{"product_id":"french-finances-1770-1795-from-business-to-bureaucracy-paperback-9780521089081","title":"French Finances 1770–1795; From Business to Bureaucracy (Paperback \/ softback) 9780521089081","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eFrench Finances 1770–1795\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eFrom Business to Bureaucracy\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eProfessor Bosher shows that the monarchy was financed by a chaotic system of private enterprise which proved increasingly unmanageable and wasteful.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eJ. F. Bosher (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9780521089081, Cambridge University Press\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003ePaperback \/ softback, published 30 October 2008\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e388 pages\u003cbr\u003e22.9 x 15.2 x 2.2 cm, 0.57 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eThe monarchy of Louis XVI suffered revolution and then destruction after failing to settle its financial difficulties. What precisely were those difficulties? In this book, Professor Bosher shows that the monarchy was financed by a chaotic system of private enterprise which proved increasingly unmanageable and wasteful. Hundreds of profit-seeking accountants - 'capitalists', in the language of the time - stood in the way of reform and even of clear accounting until governments of the French Revolution eventually nationalized the financial system and changed it 'from capitalism into a bureaucracy'. From his close study of the administrative changes Professor Bosher concludes that the National Assembly planned to guard the public finances by bureaucratic organization. 'With a vision of mechanical efficiency and articulation', he writes, 'systems of clock-like checks and balances such as eighteenth-century Frenchmen found everywhere, even in nature itself, the revolutionary planners hoped to prevent corruption, putting their faith in the virtues of organization to offset the vices of the individual men.'\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003ePart I. The Central Administration of Finance and How it Worked: 1. Introduction\u003cbr\u003e 2. King and Council\u003cbr\u003e 3. The Minister and his Department\u003cbr\u003e 4. The Accountants and their Caisses\u003cbr\u003e 5. Private Enterprise in Public Finance\u003cbr\u003e 6. The Chamber of Accounts\u003cbr\u003e Part II. The Bureaucratic Revolution: 7. Thoughts of reform\u003cbr\u003e 8. A Decade of Reform (1771–1781)\u003cbr\u003e 9. Six years of Reaction (1781–1787)\u003cbr\u003e 10. The Financial Crisis of 1787\u003cbr\u003e 11. The Founding of the Modern Treasury\u003cbr\u003e 12. Struggles for Control of the Treasury\u003cbr\u003e 13. Towards a Single Caisse\u003cbr\u003e 14. Nationalizing the Debt\u003cbr\u003e 15. Towards Public Administration\u003cbr\u003e 16. Conclusion.\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: History [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on History\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22History%20%5BHB%5D%22\"\u003eHB\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45909024735512,"sku":"9780521089081","price":42.27,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/products\/9780521089081i.jpg?v=1694969428","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/french-finances-1770-1795-from-business-to-bureaucracy-paperback-9780521089081","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}