{"product_id":"fundamentals-of-terahertz-devices-and-applications-hardback-9781119460718","title":"Fundamentals of Terahertz Devices and Applications (Hardback) 9781119460718","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eFundamentals of Terahertz Devices and Applications\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eDimitris Pavlidis (Edited by), D Pavlidis (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9781119460718, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 19 August 2021\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e576 pages\u003cbr\u003e24.9 x 17.8 x 3 cm, 1.202 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn authoritative and comprehensive guide to the devices and applications of Terahertz technology\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTerahertz (THz) technology relates to applications that span in frequency from a few hundred GHz to more than 1000 GHz. Fundamentals of Terahertz Devices and Applications offers a comprehensive review of the devices and applications of Terahertz technology. With contributions from a range of experts on the topic, this book contains in a single volume an inclusive review of THz devices for signal generation, detection and treatment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eFundamentals of Terahertz Devices and Applications\u003c\/i\u003e offers an exploration and addresses key categories and aspects of Terahertz Technology such as: sources, detectors, transmission, electronic considerations and applications, optical (photonic) considerations and applications. Worked examples�based on the contributors� extensive experience� highlight the chapter material presented. The text is designed for use by novices and professionals who want a better understanding of device operation and use, and  is suitable for instructional purposes This important book:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOffers the most relevant up-to-date research information and insight into the future developments in the technology \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAddresses a wide-range of categories and aspects of Terahertz technology  \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes material to support courses on Terahertz Technology and more \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContains illustrative worked examples  \u003cp\u003eWritten for researchers, students, and professional engineers, Fundamentals of Terahertz Devices and Applications offers an in-depth exploration of the topic that is designed for both novices and professionals and can be adopted for instructional purposes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout the Editor xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion Website xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction to THz Technologies 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDimitris Pavlidis\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Integrated Silicon Lens Antennas at Submillimeter-wave Frequencies 5\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMaria Alonso-delPino, Darwin Blanco and Nuria Llombart Juan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Elliptical Lens Antennas 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Elliptical Lens Synthesis 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Radiation of Elliptical Lenses 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.1 Transmission Function \u003ci\u003eT(Q)\u003c\/i\u003e 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.2 Spreading Factor \u003ci\u003eS(Q)\u003c\/i\u003e 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.3 Equivalent Current Distribution and Far-field Calculation 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.4 Lens Reflection Efficiency 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Extended Semi-hemispherical Lens Antennas 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Radiation of Extended Semi-hemispherical Lenses 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Shallow Lenses Excited by Leaky Wave\/Fabry–Perot Feeds 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Analysis of the Leaky-wave Propagation Constant 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Primary Fields Radiated by a Leaky-wave Antenna Feed on an Infinite Medium 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Shallow-lens Geometry Optimization 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Fly-eye Antenna Array 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Silicon DRIE Micromachining Process at Submillimeter-wave Frequencies 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1.1 Fabrication of Silicon Lenses Using DRIE 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1.2 Surface Accuracy 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Examples of Fabricated Antennas 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 1: Derivation of the Transmission Coefficients and Lens Critical Angle 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 2 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 3 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Photoconductive THz Sources Driven at 1550 nm 43\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eElliott R. Brown, Björn Globisch, Guillermo Carpintero, Alejandro Rivera, Daniel Segovia-Vargas and Andreas Steiger\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Overview of THz Photoconductive Sources 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Lasers and Fiber Optics 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 1550-nm THz Photoconductive Sources 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Epitaxial Materials 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.1 Bandgap Engineering 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.2 Low-Temperature Growth 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Device Types and Modes of Operation 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Analysis of THz Photoconductive Sources 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3.1 PC-Switch Analysis 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3.2 Photomixer Analysis 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Practical Issues 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4.1 Contact Effects 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4.2 Thermal Effects 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4.3 Circuit Limitations 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 THz Metrology 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Power Measurements 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.1 A Traceable Power Sensor 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.2 Exemplary THz Power Measurement Exercise 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.3 Other Sources of Error 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Frequency Metrology 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 THz Antenna Coupling 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Fundamental Principles 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Planar Antennas on Dielectric Substrates 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2.1 Input Impedance 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2.2 ΔEIRP (Increase in the EIRP of the Transmitting Antenna) 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2.3 \u003ci\u003eG\/T\u003c\/i\u003e or \u003ci\u003eA\u003csub\u003eeff\u003c\/sub\u003e \/T\u003c\/i\u003e 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Estimation of Power Coupling Factor 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Exemplary THz Planar Antennas 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4.1 Resonant Antennas 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4.2 Quick Survey of Self-complementary Antennas 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 State of the Art in 1550-nm Photoconductive Sources 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 1550-nm MSM Photoconductive Switches 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1.1 Material and Device Design 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1.2 THz Performance 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 1550-nm Photodiode CW (Photomixer) Sources 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2.1 Material and Device Design 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2.2 THz Performance 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Alternative 1550-nm THz Photoconductive Sources 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Fe-Doped InGaAs 