{"product_id":"hydrogen-and-syngas-production-and-purification-technologies-hardback-9780471719755","title":"Hydrogen and Syngas Production and Purification Technologies (Hardback) 9780471719755","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eHydrogen and Syngas Production and Purification Technologies\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eKe Liu (Author), Chunshan Song (Author), Velu Subramani (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9780471719755, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 26 January 2010\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e560 pages\u003cbr\u003e24.4 x 16 x 3 cm, 0.889 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers the timely topic of fuel cells and hydrogen-based energy from its fundamentals to practical applications\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eServes as a resource for practicing researchers and as a text in graduate-level programs\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTackles crucial aspects in light of the new directions in the energy industry, in particular how to integrate fuel processing into contemporary systems like nuclear and gas power plants\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes homework-style problems\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContributors xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Introduction to Hydrogen and Syngas Production and Purification Technologies 1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eChunshan Song\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Importance of Hydrogen and Syngas Production 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Principles of Syngas and Hydrogen Production 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Options for Hydrogen and Syngas Production 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cells 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Fuel Processing for Fuel Cells 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Sulfur Removal 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Capture and Separation 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Scope of the Book 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Catalytic Steam Reforming Technology for the Production of Hydrogen and Syngas 14\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eVelu Subramani, Pradeepkumar Sharma, Lingzhi Zhang, and Ke Liu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Steam Reforming of Light Hydrocarbons 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Steam Reforming of Natural Gas 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Steam Reforming of C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–C\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e Hydrocarbons 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Steam Reforming of Liquid Hydrocarbons 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Chemistry 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Thermodynamics 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Catalyst 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Kinetics 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 Mechanism 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.6 Prereforming 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Steam Reforming of Alcohols 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Steam Reforming of Methanol (SRM) 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Steam Reforming of Ethanol (SRE) 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Carbon Formation and Catalyst Deactivation 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Recent Developments in Reforming Technologies 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Microreactor Reformer 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Plate Reformer 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 Membrane Reformer 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.4 Plasma Reforming (PR) 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Summary 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Catalytic Partial Oxidation and Autothermal Reforming 127\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKe Liu, Gregg D. Deluga, Anders Bitsch-Larsen, Lanny D. Schmidt, and Lingzhi Zhang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Natural Gas Reforming Technologies: Fundamental Chemistry 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 ATR 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Homogeneous POX 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 CPO 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Development\/Commercialization Status of ATR, POX, and CPO Reformers 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 CPO Catalysts 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Nickel-Based CPO Catalysts 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Precious Metal CPO Catalysts 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 CPO Mechanism and Kinetics 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Ni Catalyst Mechanism and Reactor Kinetics Modeling 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Precious Metal Catalyst Mechanism and Reactor Kinetics Modeling 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Start-Up and Shutdown Procedure of CPO 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 CPO of Renewable Fuels 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Summary 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. Coal Gasification 156\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKe Liu, Zhe Cui, and Thomas H. Fletcher\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction to Gasification 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Coal Gasification History 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Coal Gasification Chemistry 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Pyrolysis Process 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Combustion of Volatiles 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Char Gasification Reactions 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Ash–Slag Chemistry 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Gasification Thermodynamics 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Gasification Kinetics 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Reaction Mechanisms and the Kinetics of the Boudouard Reaction 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Reaction Mechanisms and the Kinetics of the Water-Gas Reaction 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Classification of Different Gasifiers 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 GE (Texaco) Gasification Technology with CWS Feeding 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Introduction to GE Gasification Technology 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 GE Gasification Process 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 Coal Requirements of the GE Gasifier 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4 Summary of GE Slurry Feeding Gasification Technology 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Shell Gasification Technology with Dry Feeding 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1 Introduction to Dry-Feeding Coal Gasification 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.2 Shell Gasification Process 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.3 Coal Requirements of Shell Gasification Process 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.4 Summary of Dry-Feeding Shell Gasifier 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Other Gasification Technologies 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.1 GSP Gasification Technology 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.2 East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST) Gasifier 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.3 TPRI Gasifier 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.4 Fluidized-Bed Gasifiers 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.5 ConocoPhillips Gasifier 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.6 Moving-Bed and Fixed-Bed Gasifiers: Lurgi’s Gasification Technology 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.7 Summary of Different Gasification Technologies 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Challenges in Gasification Technology: Some Examples 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.1 High AFT Coals 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.2 Increasing the Coal Concentration in the CWS 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.3 Improved Performance and Life of Gasifier Nozzles 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.4 Gasifier Refractory Brick Life 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.5 Gasifier Scale-Up 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Syngas Cleanup 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Integration of Coal Gasification with Coal Polygeneration Systems 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. Desulfurization Technologies 219\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eChunshan Song and Xiaoliang Ma\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Challenges in Deep Desulfurization for Hydrocarbon Fuel Processing and Fuel Cell Applications 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 HDS Technology 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Natural Gas 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Gasoline 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Diesel 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Adsorptive Desulfurization 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Natural Gas 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Gasoline 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Jet Fuel 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Diesel 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Post-Reformer Desulfurization: H2S Sorption 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eS Sorbents 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eS Adsorption Thermodynamics 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Desulfurization of Coal Gasification Gas 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Absorption by Solvents 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Hot and