{"product_id":"laques-handbook-of-marine-corrosion-hardback-9781119788836","title":"LaQue's Handbook of Marine Corrosion (Hardback) 9781119788836","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eLaQue's Handbook of Marine Corrosion\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eDavid A. Shifler (Edited by), DA Shifler (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9781119788836, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 29 August 2022\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e752 pages\u003cbr\u003e1 x 1 x 1 cm, 0.454 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe new edition of LaQue's classic text on marine corrosion, providing fully updated control engineering practices and applications\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtensively updated throughout, the second edition of \u003ci\u003eLa Que's Handbook of Marine Corrosion\u003c\/i\u003e remains the standard single-source reference on the unique nature of seawater as a corrosive environment. Designed to help readers reduce operational and life cycle costs for materials in marine environments, this authoritative resource provides clear guidance on design, materials selection, and implementation of corrosion control engineering practices for materials in atmospheric, immersion, or wetted marine environments.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompletely rewritten for the 21st century, this new edition reflects current environmental regulations, best practices, materials, and processes, with special emphasis placed on the engineering, behavior, and practical applications of materials. Divided into three parts, the book first explains the fundamentals of corrosion in marine environments, including atmospheric corrosion, erosion, microbiological corrosion, fatigue, environmental cracking, and cathodic delamination. The second part discusses corrosion control methods and materials selection that can mitigate or eliminate corrosion in different marine environments. The third section provides the reader with specific applications of corrosion engineering to structures, systems, or components that exist in marine environments.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis much-needed new edition:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003ePresents a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the science and engineering aspects of marine corrosion\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFocuses on engineering aspects, descriptive behavior, and practical applications of materials usage in marine environments\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAddresses the various materials used in marine environments, including metals, polymers, alloys, coatings, and composites\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncorporates current regulations, standards, and recommended practices of numerous organizations such as ASTM International, the US Navy, the American Bureau of Shipping, the International Organization for Standardization, and the International Maritime Organization\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten in a clear and understandable style, \u003ci\u003eLa Que's Handbook of Marine Corrosion, Second Edition\u003c\/i\u003e is an indispensable resource for engineers and materials scientists in disciplines spanning the naval, maritime, commercial, shipping industries, particularly corrosion engineers, ship designers, naval architects, marine engineers, oceanographers, and other professionals involved with products that operate in marine environments.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 The Nature of Marine Environments \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBopinder Phull\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Seawater Chemistry 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Chemical Composition of Seawater 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1.1 Role of Ions 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1.2 Dissolved Gases 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1.3 Scale-Forming Compounds 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1.4 Suspended Matter 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1.5 pH 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1.6 Chlorination 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Physical 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Temperature 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Electrolytic Resistivity of Seawater 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Velocity Effects 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Effects of Depth 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.5 Splash and Tidal Zones 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.6 Bottom Sediments 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Biological Effects 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Microorganisms, Biofilms, and Biofouling 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Testing 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Electrochemistry and Forms of Corrosion \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e29\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid A. Shifler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Corrosion Thermodynamics 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Corrosion Kinetics 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Passivity 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Corrosion Mechanistic Modes 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Stray Current Corrosion 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Galvanic Corrosion 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Crevice Corrosion 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.4 Pitting 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.5 Intergranular Corrosion 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.6 Microbiological-Influenced Corrosion 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.7 Dealloying 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.8 Flow-Influenced Corrosion 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Environmentally Induced Cracking 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Stress Corrosion Cracking 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Fatigue and Corrosion Fatigue 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 High-Temperature Corrosion 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Factors Influencing Corrosion 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Atmospheric Corrosion in Marine Environments \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e49\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid G. Enos\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Understanding the Environment (Important Factors) 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Humidity 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Temperature 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Solid and Liquid Contaminants (Salt Particulates, Seawater Aerosol, Dust, etc.) 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Gaseous Contaminants 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Physical Environment 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Basic Electrochemistry of Atmospheric Corrosion 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Corrosion Testing 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Accelerated Testing 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Long-Term Field Testing 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Modeling 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Summary 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Localized Corrosion \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e63\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid A. Shifler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Pitting 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Cast Irons 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Carbon Steels 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Stainless Steels 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Nickel Alloys 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Aluminum Alloys 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.6 Copper Alloys 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.7 Titanium Alloys 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Crevice Corrosion 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Cast Irons 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Carbon Steels 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Stainless Steels 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Nickel Alloys 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Aluminum Alloys 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6 Copper Alloys 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.7 Titanium Alloys 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Intergranular Corrosion 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Cast Irons 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Carbon Steels 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Stainless Steels 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Nickel Alloys 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.5 Aluminum Alloys 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.6 Copper Alloys 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.7 Titanium