{"product_id":"pharmaceutical-calculations-paperback-softback-9781118978511","title":"Pharmaceutical Calculations (Paperback \/ softback) 9781118978511","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003ePharmaceutical Calculations\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eMaria Glaucia Teixeira (Author), Joel L. Zatz (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9781118978511, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003ePaperback \/ softback, published 7 April 2017\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e560 pages\u003cbr\u003e25.4 x 17.8 x 3 cm, 0.816 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRetaining the successful previous editions' programmed instructional format, this book improves and updates an authoritative textbook to keep pace with compounding trends and calculations – addressing real-world calculations pharmacists perform and allowing students to learn at their own pace through examples.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eConnects well with the current emphasis on self-paced and active learning in pharmacy schools\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdds a new chapter dedicated to practical calculations used in contemporary compounding, new appendices, and solutions and answers for all problems\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMaintains value for teaching pharmacy students the principles while also serving as a reference for review by students in preparation for licensure exams\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRearranges chapters and rewrites topics of the previous edition, making its content ideal to be used as the primary textbook in a typical dosage calculations course for any health care professional\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eReviews of the prior edition: \"...a well-structured approach to the topic...\" (Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy) and \"...a perfectly organized manual that serves as a expert guide...\" (Electric Review)\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Review of Basic Mathematical Principles1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1. Significant Figures 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2. Rounding Off 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3. Fractions 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4. Exponents and Powers 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5. Estimation 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6. Units 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7. Ratio 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8. Proportion 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9. Dimensional Analysis 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Systems of Measurement 31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1. Metrology 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2. The Metric System 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3. The English Systems 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1. The Avoirdupois System 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2. The Apothecary or Troy System 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4. Measurement of Weight 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1. Metric Weight 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2. English Weight 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.1. Avoirdupois Weight 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.2. Apothecary Weight 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3. Practical Weight Equivalents 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5. Measurement of Volume 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1. Metric Volume 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2. English Volume 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3. Practical Volume Equivalents 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6. Measurement of Length 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7. Intersystem Relationships 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8. Household Equivalents and Metric Estimation 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Prescriptions and Medication Orders 54\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1. Prescribing Authority 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2. Components 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3. Practices to Prevent Medication Errors 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4. Common Abbreviations 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5. Outpatient Prescription Drug Orders 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1. Prescriptions for Manufactured Drug Products 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2. Prescriptions for Compounded Drug Products 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2.1. Types of Compounded Orders 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2.2.1. Formulation Based on Total Quantity 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2.3.2. Formulation Based on Single Dosage Unit 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6. Inpatient Medication Orders 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7. Interpretation 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8. Calculations to Check “DEA” Numbers 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9. Reducing and Enlarging Formulas 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10. Parts Formulas 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 Weighing and Measuring in Pharmacy Practice 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1. Measurement Errors 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2. Indication of Error 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1. Absolute Error: Indication of Error Based on Maximum Deviation and Significant Figures 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2. Relative Error: Indication of Error Based on Percentage of Estimated Value 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3. Tolerance in Prescription Compounding and Pharmaceutical Manufacturing 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4. Weighing and Measuring 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1. Electronic Balances 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2. Prescription Balances: Class A, Torsion 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.1. Sensitivity Requirement (SR) 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.2. Minimum Weighable Quantity (MWQ) or Least Weighable Quantity (LWQ) 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.3. Percent Error 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3. Volumetric Devices for Pharmaceutical Measurements 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.1. The Meniscus and Effect of Viscosity 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.2. Graduates 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.3. Pipets (Pipettes) 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.4. Syringes 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.5. Droppers 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5. Aliquot Method and Triturations 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1. Solid–Solid Aliquot Method 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2. Solid–Solid Triturations 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3. Liquid–Liquid Aliquots and Triturations 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4. Solid–Liquid Aliquots 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.5. Serial Dilutions 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6. Density 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7. Specific Gravity 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Dosage Calculations 160\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1. Calculations Involving Dose, Size, Number of Doses, Amount Dispensed, and Quanity of a Specific Ingredient in a Dose 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2. Dosage Measured By Drops 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3. Dosage Based on Body Weight 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4. Dosage Based on Body Surface Area (BSA) 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5. Pediatric and Geriatric Dose Calculations 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6. Chemotherapy Dose Calculations 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Drug Concentration Expressions 203\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1. Concentration 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2. Percentage Strength Expressions 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1. Percent Volume-in-Volume 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2. Percent Weight-in-Weight 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3. Percent Weight-in-Volume 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4. Default Rules for Percentage Expressions 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5. Prescriptions and Formulations with Ingredients Listed as Percentage 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.6. Using Specific Gravity to Calculate the Exact Amount of Solvent in a Solution 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.7. Converting % w\/w into %w\/v Using Specific Gravity 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3. Stock Solutions, Concentrates, and Triturations 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4. Saturated Solutions 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5. Ratio Strength Expressions 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1. Ratio Volume-in-Volume 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2. Ratio