{"product_id":"introduction-to-humans-in-engineered-systems-hardback-9780470548752","title":"Introduction to Humans in Engineered Systems (Hardback) 9780470548752","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eIntroduction to Humans in Engineered Systems\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eRoger Remington (Author), Charles L. Folk (Author), Deborah A. Boehm-Davis (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9780470548752, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 16 October 2012\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e408 pages\u003cbr\u003e24.1 x 19.7 x 2.4 cm, 0.826 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFully up-to-date coverage of human factors engineering—plus online access to interactive demonstrations and exercises\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEngineering accomplishments can be as spectacular as a moon landing or as mundane as an uneventful drive to the local grocery store. Their failures can be as devastating as a plane crash or a massive oil spill. Over the past decade, psychologists and engineers have made great strides in understanding how humans interact with complex engineered systems—human engineering.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eIntroduction to Humans in Engineered Systems\u003c\/i\u003e provides historical context for the discipline and an overview of some of the real-world settings in which human engineering has been successfully applied, including aviation, medicine, computer science, and ground transportation. It presents findings on the nature and variety of human-engineering environments, human capabilities and limitations, and how these factors influence system performance. Important features include:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eContents organized around the interaction of the human operator with the larger environment to guide the analysis of real-world situations\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eA web-based archive of interactive demonstrations, exercises, and links to additional readings and tools applicable to a range of application domains\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eWeb content customizable for focus on particular areas of study or research\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Historical Perspective 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Natural and Engineered Systems 7\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePurposeful Design 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUser-Centered Design 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign against Failure 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Historical Roots 14\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEngineering for Physical Limitations 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSize 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrength 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpeed and Efficiency 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEngineering for Human Cognition 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWriting 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber Systems 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint-and-Click Interfaces 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Modern Era 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAviation 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Digital Computer 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Fractured Field 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman Factors\/Ergonomics 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman-Computer Interaction 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman-Systems Integration 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 The Current Practice 37\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAerospace 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Human-System Specialist in Aerospace 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedicine 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Human-System Specialist in Medicine 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutomotive Industry 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Human-System Specialist in the Automotive Industry 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputer Industry 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Human-System Specialist in Human-Computer Interfaces 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II The Environment 49\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 The Varied Nature of Environments 53\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatic vs. Dynamic Domains 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources of Difficulty in Static Environments 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModes 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComprehension 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources of Difficulty in Dynamic Environments 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLag 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlant Dynamics 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl Order 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerturbation and Noise 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal vs. External Pacing 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eError Tolerance 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 The Social Context 71\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethodological Consequences of Group Size 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLength\/Variability of Response Times 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethods of Study and Analysis 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommunication and Coordination Consequences of Group Size 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Analysis Techniques 81\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModeling Static Environments: Finite State Representations 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModeling Dynamic Environments 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl Theory 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSignal Detection Theory 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTask Analysis 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasuring Complexity Using Information Theory 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModeling Throughput Using Queuing Theory 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III The Human Element 101\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Determinants of Human Behavior 105\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Human Factor 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructure and Content 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevels of Analysis 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 The Structure of Human Information Processing 113\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProcessing Stages 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognition and Action 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognition and Goal-Directed Behavior 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResponse Selection 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Hick-Hyman Law 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompatibility 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Nature of Capacity Limitations 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Acquiring Information 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensory Processing 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVision 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIllumination 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReflectance of the Surface 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReflectance of Surrounding Surfaces 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomy of the Eye 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVisual Acuity 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcuity and Retinal Eccentricity 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdaptation 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSaccadic Eye Movements 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemporal Vision 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMasking and Crowding 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe What and Where of Vision 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColor Vision 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCIE Color Space 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Uses of Color 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAudition 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Human Auditory System 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuditory Perception 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePitch, Masking, and Critical Bands 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuditory Localization 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuditory-Visual Cross-Modal Interactions 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensory Processing Summary 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttention 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelective Attention 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Cocktail Party Phenomenon and Echoic Memory 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIconic Memory in Vision 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResource and Data Limits 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Capacity of Attention 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Processing of Unattended Items 