Alloys 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Dealloying 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Cast Irons 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Carbon Steels 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Stainless Steels 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Nickel Alloys 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.5 Aluminum Alloys 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.6 Copper Alloys 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.7 Titanium Alloys 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Galvanic Corrosion \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e123\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRoger Francis\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Conditions Necessary for Galvanic Corrosion 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Factors Affecting Galvanic Corrosion 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Electrode Potential 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Potential Variability 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Electrode Efficiency 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Electrolyte 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Area Ratio 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.6 Aeration and Flow Rate 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.7 Metallurgical Condition and Composition 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.8 Stifling Effects 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Alloy Groups 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Group 1 Alloys 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Group 2 Alloys 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Group 3 Alloys 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Group 4 Alloys 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Marine Atmospheres 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Factors Affecting Atmospheric Corrosion 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Materials Compatibility 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Atmospheric Variability 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.4 Tropical Atmospheres 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Methods of Prevention 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Materials 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Insulation and Separation 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3 Painting\/Coatings 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.4 Cathodic Protection (CP) 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.5 Inhibitors 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Design 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 The Effects of Turbulent Flow on Corrosion in Seawater \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e155\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eK. Daniel Efird\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Evaluating Flow Effects 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 The Basics of Turbulent Flow and Corrosion 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 The Nature of Turbulent Flow 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Disturbed Flow 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Erosion-Corrosion 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Cavitation Corrosion 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Flow Effects for Specific Materials 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Carbon and Low Alloy Steels and Cast Irons 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Copper Alloys 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Passive Alloys 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Flow Effects in Specific Facility Applications 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.A Wall Shear Stress and Mass Transfer Coefficient Defined 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.A.1 Wall Shear Stress 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.A.2 Mass Transfer Coefficient 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.A.3 Interrelationship of Mass Transfer Coefficient and Wall Shear Stress 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.B University of Tulsa Erosion Model 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Biological Fouling and Corrosion Processes \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e173\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBrenda J. Little and Jason S. Lee\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Development of Marine Fouling 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Microfouling 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Macrofouling 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Influence of Marine Fouling on Corrosion 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Corrosion Mechanisms Related to Generic Properties of Fouling Organisms 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1.1 Oxygen Concentration Cells 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1.2 Ennoblement 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1.3 Galvanic Corrosion 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Reactions Attributed to Specific Groups of Bacteria and Archaea 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2.1 Sulfate Reduction 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2.2 Sulfide Reactions with Specific Metals 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2.3 Acid Production 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2.4 Microbial Oxidation\/Reduction of Iron 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Diagnosis 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Control and Prevention 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Coatings 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Biocidal Treatments 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Cathodic Protection 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.4 Deoxygenation 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.5 Flow 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Commentary 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Marine Biofouling \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e191\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSimone Dürr, Robert Edyvean, and Eleanor Ramsden-Lister\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 What Is Biofouling? 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Development of Biofouling on New Artificial Surfaces 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Macromolecules (Conditioning Film) 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Bacteria 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Diatoms, Protozoans 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Larvae and Spores 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Established Biofouling Communities 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 The Effect of Biofouling on the Corrosion of Metals in the Marine Environment 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Past and Present Antifouling Strategies on Metals Used in the Marine Environment 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Tributyltin (TBT) Self-Polishing Copolymer Paints 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Controlled Depletion Polymers (CDPs)\/Self-Polishing Containing Biocides and Booster Biocides 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 Foul Release Coatings 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4 Electrochemical Control 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.5 Electrochlorination 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.6 Ultrasonics for Antifouling 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.7 Mechanical Cleaning and Prevention 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.8 Enzymes 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.9 Biomimetics and Bioinspiration 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Conclusion 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Environmentally Enhanced Fatigue \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e215\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJames Burns\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Precorrosion Effects 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Loading Environment Effects 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Crack Initiation 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Crack Propagation 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Aluminum 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Titanium 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 Steel 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Effect of Corrosion Mitigation Techniques on Fatigue 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Conclusion 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Effects of Stress – Environment Assisted Cracking \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e239\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJohn R. Scully\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 High-Strength Steels 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Physical Metallurgy 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 General Susceptibility Trends 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Dependence on Applied Potential 