Weight-in-Volume 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3. Ratio Weight-in-Weight 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6. Other Pharmaceutical Expressions of Drug Concentration 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1. Milligrams Per Milliliter (mg\/mL) 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2. Milligrams Percent (mg%) and Miligrams Per Deciliter (mg\/dL) 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3. Parts Per Million (ppm) and Parts Per Billion (ppb) 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4. Millimols, Milliequivalents, and Milliosmols Per Unit of Volume 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 Dilution and Concentration 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1. Problem-Solving Methodologies 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1. Concentration Principle 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2. Mass Balance Equation 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2.1. Dilution of Powders or Solid Mixtures 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2.2. Mixing Different Strengths 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2.3. Modifying the Drug Concentration of a Prepared Product: Increasing Drug Concentration 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3. The CQ Equation: Concentration X Quantity 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3.1. Expanded CQ Equation 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4. Algebraic Calculations Using the Concentration Equation and the CQ Equation 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.5. Alligation Alternate 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.5.1. Use of Alligation When Combining More Than Two Products 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2. So, Which Method Should I Use? 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1. Stock Solutions Diluted by the Patient 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 Isotonicity 310\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1. Principles 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2. Sodium Chloride Equivalent Values 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3. Isotonicity by the Sodium Chloride Equivalent Method 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1. Sodium Chloride Equivalent: Method 1 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2. Sodium Chloride Equivalent: Method 2 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4. Other Tonicity Agents 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5. Isotonicity When One Ingredient is Already Isotonic 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6. Isotonic Buffered Solutions 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1. Using the White–Vincent Method to Adjust Tonicity 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7. Other Methods 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8. Determination of the Tonicity of a Solution (Hypotonic, Isotonic, or Hypertonic) 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Dosage Calculations of Electrolytes 340\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1. Molarity and Molality 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1. Mols and Millimols 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2. mmol\/mL, mmol\/L 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2. Electrolyte Dissociation, Valence, Equivalent, and Equivalent Weight 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3. Milliequivalents, mEq\/mL, mEq\/L 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1. Problem-Solving Methods for Milliequivalents 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4. Osmolarity (Osmolar Strength) 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1. Milliosmoles and mOsm\/L 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 Calculations for Injectable Medications And Sterile Fluids 378\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1. Reconstitution of Dry Powders 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1. Reconstituting with Volumes Other Than Those on Manufacturer’s Label 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2. Considering Powder Volume 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3. Powders as Compounding Sources of Drugs 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2. Calculations Related to Units\/ml (Insulin, Heparin) and Other Units of Potency 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1. Calculations of Insulin Single Dose and Combinations 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2. Calculations of Heparin Doses 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3. Intravenous Admixtures 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4. Extemporaneous IV Fluids 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5. Flow Rates in Intravenous Sets 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition 413\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1. Screening and Assessment of Nutritional Needs 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1. Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference, and Associated Disease Risks 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2. Assessment of Malnutrition 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2. Enteral Nutrition 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3. Parenteral Nutrition (PN): 2-in-1 and 3-in-1 Formulations 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4. Calculation of Nutritional Requirements 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1. Caloric Requirement Equations 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2. Fluid Requirement 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3. Protein Requirement (Nitrogen) 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.4. Carbohydrate and Fat Requirements 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.5. Micronutrient Requirements (Electrolytes, Vitamins, and Trace Elements) 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5. Calculations for Compounding Parenteral Nutrition 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1. Calculation of Electrolytes 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2. Calculation of Carbohydrate and Fat 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3. Calculation of Protein 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.4. Calculation of Other Additives 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6. Calculations Related to the Design of a PN 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12 Miscellaneous Practical Calculations in Contemporary Compounding 458\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1. Compounding with Manufactured Dosage Forms 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1. Nonsterile Products 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2. Sterile Products 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2. Suppository Calculations 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1. Calibration of Molds 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3. Determination of Amount of Base\/powder Occupied by the Drug(s): Solid Dosage Forms 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1. Density Factor Method 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2. Quantity\/Volume of Base Occupied by Drug (or Density Ratio Method) 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3. Dosage Replacement Factor Method 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4. Lozenges and Lollipops 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1. Lozenge\/Lollipop Mold Calibration 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5. Selecting a Capsule Size 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1. The Rule of Sixes 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2. The Rule of Seven 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3. Volume Occupied by Active Ingredient in a Capsule 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6. Primary Emulsion Calculations (4:2:1 Ratio) 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7. A Little Touch of Veterinary Compounding 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendices 499\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 1 Systems of Measurement 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 2 Chemical Elements and Atomic Weights 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 3 Calibration of Medicinal Dropper 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 4 Solutions Used to Compound PN 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 5 Conversions: Temperature, Time, Proof Strength 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 6 HLB System 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 7 Drug as a Base Versus Salt or Ester 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 8 pH, Buffers, and Buffer Capacity 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 9 Normal Concentration 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 10 Biologics for Immunization 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiterature Consulted 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 531\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Chemistry [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Chemistry\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Chemistry%20%5BPN%5D%22\"\u003ePN\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52173809254680,"sku":"9781118978511","price":63.39,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9781118978511.jpg?v=1781172951","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/pharmaceutical-calculations-paperback-softback-9781118978511","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}