{"product_id":"fluid-dynamics-of-the-mid-latitude-atmosphere-hardback-9780470833698","title":"Fluid Dynamics of the Mid-Latitude Atmosphere (Hardback) 9780470833698","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eFluid Dynamics of the Mid-Latitude Atmosphere\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eBrian J. Hoskins (Author), Ian N. James (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9780470833698, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 17 October 2014\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e432 pages\u003cbr\u003e25.3 x 17.8 x 2.7 cm, 0.803 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eThis book gives a coherent development of the current understanding of the fluid dynamics of the middle latitude atmosphere. It is primarily aimed at post-graduate and advanced undergraduate level students and does not assume any previous knowledge of fluid mechanics, meteorology or atmospheric science. The book will be an invaluable resource for any quantitative atmospheric scientist who wishes to increase their understanding of the subject. The importance of the rotation of the Earth and the stable stratification of its atmosphere, with their implications for the balance of larger-scale flows, is highlighted throughout.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eClearly structured throughout, the first of three themes deals with the development of the basic equations for an atmosphere on a rotating, spherical planet and discusses scale analyses of these equations. The second theme explores the importance of rotation and introduces vorticity and potential vorticity, as well as turbulence. In the third theme, the concepts developed in the first two themes are used to give an understanding of balanced motion in real atmospheric phenomena. It starts with quasi-geostrophic theory and moves on to linear and nonlinear theories for mid-latitude weather systems and their fronts. The potential vorticity perspective on weather systems is highlighted with a discussion of the Rossby wave propagation and potential vorticity mixing covered in the final chapter.\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeries foreword ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelect bibliography xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Authors xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Observed flow in the Earth’s midlatitudes 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Vertical structure 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Horizontal structure 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Transient activity 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Scales of motion 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 The Norwegian frontal model of cyclones 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTheme 1 Fluid dynamics of the midlatitude atmosphere 25\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Fluid dynamics in an inertial frame of reference 27\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Definition of fluid 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Flow variables and the continuum hypothesis 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Kinematics: characterizing fluid flow 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Governing physical principles 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Lagrangian and Eulerian perspectives 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Mass conservation equation 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 First Law of Thermodynamics 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Newton’s Second Law of Motion 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Bernoulli’s Theorem 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Heating and water vapour 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Rotating frames of reference 53\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Vectors in a rotating frame of reference 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Velocity and Acceleration 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 The momentum equation in a rotating frame 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 The centrifugal pseudo-force 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 The Coriolis pseudo-force 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 The Taylor–Proudman theorem 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 The spherical Earth 65\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Spherical polar coordinates 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Scalar equations 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 The momentum equations 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Energy and angular momentum 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 The shallow atmosphere approximation 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 The beta effect and the spherical Earth 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Scale analysis and its applications 77\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Principles of scaling methods 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 The use of a reference atmosphere 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 The horizontal momentum equations 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Natural coordinates, geostrophic and gradient wind balance 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Vertical motion 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 The vertical momentum equation 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 The mass continuity equation 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 The thermodynamic energy equation 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Scalings for Rossby numbers that are not small 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Alternative vertical coordinates 97\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 A general vertical coordinate 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Isobaric coordinates 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Other pressure-based vertical coordinates 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Isentropic coordinates 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Variations of density and the basic equations 109\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Boussinesq approximation 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Anelastic approximation 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Stratification and gravity waves 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Balance, gravity waves and Richardson number 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Summary of the basic equation sets 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 The energy of atmospheric motions 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheme 2 Rotation in the atmosphere 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Rotation in the atmosphere 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 The concept of vorticity 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 The vorticity equation 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 The vorticity equation for approximate sets of equations 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 The solenoidal term 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 The expansion\/contraction term 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 The stretching and tilting terms 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Friction and vorticity 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 The vorticity equation in alternative vertical coordinates 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Circulation 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Vorticity and the barotropic vorticity equation 149\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 The barotropic vorticity equation 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Poisson’s equation and vortex interactions 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Flow over a shallow hill 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Ekman pumping 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Rossby waves and the beta plane 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Rossby group velocity 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Rossby ray tracing 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Inflexion point instability 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Potential vorticity 177\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Potential vorticity 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Alternative derivations of Ertel’s theorem 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 The principle of invertibility 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Shallow water equation potential vorticity 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Turbulence and atmospheric flow 189\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 The Reynolds number 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Three-dimensional flow at large Reynolds number 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Two-dimensional flow at large Reynolds number 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Vertical mixing in a stratified fluid 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Reynolds stresses 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheme 3 Balance in atmospheric flow 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Quasi-geostrophic flows 211\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Wind and temperature in balanced flows 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 The quasi-geostrophic approximation 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Ertel and quasi-geostrophic potential vorticities 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 The omega equation 225\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Vorticity and thermal advection form 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Sutcliffe Form 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Q-vector form 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Ageostrophic flow and the maintenance of balance 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Balance and initialization 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Linear theories of baroclinic instability 245\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Qualitative discussion 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Stability analysis of a zonal flow 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Rossby wave interpretation of the stability conditions 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 The Eady model 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 The Charney and other quasi-geostrophic models 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 More realistic basic states 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Initial value problem 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Frontogenesis291\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Frontal scales 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Ageostrophic circulation 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Description of frontal collapse 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 The semi-geostrophic Eady model 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 The confluence model 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Upper-level frontogenesis 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 The nonlinear development of baroclinic waves 311\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 The nonlinear domain 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Semi-geostrophic baroclinic waves 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Nonlinear baroclinic waves on realistic jets on the sphere 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Eddy transports and zonal mean flow changes 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Energetics of baroclinic waves 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 The potential vorticity perspective 337\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Setting the scene 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Potential vorticity and vertical velocity 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Life cycles of some baroclinic waves 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Alternative perspectives 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Midlatitude blocking 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Frictional and heating effects 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Rossby wave propagation and potential vorticity mixing 361\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Rossby wave propagation 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Propagation of Rossby waves into the stratosphere 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Propagation through a slowly varying medium 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 The Eliassen–Palm flux and group velocity 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Baroclinic life cycles and Rossby waves 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Variations of amplitude 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Rossby waves and potential vorticity steps 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8 Potential vorticity steps and the Rhines scale 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendices 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A: Notation 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B: Revision of vectors and vector calculus 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.1 Vectors and their algebra 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2 Products of vectors 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3 Scalar fields and the grad operator 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.4 The divergence and curl operators 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.5 Gauss’ and Stokes’ theorems 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.6 Some useful vector identities 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 403\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Earth sciences [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Earth sciences\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Earth%20sciences%20%5BRB%5D%22\"\u003eRB\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52166120309016,"sku":"9780470833698","price":100.29,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9780470833698.jpg?v=1781102237","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/fluid-dynamics-of-the-mid-latitude-atmosphere-hardback-9780470833698","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}