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Stainless Steels 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Physical Metallurgy 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 General Susceptibility Trends 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Dependence on Applied Potential 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Precipitation Hardened Stainless Steels 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Physical and Mechanical Metallurgy of Precipitation Hardened Stainless Steel 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 General Susceptibility Trends 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Effect of Applied Potential 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Titanium Alloys 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Physical Metallurgy 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 General Susceptibility Trends 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Effect of Potential 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 High-Strength Aluminum Alloys 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Physical Metallurgy 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 General Susceptibility Trends 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3 Effects of Potential 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Nickel Base Alloys 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 Physical Metallurgy 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.2 General Susceptibility Trends 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.2.1 Effects of Applied Potential 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Copper, Copper Alloys, and Aluminum Bronze Alloys 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.1 Physical Metallurgy 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.2 General Susceptibility Trends 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Magnesium Alloys 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.1 Physical Metallurgy 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.2 General Susceptibility Trends and Effects of Potential 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Cathodic Delamination \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e291\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eThomas Ramotowski\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Mechanisms for Cathodic Delamination 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Cathodic Delamination Mitigation Strategies 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 High Temperature Corrosion in Marine Environments \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e301\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid A. Shifler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 High Temperature Corrosion and Degradation Processes 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Boilers 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Diesel Engines 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Gas Turbine Engines 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 High-Temperature Coatings 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Factors Affecting Operational Life 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Incinerators 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Fuels 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Design for Corrosion Control in Marine Environments \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e335\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid A. Shifler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 General Design Approach 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Corrosion Control Design Choices for Marine Structures 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Materials 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Organic Coatings 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Metallic Coatings 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.4 Cathodic Protection 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.5 Inhibitors 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Structural Designs that Minimize Corrosion 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Inspection to Evaluate Conformance to Design, Repair Criteria 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Ship Design in Marine Environments 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1 Military Ships and Assets 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.2 Commercial Ship Design 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.3 Cruise Ship Design 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Offshore Structural Design in Marine Environments 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Summary 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShips 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOffshore Structures 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Modeling of Marine Corrosion Processes \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e355\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJason S. Lee, David G. Enos, Roger Francis, Sean Brossia, and David A. Shifler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Computational Approaches 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Assumptions in Modeling 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Galvanic Corrosion 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Localized Corrosion 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.1 Crevices 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.2 Cracks 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.3 Pitting 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.4 Intergranular Corrosion 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 General Corrosion 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Atmospheric Corrosion Models 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.1 Holistic Atmospheric Corrosion Model 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.2 GILDES Model 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Cathodic Protection 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9 Recent Modeling Advances 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9.1 Future Directions of DFT 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10 Limitations and Future Needs 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.11 Summary 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Marine Corrosion Testing \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e379\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid A. Shifler and David G. Enos\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Corrosion Test Planning 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Types of Corrosion Testing 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Laboratory Testing 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Salt Spray\/Salt Fog Testing 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2.1 Types of Salt Spray Environments 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2.2 Limitations of Salt Spray Testing 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 Mixed Flowing Gas (MFG) Exposure Testing 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.4 Immersion Testing 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.5 Electrochemical Testing 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.5.1 Direct Current Electrochemical Methods 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.5.2 Nondestructive Electrochemical Methods 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.6 High Velocity Flow Testing 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.7 Environmental Cracking Test Methods 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.8 High Temperature Testing – Burner-Rigs 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.9 Molten Salt Tests 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.9.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.10 Microbiological Tests 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Field Evaluation 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 In-Service Testing 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1.1 Simulated Service Testing 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Standards for Seawater Testing 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Nonmetallic Materials in Marine Service \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e421\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWayne Tucker\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Selection and Application 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1 Material Definitions 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.2 Resistance to Environmental Factors 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.3 Mechanical and Physical Properties 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Wood 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1 Introduction 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.2 Degrading Factors 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Plywood and Other Wood Composites 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Concrete 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.1 Introduction 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.2 Marine Environmental Effects 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.3 Protection of Reinforced Concrete 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.4 