{"product_id":"particle-physics-hardback-9781118911907","title":"Particle Physics (Hardback) 9781118911907","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eParticle Physics\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eBrian R. Martin (Author), Graham Shaw (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9781118911907, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 13 January 2017\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e496 pages\u003cbr\u003e24.9 x 19 x 2.8 cm, 1.179 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn accessible and carefully structured introduction to Particle Physics, including important coverage of the Higgs Boson and recent progress in neutrino physics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eFourth edition of this successful title in the Manchester Physics series\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes information on recent key discoveries including: An account of the discovery of exotic hadrons, byond the simple quark model; Expanded treatments of neutrino physics and CP violation in \u003ci\u003eB\u003c\/i\u003e-decays; An updated account of ‘physics beyond the standard model’, including the interaction of particle physics with cosmology\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdditional problems in all chapters, with solutions to selected problems available on the book’s website\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdvanced material appears in optional starred sections\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEditors’ preface to the Manchester Physics Series xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthors’ preface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Short Course xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes xix\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePhysical  Constants,  Conversion  Factors  and Natural Units xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Some basic concepts 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Antiparticles 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Relativistic wave equations 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Hole theory and the positron 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Interactions and Feynman diagrams 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Basic electromagnetic processes 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Real processes 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Electron–positron pair production and annihilation 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Other processes 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Particle exchange 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Range of forces 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 The Yukawa potential 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 The zero-range approximation 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Units and dimensions 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 1 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Leptons and the weak interaction 24\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Lepton multiplets and lepton numbers 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Electron neutrinos 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Further generations 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Leptonic weak interactions 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 \u003ci\u003eW\u003csup\u003e±\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eZ\u003csup\u003e0\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e exchange 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Lepton decays and universality 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Neutrino masses and neutrino mixing 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Neutrino mixing 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Neutrino oscillations 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Neutrino masses 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Lepton numbers revisited 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 2 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Quarks and hadrons 52\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Quarks 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 General properties of hadrons 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Pions and nucleons 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Strange particles, charm and bottom 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Short-lived hadrons 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Allowed and exotic quantum numbers 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 3 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Experimental methods 77\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Overview 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Accelerators and beams 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Linear accelerators 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Cyclic accelerators 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Fixed-target machines and colliders 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Neutral and unstable particle beams 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Particle interactions with matter 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Short-range interactions with nuclei 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Ionisation energy losses 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Radiation energy losses 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Interactions of photons in matter 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Ranges and interaction lengths 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Particle detectors 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Introduction 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Gaseous ionisation detectors 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Semiconductor detectors 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Scintillation counters 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.5 ˇCerenkov counters and transition radiation 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.6 Calorimeters 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Detector systems and accelerator experiments 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Discovery of the \u003ci\u003eW\u003csup\u003e±\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eZ\u003csup\u003e0\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e bosons 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Some modern detector systems 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Non-accelerator experiments 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 4 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Space–time symmetries 126\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Translational invariance 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Rotational invariance 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Angular momentum conservation 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Classification of particles 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Angular momentum in the quark model 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Parity 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Leptons and antileptons 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Quarks and hadrons 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Parity of the charged pion 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Parity of the photon 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Charge conjugation 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 \u003ci\u003eπ\u003csup\u003e0\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eη \u003c\/i\u003edecays 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Positronium 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Fine structure 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 \u003ci\u003eC\u003c\/i\u003e-parity and annihilations 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Time reversal 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Principle of detailed balance 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Spin of the charged pion 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 5 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 The quark model 155\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Isospin symmetry 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Isospin quantum numbers 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Allowed quantum numbers 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.3 An example: the sigma (Σ) baryons 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.4 The \u003ci\u003eu, d\u003c\/i\u003e quark mass splitting 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 The lightest hadrons 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 The light mesons 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 The light baryons 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Baryon magnetic moments 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Hadron mass splittings 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 The \u003ci\u003eL\u003c\/i\u003e = 0 heavy quark states 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Colour 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Colour charges and confinement 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Colour wavefunctions and the Pauli principle 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Charmonium and bottomonium 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Charmonium 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Bottomonium 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 The quark–antiquark potential 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 6 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 QCD, jets and gluons 193\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Quantum chromodynamics 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 The strong coupling constant 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Screening, antiscreening and asymptotic freedom 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Exotic hadrons 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4 The quark–gluon plasma 