{"product_id":"extremophiles-as-astrobiological-models-hardback-9781119591689","title":"Extremophiles as Astrobiological Models (Hardback) 9781119591689","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eExtremophiles as Astrobiological Models\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eJoseph Seckbach (Edited by), J Seckbach (Author), Helga Stan-Lotter (Edited by)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9781119591689, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 9 February 2021\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e416 pages\u003cbr\u003e1 x 1 x 1 cm, 0.454 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe data in this book are new or updated, and will serve also as Origin of Life and evolutionary studies. Endospores of bacteria have a long history of use as model organisms in astrobiology, including survival in extreme environments and interplanetary transfer of life. Numerous other bacteria as well as archaea, lichens, fungi, algae and tiny animals (tardigrades, or water bears) are now being investigated for their tolerance to extreme conditions in simulated or real space environments. Experimental results from exposure studies on the International Space Station and space probes for up to 1.5 years are presented and discussed. Suggestions for extaterrestrial energy sources are also indicated.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAudience\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResearchers and graduate students in microbiology, biochemistry, molecular biology and astrobiology, as well as anyone interested in the search for extraterrestrial life and its technical preparations.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Extremophiles in Environments on Earth with Similarity to Space Conditions 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Volcanic Steam Vents: Life at Low pH and High Temperature 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eRichard L. Weiss Bizzoco and Scott T. Kelley\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Steam Cave and Vent Sites 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Steam Cave and Vent Sample Collection 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Culture Isolation 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Cell Structure of Isolates 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Environmental Models 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Conclusions 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Rio Tinto: An Extreme Acidic Environmental Model of Astrobiological Interest 21\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eRicardo Amils and David Fernández-Remolar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Acidic Chemolithotrophy 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Rio Tinto Basin 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Biodiversity in the Tinto Basin 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Tinto Basin Sedimentary Geomicrobiology 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 The Iberian Pyrite Belt Dark Biosphere 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Methanogenesis in Non-Methanogenic Conditions 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Rio Tinto: A Geochemical and Mineralogical Terrestrial Analog of Mars 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Conclusions 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Blossoms of Rot: Microbial Life in Saline Organic-Rich Sediments 45\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eAdrian-Stefan Andrei, Paul-Adrian Bulzu and Horia Leonard Banciu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Overview of Saline Aquatic Systems 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Prerequisites of Organic Carbon-Rich Sediment Genesis in Saline Lakes 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Chemistry of Recent Organic Carbon-Rich Sediments in Saline Water Bodies 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Microbial Life in Saline Sapropels 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Relevance of Saline Sapropels 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Concluding Remarks 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 The Haloarchaea of Great Salt Lake as Models for Potential Extant Life on Mars 83\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMadelyn Bayles, Bradley C. Belasco, Alexander J. Breda, Calli B. Cahill, Adrik Z. Da Silva, Michael J. Regan Jr., Nicklaus K. Schlamp, Mariah P. Slagle and Bonnie K. Baxter\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 The Great Salt Lake System in the Bonneville Basin 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 The Transformation of an Ancient Wet Mars to a Modern Hostile Environment 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Life in Evaporitic Minerals on Earth 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Great Salt Lake Haloarchaea 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Haloarchaea Have Superpowers for Extreme Lifestyles 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Extant or Extinct Haloarchaea on Mars? 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Conclusions and Insights 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Arsenic-and Light Hydrocarbon-Rich Hypersaline Soda Lakes and Their Resident Microbes as Possible Models for Extraterrestrial Biomes 125\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eRonald S. Oremland\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Mars 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Enceladus 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Titan 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Antarctic Bacteria as Astrobiological Models 137\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eCarmel Abbott and David A. Pearce\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Antarctica as an Analogous Environment for Astrobiology 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Astrobiological Environments of Interest 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Bacterial Adaptations to Extreme Environments as Analogues for Astrobiology 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Antarctic Bacteria as Analogues for Astrobiology 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Endemic Antarctic Bacteria used in Astrobiology 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Cosmopolitan Bacteria Found in Antarctica and used in Astrobiology 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Conclusion 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Extremophilic Life in Our Oceans as Models for Astrobiology 161\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eRobert Y. George\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Southern Ocean Ecosystem: West Antarctic Peninsula Region 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Sea Ice Decline in WAP and Ice Shelf Collapse in Amundsen Sea 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Deoxygenation Leading toward Hypoxic Zone in Amundsen Sea 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Microbial Extremophiles in Southern Ocean 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Chemosynthetic Abyssal Ecosystems 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Hydrothermal Activity in Hrad Vallis on Mars 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Why Chemosynthetic Ecosystems Remind Us of Environmental Conditions When Life Originated in the Universe 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Ultra-Abyssal Ecosystem: Puerto Rico Trench 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Affiliations of Abyssal Life to Astrobiology: Some Perspectives 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Can We Find Protozoans Such as Xenophyophores on Other Planets? 