{"product_id":"phylogenetics-theory-and-practice-of-phylogenetic-systematics-hardback-9780470905968","title":"Phylogenetics; Theory and Practice of Phylogenetic Systematics (Hardback) 9780470905968","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003ePhylogenetics\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eTheory and Practice of Phylogenetic Systematics\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eE. O. Wiley (Author), Bruce S. Lieberman (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9780470905968, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 19 July 2011\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e440 pages\u003cbr\u003e25.6 x 18.3 x 2.8 cm, 0.93 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e“The volume is impressively broad in its coverage of modern systematics, including topics such as nomenclature, curatorial practices, and publication, in addition to the basic principles and methods of phylogenetic inference.”  (\u003ci\u003eThe Quarterly Review of Biology\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 March 2014)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe long-awaited revision of the industry standard on phylogenetics\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSince the publication of the first edition of this landmark volume more than twenty-five years ago, phylogenetic systematics has taken its place as the dominant paradigm of systematic biology. It has profoundly influenced the way scientists study evolution, and has seen many theoretical and technical advances as the field has continued to grow. It goes almost without saying that the next twenty-five years of phylogenetic research will prove as fascinating as the first, with many exciting developments yet to come. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis new edition of \u003ci\u003ePhylogenetics\u003c\/i\u003e captures the very essence of this rapidly evolving discipline. Written for the practicing systematist and phylogeneticist, it addresses both the philosophical and technical issues of the field, as well as surveys general practices in taxonomy. Major sections of the book deal with the nature of species and higher taxa, homology and characters, trees and tree graphs, and biogeography—the purpose being to develop biologically relevant species, character, tree, and biogeographic concepts that can be applied fruitfully to phylogenetics. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book then turns its focus to phylogenetic trees, including an in-depth guide to tree-building algorithms. Additional coverage includes: \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eParsimony and parsimony analysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eParametric phylogenetics including maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhylogenetic classification\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCritiques of evolutionary taxonomy, phenetics, and transformed cladistics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecimen selection, field collecting, and curating\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSystematic publication and the rules of nomenclature\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eProviding a thorough synthesis of the field, this important update to \u003ci\u003ePhylogenetics\u003c\/i\u003e is essential for students and researchers in the areas of evolutionary biology, molecular evolution, genetics and evolutionary genetics, paleontology, physical anthropology, and zoology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface to the Second Edition xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the First Edition xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1. Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogenetic Propositions 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTopics Covered 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerms and Concepts 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisciplines 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganisms and Grouping of Organisms 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogenetic History and Evolution 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttributes of Organisms 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhilosophy and Systematics 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Form of Phylogenetic Hypotheses 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2. Species and Speciation 23\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Is It to Be a Species? 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecies as Kinds 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecies as Sets 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecies as Individuals 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecies Concepts 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProcess-Based Concepts 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Evolutionary Species Concept 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJustifications for the ESC 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariations on the ESC 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProcess-Based Concepts Emphasizing Reproductive Isolation 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogenetic Species Concepts 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome Additional Species Concepts 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSorting through Species Concepts 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpeciation: Modes and Patterns 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAllopartic Speciation 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAllopartic Mode I: Vicariance 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAllopatric Speciation, Mode II Peripatric Speciation 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistinguishing between Allopatric Modes of Speciation 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParapatric Speciation 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSympatric Speciation 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdentifying Modes of Speciation in the Fossil Record 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Evolutionary Species Concept, Speciation, and Ecology 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmpirical Methods for Determining Species Limits 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNontree-Based Methods 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTree-Based Methods 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3. Supraspecific Taxa 66\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcepts of Naturalness and Supraspecific Taxa 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Natural Taxon 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonophyly, Paraphyly and Polyphyly 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHennig’s Concepts Placed in History 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural Higher Taxa as Monophyletic Groups \u003ci\u003esensu \u003c\/i\u003eHennig(1966)\u003ci\u003e 73\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogical Consistency: The Hallmark of Proposed Natural Classifications 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParaphyletic Groups Misrepresent Character Evolution 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParaphyly and Polyphyly: Two Forms of Nonmonophyly 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNode-Based and Stem-Based Monophyly: Same Concept Different Graphs 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4. Tree Graphs 85\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogenetic Trees 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStem-Based Phylogenetic Trees 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNode-Based Phylogenetic Trees 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCyclic Graphs 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCladograms 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNelson Trees in Phylogenetics 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom Nelson Trees to Phylogenetic Trees 