Epoxy Coated Rebars (ECR) 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.5 Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.6 Repairs 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Polymers 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.1 Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRPs) 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.2 Environmental Effects 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.3 Fatigue of Marine Composites 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.4 Microbial Degradation 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.5 Ceramics and Glass 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Electronics and Electrical Equipment in a Marine Environment \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e441\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJames A. Ellor\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Primary Corrosion Phenomena in a Marine Environment 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1 Types of Corrosion 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1.1 Galvanic Corrosion 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1.2 Electrolytic Corrosion 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1.3 Electrochemical Migration 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Protection from the Environment 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1 Conformal Coatings 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.2 Enclosures 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.3 Hermetic Seals 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.4 Dehumidification 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.5 Corrosion Inhibitors 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.6 Water-Displacing Compounds 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Corrosion Testing for Electronics in a Marine Environment 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Conclusions 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Structural Alloys in Marine Service \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e453\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid A. Shifler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Cast Irons 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1.1 Cast Iron Metallurgy 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1.2 Cast Iron Corrosion Behavior 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Carbon Steels 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1 Carbon Steel Chemistries 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1.1 Effects of Alloying Additions 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.2 Surface Oxides\/Corrosion Products 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.3 Heat Treating 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.4 Marine Steels 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Stainless Steels 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1 Stainless Steel Types 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1.1 Austenitic Stainless Steels 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1.2 Ferritic Stainless Steels 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1.3 Martensitic Stainless Steels 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1.4 Duplex Stainless Steels 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1.5 Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steels 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.2 Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steels 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.3 Marine Uses of Stainless Steels 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Nickel and Nickel Alloys 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.1 Corrosion Resistant Nickel and Nickel Alloys 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.2 High-temperature Nickel Alloys – Superalloys 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.1 Aluminum Alloy Familites 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.2 Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloys 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.3 Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum Alloys 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Copper and Copper Alloys 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6.1 General Corrosion and Mechanical Properties 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6.2 Bronze Alloys 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6.3 Brasses 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6.4 Copper–Nickel Alloys 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Titanium and Titanium Alloys 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7.1 Chemistry and Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7.2 General Corrosion Behavior 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8 Factors Affecting Alloy Corrosion Behavior in Marine Service 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8.1 Surface Properties and Processes 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8.1.1 Passivity 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8.2 Material Bulk Properties 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8.3 Joining Effects on Materials 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8.4 Cathodic Protection 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Reading and References 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Marine Coatings \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e527\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eCharles G. Munger, Louis Vincent, and David A. Shifler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Characteristics of a Ideal Marine Coating 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Coating Degradation and Failures 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Surface Preparation 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Coating Inspection, Selection, and Application for Controlling Corrosion 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Coatings for Marine Service 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6.1 Metallized Coatings 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6.1.1 Metal-Containing Primers 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6.1.2 Cadmium Plating 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6.1.3 Cadmium Options 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6.2 Organic Coatings 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6.2.1 Coating Thickness Measurements 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7 Types of Coatings for Marine Vessels 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.1 Conversion Coatings 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.1.1 Hexavalent Chromate Conversion Coatings 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.1.2 Hexavalent Chromate Alternatives 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.1.3 Phosphate Coatings 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.2 Organic Coatings and Nanocomposites 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.3 Shop Primers 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.4 Universal Primers 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.5 Zinc-Rich Coatings 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.6 Organic Primers 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.7 Tie-Coats 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.8 Abrasion Resistant Coatings 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.9 Cargo Tank Linings 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.9.1 Tank Lining Chemical Resistance 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.10 Bilge Coatings 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.11 Ballast Tank Linings 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.12 Cofferdam and Void Coatings 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.13 Potable Water Tank Linings 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.14 Cosmetic Finishes – Topside Area and Interior Living and Working Spaces 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.15 Deck Coatings – Including Heli-Deck Surfaces 560\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.16 Hull Coatings – Freeboard Area 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.17 Maintenance Painting Programs 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.8 Offshore Structures 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Biofouling Control \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e573\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid A. Shifler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 The Nature of Biofouling 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Fouling Effects on Ships 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.1 Control of Biofouling 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.1.1 Biocidal Antifoulant Coatings 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Non-biocidal Antifoulant Methods and Coatings 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Maintenance, Monitoring, and Testing 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 587\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Cathodic Protection \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e593\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJames A. Ellor, David A. Shifler, and