{"product_id":"introduction-to-biomedical-imaging-hardback-9781119867715","title":"Introduction to Biomedical Imaging (Hardback) 9781119867715","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eIntroduction to Biomedical Imaging\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eAndrew Webb (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9781119867715, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 4 October 2022\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e384 pages\u003cbr\u003e22.9 x 15.2 x 2.4 cm, 0.776 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction to BiomedicalImaging\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA state-of-the-art exploration of the foundations and latest developments in biomedical imaging technology\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the newly revised second edition of \u003ci\u003eIntroduction to Biomedical Imaging\u003c\/i\u003e, distinguished researcher Dr. Andrew Webb delivers a comprehensive description of the fundamentals and applications of the most important current medical imaging techniques: X-ray and computed tomography, nuclear medicine, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and various optical-based methods. Each chapter explains the physical principles, instrument design, data acquisition, image reconstruction, and clinical applications of its respective modality. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis latest edition incorporates descriptions of recent developments in photon counting CT, total body PET, superresolution-based ultrasound, phased-array MRI technology, optical coherence tomography, and iterative and model-based image reconstruction techniques. The final chapter discusses the increasing role of artificial intelligence\/deep learning in biomedical imaging. The text also includes a thorough introduction to general image characteristics, including discussions of signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePerfect for graduate and senior undergraduate students of biomedical engineering, \u003ci\u003eIntroduction to Biomedical Imaging, 2nd Edition\u003c\/i\u003e will also earn a place in the libraries of medical imaging professionals with an interest in medical imaging techniques.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion Website xxxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Image and Imaging System Characteristics 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 General Image and Imaging System Characteristics 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Concept of Spatial Frequency 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Spatial Resolution 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Imaging System Point Spread Function 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Imaging System Resolving Power 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Imaging System Modulation Transfer Function 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Signal-to-Noise Ratio 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Contrast-to-Noise Ratio 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Signal Digitization: Dynamic Range and Resolution 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Post-acquisition Image Filtering 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Assessing the Clinical Impact of Improvements in System Performance 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.1 The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.A.1 Fourier Transforms 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.A.2 Fourier Transforms of Time Domain and Spatial Frequency Domain Signals 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.A.3 Useful Properties of the Fourier Transform 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 X-ray Imaging and Computed Tomography 23\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 General Principles of Imaging with X-rays 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 X-ray Production 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 The X-ray Tube 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 The X-ray Energy Spectrum 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Interactions of X-rays with Tissue 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Compton Scattering 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 The Photoelectric Effect 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Linear and Mass Attenuation Coefficients of X-rays in Tissue 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Instrumentation for Planar X-ray Imaging 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Collimator 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Anti-scatter Grid 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Digital X-ray Detectors 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 X-ray Image Characteristics 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Signal-to-Noise 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2 Spatial Resolution 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.3 Contrast-to-Noise 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 X-ray Contrast Agents 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.1 Contrast Agents for the Gastrointestinal Tract 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.2 Iodine-Based Contrast Agents 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 X-ray Imaging Methods 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.1 X-ray Fluoroscopy 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.2 Digital Subtraction Angiography 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Clinical Applications of X-ray Imaging 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1 Digital Mammography 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.2 Abdominal X-ray Scans 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Computed Tomography 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 CT Scanner Instrumentation 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.1 Beam Filtration 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.2 Detectors for Computed Tomography 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13 Image Processing for Computed Tomography 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13.1 Filtered Backprojection (FBP) Techniques 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13.2 Fan-Beam and Spiral Reconstructions 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14 Iterative Algorithms 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.15 Radiation Dose 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.16 Spectral\/Dual Energy CT 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17 Photon-Counting CT 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.18 Cone Beam, Mobile, and Portable CT Units 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19 Clinical Applications of Computed Tomography 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19.1 Head and Neurovascular Scans 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19.2 Pulmonary Disease 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19.3 Abdominal Imaging 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19.4 Cardiovascular Imaging 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Nuclear Medicine 85\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 General Principles of Nuclear Medicine 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Radioactivity and Radiotracer Half-life 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Common Radiotracers Used for SPECT 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 The Technetium Generator 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 The Distribution of Technetium-Based Radiotracers within the Body 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Instrumentation for SPECT and SPECT\/CT 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Collimators 