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControlling Attention 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVisual Search 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVisual Monitoring 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformation Foraging Theory 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Central Processing Limitations on Multitasking 181\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBottleneck Theories 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCentral Bottleneck Theory 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Psychological Refractory Period Paradigm 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCentral Bottleneck Theory and Driving 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCentral Bottleneck Theory and Human-Computer Interaction 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFitts’ Law 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProject Ernestine 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCapacity Theories 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplexity in Resource Allocation 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAllocation of Limited-Capacity Resources 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple Resource Theory 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing Multiple Resource Theory 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications of Single-Channel and Multiple Resource Theories 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTimesharing 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTask-Switching Costs 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognitive Operations in Task Switching 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTimesharing Strategies and the Control of Processing 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpeed-Accuracy Trade-Off 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOptimal Strategies 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Memory 210\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Memories 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Term Memory 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorking Memory 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong-Term Memory 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpisodic versus Semantic Memory 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetaining and Forgetting Information 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterference 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForgetting to Remember to Remember: Prospective Memory 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetrieving Information 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Term Memory Retrieval 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong-Term Memory Retrieval 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Decision Making 236\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomy of a Decision 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNormative Approaches to Decision Making 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRational Decisions 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBayes Theorem 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUtility and Expected Value 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNonoptimality of Human Decisions 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFailure to Consider Base Rate Information 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJudging Numerical Quantities 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFailure to Appreciate Statistical Properties 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognitive Approaches to Decision Making 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfirmation Bias 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFraming Effects 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverconfidence 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeuristics in Human Decisions 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAvailability 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRepresentativeness 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnchoring 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Use of Heuristics 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Influences on Decision Making 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProcess Models of Human Decision Making 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNaturalistic Decision Making 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelationship between Decision-Making Models and Systems Engineering 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV Human-System Integration 267\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 A Case Study in Human-System Performance: The Exxon Valdez 271\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn Account of the Grounding of the Tankship Exxon Valdez 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Nature of the Error 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMode Errors 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl Dynamics and Detection Times 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTime Estimation 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecision Biases 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultitasking 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Human Error 284\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman Error and System Error 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Nature of Human Error 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheories of Human Error 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eError Types 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eError Forms 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSituation Awareness 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSituation Awareness in Individuals 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSituation Awareness of Teams 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognitive Processing in Establishing Situation Awareness 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasuring Situation Awareness 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInferring Situation Awareness from Eye Fixation Patterns 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Situation Awareness 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Contextual Factors Affecting\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman-System Performance 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorkload 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefining and Measuring Workload 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerformance-Based Metrics 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognitive Task Analysis 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiological Indices of Workload 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubjective Ratings of Workload 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorkload Summary 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterruption 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperator State 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFatigue 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSleep Deprivation and Circadian Rhythms 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 The Role of Automation in Human-System Performance 339\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing Automated Devices 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevels of Automation 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Taxonomy of Automation Levels 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutomation as a Decision Support Aid 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutomation and System Safety 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlarms and Alerts 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensory Characteristics of Good Alerts and Alarms 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign Considerations in Alerts and Alarms 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman Factors Issues with Alerts and Alarms 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformation Displays 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransform Information to Take Advantage of Human Perceptual Systems 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMatch Perceptual Cues to the Nature of the Judgment 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoose Perceptual Depictions Compatible with Internal Representations 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProvide Feedback 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse Presentation Techniques That Minimize Demand for Focal Visual Attention 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse Perceptual Distinctions That Match Visual and Auditory Capabilities 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApply the Proximity Compatibility Principle 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCreate Barriers 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 383\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Mechanical engineering \u0026amp; materials [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Mechanical engineering \u0026amp; materials\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Mechanical%20engineering%20\u0026amp;%20materials%20%5BTG%5D%22\"\u003eTG\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52276362838296,"sku":"9780470548752","price":90.79,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9780470548752.jpg?v=1781367438","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/introduction-to-humans-in-engineered-systems-hardback-9780470548752","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}