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 ErAs Nanoparticles in GaAs: Extrinsic Photoconductivity 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 System Applications 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 Comparison Between Pulsed and CW THz Systems 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1.1 Device Aspects 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1.2 Systems Aspects 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 Wireless Communications 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.3 THz Spectroscopy 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.3.1 Time vs Frequency Domain Systems 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.3.2 Analysis of Frequency Domain Systems: Amplitude and Phase Modulation 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises (1–4) 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises (5–8) THz Interaction with Matter 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises (9–12) Antennas, Links, and Beams 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises (13–15) Planar Antennas 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises (16–19) Device Noise, System Noise, and Dynamic Range 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises (20–22) Ultrafast Photoconductivity and Photodiodes 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExplanatory Notes (see superscripts in text) 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 THz Photomixers 137\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEmilien Peytavit, Guillaume Ducournau and Jean-François Lampin\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Photomixing Basics 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Photomixing Principle 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Historical Background 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Modeling THz Photomixers 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Photoconductors 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.1 Photocurrent Generation 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.2 Electrical Model 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.3 Efficiency and Maximum Power 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Photodiode 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.1 PIN photodiodes 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.2 Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photodiodes 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.3 Photocurrent Generation 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.4 Electrical Model and Output Power 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Frequency Down-conversion Using Photomixers 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3.1 Electrical Model: Conversion Loss 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Standard Photomixing Devices 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Planar Photoconductors 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1.1 Intrinsic Limitation 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 UTC Photodiodes 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.1 Backside Illuminated UTC Photodiodes 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.2 Waveguide-fed UTC Photodiodes 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Optical Cavity Based Photomixers 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 LT-GaAs Photoconductors 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.1 Optical Modeling 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.2 Experimental Validation 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 UTC Photodiodes 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.1 Nano Grid Top Contact Electrodes 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.2 UTC Photodiodes Using Nano-Grid Top Contact Electrodes 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.3 Photoresponse Measurement 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.4 THz Power Generation by Photomixing 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 THz Antennas 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Planar Antennas 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Micromachined Antennas 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Characterization of Photomixing Devices 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 On Wafer Characterization 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Free Space Characterization 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise A. Photodetector Theory 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise B. Photomixing Model 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Ultrafast Photoconductor 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. UTC Photodiode 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise C. Antennas 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Plasmonics-enhanced Photoconductive Terahertz Devices 187\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePing-Keng Lu and Mona Jarrahi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Photoconductive Antennas 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Photoconductors for THz Operation 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Photoconductive THz Emitters 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.1 Pulsed THz Emitters 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.2 Continuous-wave THz Emitters 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Photoconductive THz Detectors 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Common Photoconductors and Antennas for Photoconductive THz Devices 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4.1 Choice of Photoconductor 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4.2 Choice of Antenna 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Plasmonics-enhanced Photoconductive Antennas 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Fundamentals of Plasmonics 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Plasmonics for Enhancing Performance of Photoconductive THz Devices 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.1 Principles of Plasmonic Enhancement 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.2 Design Considerations for Plasmonic Nanostructures 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 State-of-the-art Plasmonics-enhanced Photoconductive THz Devices 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.1 Photoconductive THz Devices with Plasmonic Light Concentrators 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.2 Photoconductive THz Devices with Plasmonic Contact Electrodes 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.3 Large Area Plasmonic Photoconductive Nanoantenna Arrays 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.4 Plasmonic Photoconductive THz Devices with Optical Nanocavities 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Conclusion and Outlook 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers 221\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRoberto Paiella\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Fundamentals of Intersubband Transitions 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Active Material Design 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Optical Waveguides and Cavities 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 State-of-the-Art Performance and Limitations 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Novel Materials Systems 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 III-Nitride Quantum Wells 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 SiGe Quantum Wells 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Conclusion 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Advanced Devices Using Two-Dimensional Layer Technology 251\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBerardi Sensale-Rodriguez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Graphene-Based THz Devices 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 THz Properties of Graphene 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 How to Simulate and Model Graphene? 