{"product_id":"ions-in-solution-and-their-solvation-hardback-9781118889145","title":"Ions in Solution and their Solvation (Hardback) 9781118889145","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eIons in Solution and their Solvation\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eYizhak Marcus (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9781118889145, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 27 July 2015\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e312 pages\u003cbr\u003e24.1 x 16 x 2.3 cm, 0.558 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book starts with an exposition of the relevant properties of ions and continues with a description of their solvation in the gas phase. The book contains a large amount of factual information in the form of extensive tables of critically examined data and illustrations of the points made throughout. It covers:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003ethe relevant properties of prospective liquid solvents for the ions\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ethe process of the transfer of ions from the gas phase into a liquid where they are solvated\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003evarious aspects of the solutions of the ions, such as structural and transport ones and the effects of the ions on the solvent dynamics and structure\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ewhat happens in cases where the solvent is a mixture selective solvation takes place\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eapplications of the concepts expounded previously in fields such as electrochemistry, hydrometallurgy, separation chemistry, biophysics, and synthetic methods\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 The Significance and Phenomenology of Ions in Solution 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 List of Symbols and Abbreviations 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Ions and Their Properties 10\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Ions as Isolated Particles 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Bare Ions 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Ions in Clusters 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Sizes of Ions 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Ions in Solution 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Thermodynamics of Ions in Aqueous Solutions 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.1 Heat Capacities of Aqueous Ions 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.2 Entropies of Aqueous Ions 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.3 Enthalpies of Formation of Aqueous Ions 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.4 Gibbs Energies of Formation of Aqueous Ions 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.5 Ionic Molar Volumes in Aqueous Solutions 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Other Properties of Aqueous Ions 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.1 Ionic Conductivities in Aqueous Solutions 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.2 Ionic Self]Diffusion in Aqueous Solutions 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.3 Ionic Effects on the Viscosity 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.4 Ionic Effects on the Relaxation of NMR Signals 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.5 Ionic Dielectric Decrements 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.6 Ionic Effects on the Surface Tension 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Solvents for Ions 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Solvent Properties that Suit Ion Dissolution 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Physical Properties of Solvents 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Volumetric Properties 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Thermodynamic Properties 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Electrical, Optical, and Magnetic Properties 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Transport Properties 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Chemical Properties of Solvents 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Structuredness 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Solvent Properties Related to their Ion Solvating Ability 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.1 Polarity 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.2 Electron Pair Donicity and Ability to Accept a Hydrogen Bond 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.3 Hydrogen Bond Donicity and Electron Pair Acceptance 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.4 Softness 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Solvents as Acids and Bases 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Miscibility with and Solubility in Water 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Windows 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Properties of Binary Aqueous Cosolvent Mixtures 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Physical Properties of Binary Aqueous Mixtures with Cosolvents 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1.1 Thermodynamic Properties of the Mixtures 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1.2 Some Electrical, Optical, and Transport Properties of the Mixtures 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Chemical Properties of Binary Aqueous Mixtures with Cosolvents 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2.1 Structuredness 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2.2 Properties Related to the Ion Solvating Ability 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Ion Solvation in Neat Solvents 107\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 The Solvation Process 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Thermodynamics of Ion Hydration 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Gibbs Energies of Ion Hydration 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1.1 Accommodation of the Ion in a Cavity 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1.2 Electrostatic Interactions 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Entropies of Ion Hydration 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Enthalpies of Ion Hydration 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Transfer Thermodynamics into Nonaqueous Solvents 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Selection of an Extra]Thermodynamic Assumption 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Thermodynamics of Transfer of Ions into Nonaqueous Solvents 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.1 Gibbs Energies of Transfer 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.2 Enthalpies of Transfer 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.3 Entropies of Transfer 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.4 Ionic Heat Capacities in Nonaqueous Solvents 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.5 Ionic Volumes in Nonaqueous Solvents 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 The Structure of Solvated Ions 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Hydration Numbers from Diffraction Studies 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Hydration Numbers from Computer Simulations 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Hydration Numbers from Bulk Properties 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Solvation Numbers in Nonaqueous Solvents 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 The Dynamics of Solvated Ions 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 The Mobility of Ions in Solution 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Rate of Solvent Exchange Near Ions 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Acid\/Base Properties of Ions in Solution 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Mutual Effects of Ions and Solvents 156\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Ion Effects on the Structure of Solvents 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Experimental Studies of Ion Effects on the Structure of Solvents 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1.1 Self]diffusion of Water Molecules 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1.2 Viscosity B]Coefficients 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1.3 NMR Signal Relaxation 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1.4 Dielectric Relaxation 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1.5 Vibrational Spectroscopy 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1.6 X]Ray Absorption and Scattering 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1.7 Structural Entropy 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1.8 Transfer from Light to Heavy Water 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1.9 Internal Pressure 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1.10 Some Other Experimental Results 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Computer Simulations of Ion Effects on the Structure of Solvents 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Ion Effects on the Dynamics of the Solvent 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Mean Residence Times of Solvent Molecules Near Ions 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Experimental Studies of Ion Effects on the Solvent Orientation Dynamics 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.1 Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.2 High]frequency Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.3 NMR Relaxation Times 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Computer Simulations of Reorientation Times 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Solvent Effects on the Properties of Ions in Solution 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Bulk Properties 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Molecular Properties 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Ions in Mixed Solvents 193\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Ion Transfer into Solvent Mixtures 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Properties of Ions in Solvent Mixtures 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Thermodynamic Properties of Ions in Mixed Solvents 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Transport Properties of Ions in Mixed Solvents 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Preferential Solvation of Ions 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Spectroscopic Studies 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Results from Thermodynamic Data 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.1 The QLQC Method 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.2 The IKBI Method 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.3 Treatments Based on Stepwise Solvent Replacements 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Interactions of Ions with Other Solutes 219\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Ion–Ion Interactions 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Activity Coefficients of Electrolyte Solutions 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Ion Hydration Related to Ion–Ion Interactions 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Ion Association 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Electrostatic Theory of Ion Association 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1.1 Activity Coefficients of Neutral Ion Pairs 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Methods for Studying Ion Association 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Thermodynamic Quantities Pertaining to Ion Association 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Aggregation of Ions in Solutions 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Salting]in and Salting]out 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Empirical Setschenow Constant Data 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Interpretation of Salting Phenomena 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Applications of Solutions of Ions 247\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Applications in Electrochemistry 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Batteries and Supercapacitors 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Solvent]Independent pH and Electrode Potential Scales 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Applications in Hydrometallurgy 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Applications in Separation Chemistry 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Solvent Extraction of Alkali Metal Cations 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Solvation of Ionizable Drug Molecules 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Applications to Chemical Reaction Rates 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Solvated Ions in Biophysical Chemistry 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 The Hofmeister Series 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1.1 The Anion Hofmeister Series 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1.2 The Cation Hofmeister Series 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1.3 Interpretation of the Hofmeister series 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Water Structure Effects of Ions 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 Some Aspects of Protein Hydration 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthor Index 000\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubject Index 000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Chemistry [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Chemistry\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Chemistry%20%5BPN%5D%22\"\u003ePN\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Brand 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