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Scintillation Crystal and Photomultiplier Tube-Based Detectors 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 The Anger Position Network and Pulse Height Analyzer 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4 Solid-State Detectors and Specialized Cardiac Scanners 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Image Reconstruction 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 Attenuation Correction 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 Scatter Correction 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Image Characteristics 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.1 Signal-to-Noise 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.2 Spatial Resolution 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.3 Contrast-to-Noise 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Clinical Applications of SPECT 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.1 Brain Imaging 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.2 Bone Scanning and Tumor Detection 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.3 Cardiac Imaging 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.4 The Respiratory System 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.5 The Liver and Reticuloendothelial System 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Positron Emission Tomography 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 Radiotracers Used for PET 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12 Instrumentation for PET 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12.1 Scintillation Crystals and Detector Electronics 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13 Image Reconstruction 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13.1 Annihilation Coincidence Detection and Removal of Accidental Coincidences 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13.2 Attenuation Correction 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13.3 Scatter Correction 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13.4 Dead-Time Correction 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14 Image Characteristics 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14.1 Spatial Resolution 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14.2 Signal-to-Noise 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14.3 Contrast-to-Noise 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.15 Acquisition Methods for PET 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.16 Total Body PET Systems 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17 Clinical Applications of PET\/CT 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17.1 Body Oncology 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17.2 Brain Imaging 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17.3 Cardiac Imaging 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Ultrasound Imaging 135\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 General Principles of Ultrasound Imaging 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Wave Propagation and Acoustic Impedance 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Wave Reflection 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Energy Loss Mechanisms in Tissue 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Scattering 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Absorption 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 OverallWave Attenuation 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Instrumentation 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Transducer Construction 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Transducer Arrays 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.1 Linear Sequential Array 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.2 Curvilinear\/Convex Sequential Array 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.3 Linear-Phased Array 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Signal Detection and Processing 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Time Gain Compensation 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Receive Beam Forming 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Diagnostic Scanning Modes 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 A-Mode, M-Mode, and B-Mode Scans 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Three-Dimensional Imaging 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 Compound Imaging 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4 Other Transmit and Receive Beamforming Techniques 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Image Characteristics 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1 Signal-to-Noise 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.2 Spatial Resolution 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.2.1 Axial Resolution 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.2.2 Lateral Resolution 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.3 Contrast-to-Noise 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Artifacts in Ultrasound Imaging 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Blood Velocity Measurements Using Ultrasound 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.1 The Doppler Effect 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.2 Pulsed-Mode Doppler Measurements 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.3 Color Doppler\/B-mode Duplex and Triplex Imaging 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.4 ContinuousWave Doppler (CWD) Measurements 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Ultrasound Contrast Agents 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11.1 Harmonic and Pulse Inversion Techniques 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11.2 Super-Resolution in Ultrasound Imaging 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Safety and Bioeffects in Ultrasound Imaging 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13 Point-of-Care Ultrasound Systems 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.14 Clinical Applications of Ultrasound 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.14.1 Obstetrics and Gynecology 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.14.2 Breast Imaging 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.14.3 Musculoskeletal Structure 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.14.4 Abdominal 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 189\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 General Principles of MRI Acquisition and Hardware 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Nuclear Magnetization 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Quantum Mechanical Description 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Classical Description 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Hydrogen Nuclei inWater and Lipid 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Radiofrequency Pulses and the Creation of Transverse Magnetization 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.5 Signal Detection and Fourier Transformation 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 \u003ci\u003eT\u003c\/i\u003e1 and \u003ci\u003eT\u003c\/i\u003e2 Relaxation Mechanisms and Tissue Relaxation Times 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Tissue-Dependent Relaxation Times 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Measurement of \u003ci\u003eT\u003c\/i\u003e1 and \u003ci\u003eT\u003c\/i\u003e2: Inversion-Recovery and Spin-Echo Sequences 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 The MR Free Induction Decay 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Spatial Localization 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Imaging Concepts 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2.1 Slice Selection 