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Terahertz Device Applications of Graphene 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3.1 Modulators 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3.2 Active Filters 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3.3 Phase Modulation in Graphene-Based Metamaterials 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 TMD Based THz Devices 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Applications 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 1 Computation of the Optical Conductivity of Graphene 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 2 Terahertz Transmission Through a 2D Material Layer Placed at an Optical Interface 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 3 Transfer Matrix Approach for Multi-layer Transmission Problems 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 4 A Condition for Perfect Absorption 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 5 Terahertz Plasmon Resonances in Periodically Patterned Graphene Disk Arrays 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 6 Electron Plasma Waves in Gated Graphene 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 7 Equivalent Circuit Modeling of 2D Material-Loaded Frequency Selective Surfaces 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 8 Maximum Terahertz Absorption in 2D Material-Loaded Frequency Selective Surfaces 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 THz Plasma Field Effect Transistor Detectors 285\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNaznin Akter, Nezih Pala, Wojciech Knap and Michael Shur\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Field Effect Transistors (FETs) and THz Plasma Oscillations 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Dispersion of Plasma Waves in FETs 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 THz Detection by an FET 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.1 Resonant Detection 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.2 Broadband Detection 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.3 Enhancement by DC Drain Current 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 THz Detectors Based on Silicon FETs 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Terahertz Detection by Graphene Plasmonic FETs 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Terahertz Detection in Black-Phosphorus Nano-Transistors 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Diamond Plasmonic THz Detectors 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Conclusion 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 1–2 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 3–10 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 11–13 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Signal Generation by Diode Frequency Multiplication 323\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlain Maestrini and Jose V. Siles\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Bridging the Microwave to Photonics Gap with Terahertz Frequency Multipliers 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 A Practical Approach to the Design of Frequency Multipliers 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Frequency Multiplier Versus Comb Generator 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Frequency Multiplier Ideal Matching Network and Ideal Device Performance 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Symmetry at Device Level Versus Symmetry at Circuit Level 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 Classic Balanced Frequency Doublers 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4.1 General Circuit Description 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4.2 Necessary Condition to Balance the Circuit 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.5 Balanced Frequency Triplers with an Anti-Parallel Pair of Diodes 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.6 Multi-Anode Frequency Triplers in a Virtual Loop Configuration 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.6.1 General Circuit Description 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.6.2 Necessary Condition to Balance the Circuit 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.7 Multiplier Design Optimization 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.7.1 General Design Methodology 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.7.2 Nonlinear Modeling of the Schottky Diode Barrier 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.7.3 3D Modeling of the Extrinsic Structure of the Diodes 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.7.4 Modeling and Optimization of the Diode Cell 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.7.5 Input and Output Matching Circuits 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Technology of THz Diode Frequency Multipliers 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 From Whisker-Contacted Diodes to Planar Discrete Diodes 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Semi-Monolithic Frequency Multipliers at THz Frequencies 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 THz Local Oscillators for the Heterodyne Instrument of Herschel Space Observatory 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 First 2.7 THz Multiplier Chain with More Than 10 μW of Power at Room Temperature 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.5 High Power 1.6 THz Frequency Multiplied Source for Future 4.75 THz Local Oscillator 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Power-Combining at Sub-Millimeter Wavelength 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 In-Phase Power Combining 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1.1 First In-Phase Power-Combined Submillimeter-Wave Frequency Multiplier 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1.2 In-Phase Power Combining at 900 GHz 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1.3 In-Phase Power-Combined Balanced Doublers 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 In-Channel Power Combining 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 Advanced on-Chip Power Combining 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3.1 High Power 490–560 GHz Frequency Tripler 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3.2 Dual-Output 550 GHz Frequency Tripler 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3.3 High-Power Quad-channel 165–195 GHz Frequency Doubler 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Conclusions and Perspectives 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 1 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 2–5 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExplanatory Notes (see superscripts in text) 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 GaN Multipliers 383\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eChong Jin and Dimitris Pavlidis\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Frequency Multipliers 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Properties of Nitride Materials 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3 Motivation and Challenges 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Theoretical Considerations of GaN Schottky Diode Design 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Analysis by Analytical Equations 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1.1 Nonlinearity and Harmonic Generation 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1.2 Nonlinearity of Ideal Schottky Diode 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1.3 Series Resistance 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Analysis by Numeric Simulation 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.1 Introduction of Semiconductor Device Numerical Simulation 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.2 Parameters for GaN-Based Device Simulation 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.3 Simulation Results 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Conclusions on Theoretical Considerations of GaN Schottky Diode Design 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Fabrication Process of GaN Schottky Diodes 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Fabrication Process 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Etching 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Metallization 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3.1 Ohmic Contacts on GaN 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3.2 Schottky Contacts on GaN 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 Bridge Interconnects 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4.1 Dielectric Bridge 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4.2 Optical Air-bridge 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4.3 E-beam Air-bridge 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5 Conclusion on Fabrication Process of GaN Schottky Diodes 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Small-signal High-frequency Characterization of GaN Schottky Diodes 