Warm Gas Cleanup 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 ODS 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Natural Gas 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Summary 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. Water-Gas Shift Technologies 311\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlex Platon and Yong Wang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Thermodynamic Considerations 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Industrial Processes and Catalysts 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Ferrochrome Catalyst for HTS Reaction 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 CuZn Catalysts for LTS Reaction 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 CoMo Catalyst for LTS Reaction 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Reaction Mechanism and Kinetics 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Ferrochrome Catalyst 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 CuZn-Based Catalyst 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 CoMo Catalyst 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Catalyst Improvements and New Classes of Catalysts 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Improvements to the Cu- and Fe-Based Catalysts 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 New Reaction Technologies 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 New Classes of Catalysts 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7. Removal of Trace Contaminants from Fuel Processing Reformate: Preferential Oxidation (Prox) 329\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMarco J. Castaldi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Reactions of Prox 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 General Prox Reactor Performance 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Multiple Steady-State Operation 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Water–Oxygen Synergy 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Catalysts Formulations 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Reactor Geometries 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Monolithic Reactors 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 SCT Reactors 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Microchannel Reactors 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.4 MEMS-Based Reactors 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Commercial Units 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8. Hydrogen Membrane Technologies and Application in Fuel Processing 357\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid Edlund\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Fundamentals of Membrane-Based Separations 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Membrane Purification for Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Applications 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Product Hydrogen Purity 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Process Scale 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Energy Efficiency 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Membrane Modules for Hydrogen Separation and Purification 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Dense Metal Membranes 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Metal Membrane Durability and Selectivity 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Integration of Reforming and Membrane-Based Purification 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Commercialization Activities 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9. CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e-Selective Membranes for Hydrogen Fuel Processing 385\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJin Huang, Jian Zou, and W.S. Winston Ho\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Synthesis of Novel CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e-Selective Membranes 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Model Description 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Results and Discussion 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Transport Properties of CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e-Selective Membrane 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Modeling Predictions 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Conclusions 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10. Pressure Swing Adsorption Technology for Hydrogen Production 414\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eShivaji Sircar and Timothy C. Golden\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 PSA Processes for Hydrogen Purification 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 PSA Processes for Production of Hydrogen Only 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Process for Coproduction of Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Processes for the Production of Ammonia Synthesis Gas 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Adsorbents for Hydrogen PSA Processes 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Adsorbents for Bulk CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Removal 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Adsorbents for Dilute CO and N\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Removal 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Adsorbents for Dilute CH4 Removal 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 Adsorbents for C\u003csub\u003e1\u003c\/sub\u003e–C\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e Hydrocarbon Removal 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5 Other Adsorbent and Related Improvements in the H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e PSA 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Future Trends for Hydrogen PSA 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 RPSA Cycles for Hydrogen Purification 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Structured Adsorbents 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Sorption-Enhanced Reaction Process (SERP) for H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Production 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 PSA Process Reliability 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Improved Hydrogen Recovery by PSA Processes 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Integration with Additional PSA System 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Hybrid PSA-Adsorbent Membrane System 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Engineering Process Design 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Summary 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11. Integration of H2\/Syngas Production Technologies with Future Energy Systems 451\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWei Wei, Parag Kulkarni, and Ke Liu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Overview of Future Energy Systems and Challenges 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Application of Reforming-Based Syngas Technology 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 NGCC Plants 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Integration of H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\/Syngas Production Technologies in NGCC Plants 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Application of Gasification-Based Syngas Technology 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 IGCC Plant 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Application of H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\/Syngas Generation Technology to Liquid Fuels 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Coal-to-H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Process Description 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Coal-to-Hydrogen System Performance and Economics 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Summary 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12. Coal and Syngas to Liquids 486\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKe Liu, Zhe Cui, Wei Chen, and Lingzhi Zhang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Overview and History of Coal to Liquids (CTL) 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Direct Coal Liquefaction (DCTL) 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 DCTL Process 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 The Kohleoel Process 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 NEDOL (NEDO Liquefaction) Process 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 The HTI-Coal Process 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.5 Other Single-Stage Processes 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Indirect Coal to Liquid (ICTL) 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Introduction 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 FT Synthesis 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Mobil Methanol to Gasoline (MTG) 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 SMDS 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Hybrid Coal Liquefaction 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Coal to Methanol 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.1 Introduction of Methanol Synthesis 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.2 Methanol Synthesis Catalysts 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.3 Methanol Synthesis Reactor Systems 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.4 Liquid-Phase Methanol (LPMEOH\u003csup\u003e™\u003c\/sup\u003e) Process 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Coal to Dimethyl Ether (DME) 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 522\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Chemistry [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Chemistry\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Chemistry%20%5BPN%5D%22\"\u003ePN\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley-AIChE","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52298042802456,"sku":"9780471719755","price":97.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9780471719755.jpg?v=1781732212","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/hydrogen-and-syngas-production-and-purification-technologies-hardback-9780471719755","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}