{"product_id":"physics-and-technology-of-organic-light-emitting-diodes-hardback-9781394413621","title":"Physics and Technology of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (Hardback) 9781394413621","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003ePhysics and Technology of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eTetsuo Tsutsui (Author), Takeshi Yasuda (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9781394413621, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 30 June 2026\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e336 pages\u003cbr\u003e25.4 x 17.8 x 1.5 cm, 0.68 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNDERSTAND OLED DEVICE PHYSICS FROM CARRIER INJECTION TO LIGHT EMISSION\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePhysics and Technology of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes\u003c\/i\u003e presents the first textbook focused solely on OLEDs built from amorphous organic semiconductors. Two veteran researchers with decades of combined expertise detail device operation mechanisms, from carrier injection through light emission, emphasizing the structure and behavior of multilayer thin-film OLEDs that power modern smartphones, televisions, and AR\/VR displays. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis book combines the latest theoretical and experimental research with rigorous analysis and practical applications, examining exciplexes, tandem OLED devices, carrier pair generation, and molecular orientation effects. Readers explore degradation mechanisms and device lifetime from a physical perspective, along with ultra-stable glass formation via vacuum deposition. Numerical examples and illustrations throughout support deeper understanding of these concepts. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReaders will also explore: \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheoretical foundations paired with practical data connecting academic research to industrial OLED development and manufacturing requirements\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDevice operation mechanisms specific to amorphous glass organic semiconductors aligned with current technological mainstream applications\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePhysical analysis of degradation pathways and device lifetime factors critical for improving OLED reliability and performance\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTandem OLED architectures and carrier pair generation concepts essential for next-generation high-efficiency display designs\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eVacuum deposition techniques for ultra-stable glass formation enabling superior thin-film quality and device characteristics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eEngineers and lab scientists working in OLED development will find authoritative guidance on device physics principles. Graduate students in materials science, applied physics, or electrical engineering gain focused instruction on amorphous organic semiconductor behavior directly applicable to display technology research and development.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeries Editor’s Foreword xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I General Conception 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Operating Mechanism of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: Device Physics and Molecular Chemistry Pictures 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 High-Performance Multilayer OLEDs 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Overview of Each Chapter 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Amorphous Glass Organic Semiconductors Used in OLEDs 11\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Three Categories of Organic Semiconductors 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Inorganic Semiconductors and Amorphous Glass Organic Semiconductors 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 p-Doping and n-Doping 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Large Currents Flowing Through Amorphous Glass Organic Semiconductors 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Physics of Carriers 27\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Carrier Recombination as Space-Charge-Limited Current and Device Operation Characteristics 29\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Langevin Recombination Model and Its Extensions 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Interface-Recombination-Type Device Operation Model for Two-Layer Devices 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Double Injection\/Recombination Model in Single-Layer Devices 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Voltage–Current Density Characteristics of Single-Layer Devices 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Extension to Multilayer Devices 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 The Concept of Carrier Balance and Emission Efficiency 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Carrier Balance in Single-Layer Devices 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Toward Advanced Understanding of Carrier Balance Concept 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Carrier Balance in Multilayer Devices 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Carrier Transport in Amorphous Glass Organic Semiconductors 57\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 The Role of Carrier Mobility in OLED Performance 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Mechanism of Carrier Hopping Transport in Amorphous Glass Organic Semiconductor Thin Films 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Origins of Temperature and Electric Field Dependence of Carrier Mobility 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Gill’s Empirical Formula for Carrier Mobility 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Understanding Hopping Transport Process via Bässler Formalism 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Molecular-Level Understanding Using Marcus Theory 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Fusion of Molecular-Scale Picture and Macroscopic Physical Picture 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.6 Dispersive Carrier Transport and Influence of Traps 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Methods for Measuring Carrier Mobility 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Time-of-Flight Method 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Dark-Injection Transient SCLC Method and Charge Extraction by Linearly Increasing Voltage Method 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Impedance Spectroscopy Method 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 SCLC Method 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Carrier Mobilities of Carrier Transport Materials for OLEDs 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Reliability of Measured Mobilities: The Case of NPB 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Mobilities of Typical Hole- and Electron-Transport Materials 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 What Is Bipolar Carrier Transport? 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Carrier Injection from Electrodes in Amorphous Glass Organic Thin Films 95\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Energy Levels of Amorphous Glass Organic Semiconductors 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Semiconductor Physics-Based and Molecular Orbital-Based Depiction 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Ionization Energy and Electron Affinity of Amorphous Glass Organic Semiconductors 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3 Relationship Between Driving Voltage and Energy Levels in OLEDs 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.4 Energy Levels for Electron and Hole Transport 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Energy Levels at Metal\/Organic Semiconductor and Organic Semiconductor\/Organic Semiconductor Interfaces 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Metal\/Semiconductor Contact: Depiction Using Band Structure 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Metal\/Amorphous Glass Organic Semiconductor Contacts 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Contacts Between Different Amorphous Glass Organic Semiconductors 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Mechanisms of Carrier Injection 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Tunnel Injection Model and Thermionic Emission Model 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Carrier Injection from Metal Electrodes to Localized Levels of Molecules 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Carrier Injection Limited Current and Bulk Limited Current 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Ohmic Carrier Injection from Electrodes to Amorphous Glass Organic Semiconductors 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Mechanisms of Ohmic Carrier Injection 