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Electron–positron annihilation 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Two-jet events 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Three-jet events 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 The total cross-section 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 7 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Quarks and partons 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Elastic electron scattering: the size of the proton 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Static charge distributions 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Proton form factors 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3 The basic cross-section formulas 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Inelastic electron and muon scattering 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Bjorken scaling 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 The parton model 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Parton distributions and scaling violations 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Inelastic neutrino scattering 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Quark identification and quark charges 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Other processes 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Lepton pair production 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Jets in pp collisions 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Current and constituent quarks 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 8 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Weak interactions: quarks and leptons 248\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Charged current reactions 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 \u003ci\u003eW±\u003c\/i\u003e–lepton interactions 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Lepton–quark symmetry and mixing 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 W boson decays 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.4 Selection rules in weak decays 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 The third generation 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 More quark mixing 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Properties of the top quark 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Discovery of the top quark 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 9 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Weak interactions: electroweak unification 276\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Neutral currents and the unified theory 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 The basic vertices 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 The unification condition and the \u003ci\u003eW±\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eZ\u003csup\u003e0\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e masses 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3 Electroweak reactions 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.4 \u003ci\u003eZ\u003csup\u003e0\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e formation: how many generations are there? 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Gauge invariance and the Higgs boson 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Unification and the gauge principle 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Particle masses and the Higgs field 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Properties of the Higgs boson 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 The discovery of the Higgs boson 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 10 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Discrete symmetries: \u003ci\u003eC, P, CP \u003c\/i\u003eand \u003ci\u003eCPT\u003c\/i\u003e 308\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 \u003ci\u003eP\u003c\/i\u003e violation, \u003ci\u003eC\u003c\/i\u003e violation and \u003ci\u003eCP\u003c\/i\u003e conservation 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Muon decay symmetries 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Left-handed neutrinos and right-handed antineutrinos 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3 Pion and muon decays revisited 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 \u003ci\u003eCP\u003c\/i\u003e violation and particle–antiparticle mixing 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 \u003ci\u003eCP\u003c\/i\u003e eigenstates of neutral kaons 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 The discovery of \u003ci\u003eCP\u003c\/i\u003e violation 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 \u003ci\u003eCP\u003c\/i\u003e-violating \u003ci\u003eK\u003csup\u003e0\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csub\u003eL\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e decays 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Flavour oscillations and the \u003ci\u003eCPT\u003c\/i\u003e theorem 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.5 Direct \u003ci\u003eCP\u003c\/i\u003e violation in decay rates 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.6 \u003ci\u003eB\u003csup\u003e0\u003c\/sup\u003e − B\u003c\/i\u003e\u003csup\u003e0\u003c\/sup\u003e mixing 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.7 \u003ci\u003eCP\u003c\/i\u003e violation in interference 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.8 Derivation of the mixing formulas 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 \u003ci\u003eCP\u003c\/i\u003e violation in the standard model 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 11 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Beyond the standard model 346\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Grand unification 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 Quark and lepton charges 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 The weak mixing angle 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.3 Proton decay 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Supersymmetry 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 The search for supersymmetry 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Strings and things 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Particle physics and cosmology 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Dark matter 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Matter–antimatter asymmetry 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 \u003ci\u003eCP\u003c\/i\u003e violation and electric dipole moments 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 Axions and the strong \u003ci\u003eCP\u003c\/i\u003e problem 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Dirac or Majorana neutrinos? 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 Double beta decay 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 12 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Relativistic kinematics 383\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 The Lorentz transformation for energy and momentum 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2 The invariant mass 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.1 Beam energies and thresholds 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.2 Masses of unstable particles 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3 Transformation of the scattering angle 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems A 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eB Amplitudes and cross-sections 392\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.1 Rates and cross-sections 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2 The total cross-section 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3 Differential cross-sections 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.4 The scattering amplitude 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.5 The Breit–Wigner formula 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.5.1 Decay distributions 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.5.2 Resonant cross-sections 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems B 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eC The isospin formalism 408\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.1 Isospin operators 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.2 Isospin states 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.3 Isospin multiplets 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.3.1 Hadron states 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.4 Branching ratios 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.5 Spin states 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems C 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eD Gauge theories 418\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.1 Electromagnetic interactions 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.2 Gauge transformations 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.3 Gauge invariance and the photon mass 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.4 The gauge principle 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.5 The Higgs mechanism 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.5.1 Charge and current densities 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.5.2 Spin-0 bosons 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.5.3 Spontaneous symmetry breaking 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.6 Quantum chromodynamics 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.7 Electroweak interactions 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.7.1 Weak isospin 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.7.2 Gauge invariance and charged currents 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.7.3 The unification condition 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.7.4 Spin structure and parity violation 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems D 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eE Answers to selected questions 443\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 451\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Physics [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Physics\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Physics%20%5BPH%5D%22\"\u003ePH\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Brand 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