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGene Trees 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndividuals versus Sets of Individuals Used in an Analysis 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRepresenting Character Evolution on Trees 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnrooted Trees and Their Relationship to Phylogenetic Trees 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNode Rotation 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Kinds of Tree Terminology 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcepts of Monophyly and Trees 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5. Characters and Homology 107\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Concept of Character 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacter States as Properties 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShared Character States 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistorical Character States as Properties 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAhistorical Kind Properties 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistorical Groups and Natural Kinds 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHomology 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHaszprunar’s Homology Synthesis 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcepts of Homology in Systematics 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogenetic Characters and Phylogenetic Homology: An Overview 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaxic Homologies as Properties of Monophyletic Groups 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransformational Homology: Linking Different Hypotheses of Qualitative Identity in a Transformation Series 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiscovering and Testing Homology 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatterson’s Tests 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimilarity and Remane’s Criteria 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimilarity in Position: Morphology 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimilarity in Position: Molecular Characters 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial or Intrinsic Similarity 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStacking Transformations: Intermediate Forms 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConjunction 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogenetic Homology (Forging Congruence between Hennig’s and Patterson’s Views) 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAvoiding Circularity: How Congruence Works 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorking with Characters 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQualitative versus Quantitative Characters: Avoiding Vague Characters 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMorphometrics and Phylogenetics 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacters, Transformation Series, and Coding 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplex Characters or Separate Characters? 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMissing Data 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHomology and “Presence-Absence” Coding 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6. Parsimony and Parsimony Analysis 152\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParsimony 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParsimony: Basic Principles 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKinds of Parsimony 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassic Hennigian Argumentation 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolarization 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 1. The Phylogenetic Relationships of Leysera 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Posteriori Character Argumentation 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlgorithmic versus Optimality Approaches 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOptimality-Driven Parsimony 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetermining Tree Length 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinding Trees 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRandom Addition Searches 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRearranging Tree Topologies 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Parsimony Ratchet 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimulated Annealing 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOptimizing Characters on Trees 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eACCTRAN Optimization 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDELTRAN Optimization 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary Tree Measures 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 2: Olenelloid Trilobites 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvaluating Support 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing Consensus Techniques to Compare Trees 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistical Comparisons of Trees 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeighting Characters in Parsimony 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Priori Weighting 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeighting by Performance 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeighting by Character Elimination 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeighting: Concluding Remarks 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogenetics Without Transformation? 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7. Parametric Phylogenetics 203\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaximum Likelihood Techniques 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimplicity 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLikelihood in Phylogenetics: An Intuitive Introduction 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLikelihood in Phylogenetics: A More Formal Introduction 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelecting Models 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBayesian Analysis 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterpreting Models in a Phylogenetic Context 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8. Phylogenetic Classification 229\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassifications: Some General Types 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification of Natural Kinds 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistorical Classifications (Systematizations) 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConvenience Classifications 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological Classifications 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConstituents and Grouping in Phylogenetic Classifications 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Linnean Hierarchy 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinition of Linnean Higher Categories 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConventions for Annotated Linnean Classifications 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAncestors in Phylogenetic Classification 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecies and Higher Taxa of Hybrid Origin 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlternative Methods of Classifying in the Phylogenetics Community 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe PhyloCode 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhyloCode Controversies 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStability of Names Relative to Clade Content 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProper Names of Taxa 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Future of Linnean Nomenclature 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlternative “Schools” and Logical Consistency 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9. Historical Biogeography 260\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Distinction between Ecological and Phylogenetic Biogeography and the Importance of Congruence 