Enhanced Photodegradable Polyolefins 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Effects of Photodegradation on Biodegradation 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Biodegradation of Polymers 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Terminology and Definitions 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Biodegradable Plastics 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Testing Readily Biodegradable Plastics 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Biodegradability of Common Polymers 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Additives that Enhance Degradation in Common Polymers 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Degradable Plastics and Sustainable Development 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals 185\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals Used in Plastics Industry 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 BPA {2,2-Bis(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Propane} 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Exposure to BPA 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Effects of Exposure to BPA 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Dose–Response Relationships of BPA 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Safe Levels of BPA 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.5 Contrary Viewpoint on BPA 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.6 Environmental Sustainability and BPA 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Phthalate Plasticizers 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Exposure to Phthalates 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Toxicity of Phthalates 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Environmental Sustainability and Phthalates 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Toxicity of PBDEs 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Environmental Sustainability and PBDE 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Alkylphenols and Their Ethoxylates (APE) 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 EDCs and PET Bottles 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Plastics and Health Impacts 227\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Packaging versus the Contents 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Packaging Milk in HDPE 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Overpackaging 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Package–Food Interactions 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Oxygen and Water Permeability 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Additive Migration and Toxicity 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Residual Monomer in Packaging Resin 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Scalping of Flavor Components 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Styrene and Expanded Polystyrene Food Service Materials 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Exposure to Styrene from Packaging 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Leachate from PET Bottles 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Ranking Common Plastics 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 PVC 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Managing Plastic Waste 255\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Recovery of Waste 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Material Recycling 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Feedstock Recovery 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 Energy Recovery 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste for Feedstock Recovery 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Direct Thermolysis 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Hydrogenation or hydrocracking 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Gasification 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3.1 Thermal Gasification 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3.2 Plasma Arc Gasification 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.4 Feedstock Recycling 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.5 Landfilling 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.6 Plastics Waste Incineration 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.7 Biological Recovery Technologies 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Sustainable Waste Management Choices 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Mechanical Recycling of Plastics 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Recycling: A Sustainable Choice 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Recycling Bottles: Beverage Bottles and Jugs 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Bottle-to-Bottle Recycling 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Open-Loop Recycling 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 Recycling of HDPE 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Designing for Recyclability 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Plastics in the Oceans 295\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Origins of Plastics in the Ocean 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Weathering of Plastics in the Ocean Environment 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Beach (Supralittoral) Zone 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Surface Water Zone 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Deep Water and Sediment Zones 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3.1 Comparison of the Weathering Rates in Different Zones 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Microplastic Debris 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Primary and Secondary Microplastics 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Persistent Organic Pollutant in Microplastics 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Ingestion of Microplastics by Marine Species 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Ocean Litter and Sustainability 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 319\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Chemistry [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Chemistry\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Chemistry%20%5BPN%5D%22\"\u003ePN\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52417765179672,"sku":"9781118312605","price":79.88,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9781118312605.jpg?v=1784507586","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/plastics-and-environmental-sustainability-hardback-9781118312605","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}