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Ohmic Carrier Injection Using Doped Carrier Transport Layers 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Ohmic Carrier Injection Using Interfacial Electric Dipole Barrier Layers 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Effects of Inserting an Insulating Layer at the Interface 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Physics of Excitons 135\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 From Exciton Generation to Emission 137\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Generation of Excitons by Carrier Recombination 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Singlet and Triplet Excitons 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Room-Temperature Phosphorescence 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Utilization of TTA 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Upper Limit of Singlet Exciton Generation Yield 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.1 Spin Statistics Theory: Upper Limit of TTA Yield 10% 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.2 Spin Statistics Theory Without Quintet States: Upper Limit of TTA Yield 20% 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.3 Excited-State Level Dominant Theory: Upper Limit of TTA Yield 50% 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 External Quantum Efficiency of OLEDs Using TTA 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Upconversion-Type High-Efficiency OLEDs 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Utilization of TADF 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Analysis of TADF Process 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Factors Governing RISC 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Diffusion, Transfer, and Annihilation of Excitons 167\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Elementary Processes of Intermolecular Energy Transfer 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Förster-Type Resonant Energy Transfer 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Dexter-Type Electron Exchange Energy Transfer 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Exciton Diffusion 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Diffusion Length of Singlet Excitons 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Diffusion Length of Triplet Excitons 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Exciton Transfer 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Nonradiative Decay Processes of Excitons 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Nonradiative Thermal Deactivation and Deactivation by Impurities 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Annihilation Through Collisions of Excitons 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Deactivation of Excitons by Collision with Carriers 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Kinetics from Exciton Generation to Annihilation 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV Physics of Advanced OLEDs 189\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Utilization of Exciplexes 191\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 From Discovery of Exciplex to Its Utilization in High-Performance OLEDs 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 CT Complexes Composed of Donor and Acceptor Molecules 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Mechanism of Exciplex Formation 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 OLEDs Using Exciplexes 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Outlook 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Tandem Organic Light-Emitting Diodes and the Concept of Carrier-Pair Generation 209\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Evolution of Tandem OLEDs 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Various Types of Intermediate Connecting Layers Used in Tandem OLEDs 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Mechanisms of Carrier-Pair Generation in the Intermediate Connecting Layer 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Outlook 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Molecular Orientation in Amorphous Glass Organic Thin Films 227\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 How Was the Usefulness of the Molecular Orientation Effect Discovered? 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Single Crystal and Polymer Thin Films 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Organic Amorphous Glass Thin Films 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Analytical Evaluation of Molecular Orientation in Amorphous Glass Organic Thin Films 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Orientation Distribution Function in a Uniaxially Oriented System 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Method for Evaluating Orientation Order Parameter 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Generation Mechanism of Molecular Orientation in ag-OS 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 SOP of PEDs in Amorphous Glass Organic Thin Films 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Discovery of SOP in Vacuum-Deposited Thin Films 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 SOP Expressed by Orientation Distribution Function 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 SOP in OLED Materials 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 SOP and Device Characteristics 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Outlook 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Ultrastable Glass via Vacuum Deposition 255\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 What Is USG? 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Consideration in Terms of Energy Landscape 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Consideration in Terms of Temperature Dependence of Thermodynamic Quantities 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3 Consideration in Terms of Local Molecular Motions 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Formation of USG via Vacuum Deposition 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Indicators of USG Formation 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Relationship Between USG Formation and Molecular Orientation 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Enhancing Device Performance by Using USG 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Improvement in Thermal and Mechanical Properties 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Suppression of Impurity Diffusion and Chemical Reactions 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Improvements in Electronic Properties and Device Performance 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Outlook 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart V Reliability Issue of OLEDs 273\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Degradation Mechanisms and Operational Lifetime 275\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 What Is Driving-Induced Degradation of OLEDs? 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 Extrinsic Factors and Intrinsic Factors 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 Initial Degradation and Long-Term Degradation 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Description of Luminance Decay Curves Using a Simple Degradation Model 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Nonemissive Recombination Site Generation Model 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Exciton-Quenching Site Generation Model 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Phenomenological Analytical Formulation for Describing Luminance Decay Curves 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Exponential Decay Curves 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Stretched Exponential Decay Curves 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Becquerel-Type Decay Curves 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Molecular-Level Considerations of Device Degradation 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Elementary Processes of Degradation Reactions 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Bond Strength and Degradation Reactions 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Challenges for Achieving Long Lifetimes in Blue-Emitting OLEDs 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 301\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Electronics \u0026amp; communications engineering [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Electronics \u0026amp; communications engineering\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Electronics%20\u0026amp;%20communications%20engineering%20%5BTJ%5D%22\"\u003eTJ\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52433833722136,"sku":"9781394413621","price":111.65,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9781394413621.jpg?v=1784854817","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/physics-and-technology-of-organic-light-emitting-diodes-hardback-9781394413621","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}