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHierarchies of Climate and Geological Change and Their Relationship to Phylogenetic Biogeographic Patterns and Processes 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Importance of Vicariance in the Context of Evolutionary Theory 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Importance of “Dispersal” in Phylogenetic Biogeography 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeodispersal: Not Dispersal 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistorical Perspective on Geodispersal and the Cyclical Nature of Oscillations between Vicariance and Geodispersal 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAreas and Biotas 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Area” as It Relates to Phylogenetic Biogeographic Analysis 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Boundaries of Biotic Areas and Comparing the Geographic Ranges of Taxa 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalytical Methods in Phylogenetic Biogeography 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistorical Biogeography Using Modified Brooks Parsimony Analysis 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview of MBPA 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSteps 1 and 2: Fitch Optimization of Area States on a Phylogeny 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArea Distributions 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 3.1: The Vicariance Matrix 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 3.2: The Dispersal Matrix 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSteps 4 and 5: MBPA Analyses and Comparison 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlternative Biogeographic Methods 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Extinction Affects Our Ability to Study Biogeographic Patterns in the Extant Biota 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistical Approaches to Biogeographic Analysis 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTracking Biogeographic Change within a Single Clade 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogeography: Within Species Biogeography 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Biogeography of Biodiversity Crises 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Brief History of the Events Influencing Our Present Concepts of Historical Biogeography 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFundamental Divisions in Biogeography, a Pre-Evolutionary Context, or What Causes Biogeographic Patterns, Vicariance or Dispersal? 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Growing Evolutionary Perspective and the Continued Debate About Vicariance and Dispersal 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10. Specimens and Curation 316\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecimens, Vouchers, and Samples 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Need for Voucher Specimens 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess to Specimens 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevious Literature 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystematic Collections 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess to Specimens in the Age of the Internet 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollecting and Collection Information 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eField Data 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Systematics Collection 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLoans and Exchanges 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCuration 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReceipt of Specimens, Accessing the Collections, and Initial Sorting 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSorting and Identifying 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCataloging 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStorage 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArrangements of Collections 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eType Specimens 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCatalogs 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Is in a Catalog? 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Responsibility of Curators 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Importance of Museum Collections 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegrating Biodiversity and Ecological Data 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Simple Example: Range Predictions 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePredicting Species Invasions 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobal Climate Change 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11. Publication and Rules of Nomenclature 331\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKinds of Systematic Literature 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescriptions of New Species 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRevisionary Studies 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKeys 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFaunistic and Floristic Works 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtlases 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCatalogs 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChecklists 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHandbooks and Field Guides 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaxonomic Scholarship 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogenetic Analyses 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess to the Literature 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiterature in Zoology 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiterature in Botany 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublication of Systematic Studies 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMajor Features of the Formal Taxonomic Work 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eName Presentation 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSynonomies 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaterial Examined 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Diagnosis 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Description 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIllustrations and Graphics 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparisons and Discussion 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistributional Data 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEtymology 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKeys 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndented Key 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBracket Key 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Rules of Nomenclature 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasic Nomenclatural Concepts 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePriority 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrect Name and Valid Name 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSynonyms 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHomonyms 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConserved Names (Nomen conservadum) 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLimits of Priority 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNames and Name Endings 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiterature Cited 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 390\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Biology, life sciences [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Biology, life sciences\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Biology,%20life%20sciences%20%5BPS%5D%22\"\u003ePS\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52173729693976,"sku":"9780470905968","price":90.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9780470905968.jpg?v=1781168872","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/phylogenetics-theory-and-practice-of-phylogenetic-systematics-hardback-9780470905968","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}