Robert A. Bardsley\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Theory 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Reference Cells 596\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Methods of Applying Cathodic Protection 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3.1 Cathodic Protection Using Sacrificial Anodes 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3.2 Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) 600\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3.2.1 Impressed Current Anodes Materials 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3.2.2 Sacrificial Anodes 602\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3.2.3 Impressed Current Cathodic Protection 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Design Basics 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4.1 Calcareous Deposits and Impacts on Protection Criteria 605\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4.2 Polarization Characteristics Over Time 607\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4.3 Design Using Physical Scale Modeling 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4.4 Computer-Assisted Design 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4.5 Protective (Dielectric) Shields 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4.6 Protection Current Requirements 610\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4.7 Polarization Potential Criteria of Protection 611\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4.8 Automated Control Systems 611\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 Cathodic Protection in Marine Service 612\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5.1 Small Boats and Large Commercial and Marine Vessels 612\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5.2 Offshore Structures 615\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5.3 Bridges, Wharves, and Jetties 617\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5.4 Marine Pipelines 621\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 Concerns with the Use of Cathodic Protection 623\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6.1 Corrosion\/Cathodic Protection Monitoring 624\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 626\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Corrosion Monitoring in Seawater \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e633\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSean Brossia\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Introduction 633\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Electrochemical Methods 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2.1 Linear Polarization Resistance 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2.2 Potential Measurements 636\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2.3 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy 637\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2.4 Electrochemical Noise 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2.5 Electrochemical Frequency Modulation 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2.6 Wirebeam\/Multielectrode Array Methods 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Non-Electrochemical Methods 644\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Challenges 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Applications 648\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6 Summary and Conclusions 649\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 650\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Marine Fasteners \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e653\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid A. Shifler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Introduction 653\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Failure Modes 654\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 General Fastener Design 655\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Fastener Materials Selection 656\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4.1 Standards and Specifications 656\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4.2 Low-Alloy Steels 659\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4.3 Stainless Steels 659\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4.4 Aluminum Alloys 659\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4.5 Copper Alloys 660\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4.6 Nickel Alloys 660\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4.7 Titanium Alloys 660\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5 Fastener Behavior Above the Waterline 661\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.6 Fastener Behavior in Submerged, Below the Waterline 661\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.7 Corrosion Protection for Fasteners 662\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 663\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 666\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 Marine and Offshore Piping Systems \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e667\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid A. Shifler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Piping Systems 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1.1 Bilge System 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1.2 Ballast System 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1.3 Firefighting Systems 668\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1.4 Drainage Systems 668\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1.5 Fresh-Water Systems 668\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1.6 Fuel and Flammable Liquid Piping 668\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1.7 Ventilation Systems – Ships 669\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1.8 Hydrocarbon Piping (Oil and Gas) 669\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1.9 Vent System – Offshore 669\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1.10 Flare System 669\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1.11 Firewater Utility Piping 669\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1.12 Risers 670\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1.13 Subsea Piping 670\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Piping System Design 671\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Materials Selection 672\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4 Failure Modes of Piping Systems 674\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4.1 Uniform Corrosion 674\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4.2 Pitting and Crevice Corrosion 675\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4.3 Galvanic Corrosion 677\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4.4 Abrasion 681\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4.5 Erosion and Erosion Corrosion 681\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4.6 Variable Temperature Swings 684\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4.7 Wear and Impact 684\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4.8 Fatigue 685\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4.9 Water Hammer 685\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5 Corrosion Control Methods 686\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 686\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 689\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25 Corrosion Control and Preservation of Historic Marine Artifacts \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e691\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid A. Shifler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 Introduction 691\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2 Basic Conservation Procedures 694\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2.1 Laboratory Conservation Procedures 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3 Degradation, Corrosion, and Conservation of Marine Artifacts 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3.1 Corrosion and Conservation of Ferrous Alloys 696\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3.2 Corrosion and Conservation of Other Metals and Alloys 700\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3.2.1 Corrosion and Conservation of Copper Artifacts 701\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3.2.2 Corrosion and Conservation of Silver Artifacts 701\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3.3 Corrosion and Conservation of Lead, Tin, Pewter 702\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 703\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 705\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarine Archaeology Conservation 705\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 707\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Mechanical engineering \u0026amp; materials [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Mechanical engineering \u0026amp; materials\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Mechanical%20engineering%20\u0026amp;%20materials%20%5BTG%5D%22\"\u003eTG\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52174346027288,"sku":"9781119788836","price":163.89,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9781119788836.jpg?v=1781174047","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/laques-handbook-of-marine-corrosion-hardback-9781119788836","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}