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2.2 Phase-encoding 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2.3 Frequency-encoding 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2.4 The \u003ci\u003ek\u003c\/i\u003e-Space Formalism and Image Reconstruction 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Imaging Sequences and Techniques 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Multislice Gradient-Echo Sequences 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Multislice Spin-Echo and Turbo-Spin-Echo Sequences 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3 Three-Dimensional Gradient-Echo and Spin-Echo Sequences 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.4 Proton Density, \u003ci\u003eT\u003c\/i\u003e1-, \u003ci\u003eT\u003c\/i\u003e2-, and \u003ci\u003eT\u003c\/i\u003e∗2 -Weighted Sequences 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.5 Lipid Suppression Techniques 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 MRI Contrast Agents 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Advanced Sequences 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.1 Magnetic Resonance Angiography 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.2 Diffusion-Weighted Imaging with Echo Planar Readout 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.3 \u003ci\u003eIn Vivo \u003c\/i\u003eLocalized Spectroscopy 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.4 Functional MRI 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Instrumentation 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.1 Magnet Design 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.1.1 Clinical Superconducting Magnets 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.1.2 Very High Field Magnets 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.1.3 High-Temperature Superconductors 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.1.4 Mid- and Low-Field Magnets 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.2 Magnetic Field Gradient Coils 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.3 Radiofrequency Coils 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.3.1 Transmit Coil 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.4 Receiver Coil Array 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9.5 Receiver Electronics 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Image Reconstruction from Undersampled Data 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.1 Parallel Imaging Using an Array of Receiver Coils 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.2 Compressed Sensing 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Image Characteristics 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.1 Signal-to-Noise 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.2 Spatial Resolution 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.3 Contrast-to-Noise 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12 Image Artifacts 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.13 RF Safety Considerations 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.14 Clinical Applications of MRI 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.14.1 Neurological 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.14.2 Body Imaging 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.14.3 Musculoskeletal 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.14.4 Cardiac 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Optical Imaging 279\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 General Properties of Optical Imaging Methods 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Propagation of Light Through Tissue 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Body Emissivity Techniques – Infrared Thermography 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Direct Imaging with Visible Light 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Fundus Photography 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Scheimpflug Camera 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Basic Principles of Interferometry 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Instrumentation for OCT 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2.1 Light Sources 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2.2 Beam-Splitter 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2.3 Photodetectors 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Image Characteristics of OCT 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4 OCT Angiography 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.5 Clinical Applications of OCT 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Fluorescence-Guided Surgery (FGS) 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Principle of Fluorescence 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Fluorescent Probes 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 Instrumentation for Fluorescence Imaging 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4 Clinical Applications of Fluorescence-Guided Surgery 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) and Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.1 Principle of NIRS 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.2 Instrumentation for NIRS 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.3 Principle of DOT 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.4 Clinical Applications of DOT 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Photoacoustic Imaging (PAI) 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.1 Principles of PAI 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.2 Photoacoustic Microscopy and Photoacoustic Computed Tomography 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.3 Instrumentation for PAI 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.4 Clinical Applications of PAI 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Artificial Intelligence 311\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Neural Networks 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Neural Networks 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Deep Learning in Image Reconstruction 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Artificial Intelligence in X-ray and CT 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Image Reconstruction 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Clinical Applications 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Artificial Intelligence in SPECT and PET 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Image Reconstruction 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Clinical Applications 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Artificial Intelligence in Ultrasound 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Improved Data Acquisition 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 Image Post-processing 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.3 Image Analysis and Clinical Applications 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Artificial Intelligence in MRI 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.1 Image Reconstruction 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.2 Clinical Applications 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Artificial Intelligence in Optical Imaging 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 AI and Radiomics 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Challenges for AI in Biomedical Imaging 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 341\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Other branches of medicine [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Other branches of medicine\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Other%20branches%20of%20medicine%20%5BMM%5D%22\"\u003eMM\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley-IEEE Press","offers":[{"title":"Brand 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