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Current-voltage Characteristics 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Small-signal Characterization and Equivalent Circuit Modeling 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2.1 Step 1. Parasitic Elements 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2.2 Step 2. Junction Capacitance 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2.3 Step 3. Optimization 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2.4 Summary 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Results 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Conclusion 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Large-signal On-wafer Characterization 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Characterization Approach 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Large Signal Measurements of GaN Schottky Diodes 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2.1 LSNA With 50 Ω Load 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2.2 Time Domain Waveforms 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2.3 Instant C–V Under Large-signal Driven Conditions 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2.4 Power Handling Characteristics 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 LSNA With Harmonic Load-pull 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.4 Conclusion 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 GaN Diode Implementation for Signal Generation 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Large-signal Modeling of GaN Schottky Diodes 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Frequency Doubler 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Multiplier Considerations for Optimum Performance 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 THz Resonant Tunneling Devices 447\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMasahiro Asada and Safumi Suzuki\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Principle of RTD Oscillators 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Basic Operation of RTD 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Principle of Oscillation 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Effect of Electron Delay Time 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3.1 Degradation of NDC at High Frequency 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3.2 Generation of Reactance at High Frequency 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Structure and Oscillation Characteristics of Fabricated RTD Oscillators 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Actual Structure of RTD Oscillators 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 High-frequency Oscillation 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 High-output Power Oscillation 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Control of Oscillation Spectrum and Frequency 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Oscillation Spectrum and Phase-Locked Loop 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Frequency-tunable Oscillators 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Targeted Applications 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 High-speed Wireless Communications 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Spectroscopy 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3 Other Applications and Expected Future Development 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 1–6 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 7–8 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Wireless Communications in the THz Range 479\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGuillaume Ducournau and Tadao Nagatsuma\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Evolution of Telecoms Toward THz 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Brief Historic 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Data Rate Evolution 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 THz Waves: Propagation, Advantages, and Disadvantages 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 Frequency Bands 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.5 Potential Scenarios 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.6 Comparison Between FSO and THz 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 THz Technologies: Transmitters, Receivers, and Basic Architecture 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 THz Sources 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 THz Receivers 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Basic Architecture of the Transmission System 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Devices\/Function Examples for T-Ray CMOS 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Photomixing Techniques for THz CMOS 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 THz Modulated Signals Enabled by Photomixing 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Other Techniques for the Generation of Modulated THz Signals 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 Integration, Interconnections, and Antennas 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4.1 Integration 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4.2 Antennas 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 THz Links 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 Modulations and Key Indicators of a THz Communication Link 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 State-of-the-Art of THz Links 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2.1 First Systems 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2.2 Photonics-Based Demos 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2.3 Electronic-Based Demos 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2.4 Beyond 100 GHz High Power Amplification 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2.5 Table of Reported Systems 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Toward Normalization of 100G Links in the THz Range 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Conclusion 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Acronyms 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise: Link Budget of a THz Link 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 THz Applications: Devices to Space System 511\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eImran Mehdi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.1 Why Is THz Technology Important for Space Science? 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.2 Fundamentals of THz Spectroscopy 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.3 THz Technology for Space Exploration 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 THz Heterodyne Receivers 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Local Oscillators 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1.1 Frequency Multiplied Chains 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Mixers 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2.1 Room Temperature Schottky Diode Mixers 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2.2 SIS Mixer Technology 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2.3 Hot Electron Bolometric (HEB) Mixers 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2.4 State-of-the-Art Receiver Sensitivities 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 THz Space Applications 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Planetary Science: The Case for Miniaturization 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Astrophysics: The Case for THz Array Receivers 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Earth Science: The Case for Active THz Systems 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Summary and Future Trends 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 1–3 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 4 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 547\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Electronics \u0026amp; communications engineering [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Electronics \u0026amp; communications engineering\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Electronics%20\u0026amp;%20communications%20engineering%20%5BTJ%5D%22\"\u003eTJ\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52428598575384,"sku":"9781119460718","price":91.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9781119460718.jpg?v=1784680853","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/fundamentals-of-terahertz-devices-and-applications-hardback-9781119460718","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}