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12 Barophilic Organisms in the Deep-Sea 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Extremophiles in Space (International Space Station, Others) and Simulated Space Environments 183\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Challenging the Survival Thresholds of a Desert Cyanobacterium under Laboratory Simulated and Space Conditions 185\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eDaniela Billi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Endurance of Chroococcidiopsis Under Air-Drying and Space Vacuum 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Endurance of Chroococcidiopsis Under Laboratory Simulated and Space Radiation 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 The Use of Chroococcidiopsis’s Survival Thresholds for Future Astrobiological Experiments 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Lichens as Astrobiological Models: Experiments to Fathom the Limits of Life in Extraterrestrial Environments 197\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eRosa de la Torre Noetzel and Leopoldo Garcia Sancho\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Survival of Lichens in Outer Space 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Space Environment: Relevance in Space Science 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Biological Effects of Space 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Current and Past Astrobiological Facilities for Experiments with Lichens 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Space Experiments with Lichens 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Simulation Studies 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Summary and Conclusions 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Future Possibilities and Recommendations 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Resistance of the Archaeon Halococcus morrhuae and the Biofilm-Forming Bacterium Halomonas muralis to Exposure to Low Earth Orbit for 534 Days 221\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eStefan Leuko, Helga Stan-Lotter, Greta Lamers, Sebastian Sjöström, Elke Rabbow, Andre Parpart and Petra Rettberg\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Material and Methods 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Results 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Discussion 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 The Amazing Journey of Cryomyces antarcticus from Antarctica to Space 237\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eSilvano Onofri, Claudia Pacelli, Laura Selbmann and Laura Zucconi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 The McMurdo Dry Valleys 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Cryptoendolithic Communities 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 The Black Microcolonial Yeast-like Fungus Cryomyces antarcticus 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 The Polyextremotolerance of Cryomyces antarcticus 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Cryomyces antarcticus and its Resistance to Radiation in Ground-Based Simulated Studies 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 C. antarcticus and its Resistance to Actual Space Exposure in Low Earth Orbit 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Conclusion 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Future Perspectives 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Reviews of Extremophiles on Earth and in Space 255\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Tardigrades -- Evolutionary Explorers in Extreme Environments 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eK. Ingemar Jönsson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 The Evolutionary Transition Towards Cryptobiotic Adaptations in Tardigrades 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Cryptobiosis as an Evolutionary Adaptive Strategy 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Defining Life in Cryptobiotic Animals 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 A Resilience Approach to the Cryptobiotic State 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Molecular Mechanisms for Structural Stability in the Dry State 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Tardigrades as Astrobiological Models 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Tardigrades -- Extremotolerants or Extremophiles? 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Spore-Forming Bacteria as Model Organisms for Studies in Astrobiology 275\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eWayne L. Nicholson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Historical Beginnings 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Revival of Lithopanspermia 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Testing Lithopanspermia Experimentally 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Lithopanspermia, Spores, and the Origin of Life 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Interstellar Lithopanspermia 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Humans as Agents of Panspermia 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Survival and Growth of Spores in the Mars Environment 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Potential Energy Production and Utilization Pathways of the Martian Subsurface: Clues from Extremophilic Microorganisms on Earth 291\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eVarun G. Paul and Melanie R. Mormile\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Energy Sources 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Conclusion 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePart IV Theory and Hypotheses 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Origin of Initial Communities of Thermophilic Extremophiles on Earth by Efficient Response to Oscillations in the Environment 319\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eVladimir N. Kompanichenko and Vladimir F. Levchenko\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Required Conditions for the Origin of Life: Necessity of Rapid-Frequency Oscillations of Parameters 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Parameters of the Environment for the Origin of Life 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Formation of Prebiotic Microsystem Clusters and Their Conversion into Primary Communities of Thermophilic Extremophiles 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Theoretical and Experimental Verification of the Proposed Approach 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Conclusion 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Extremophiles and Horizontal Gene Transfer: Clues to the Emergence of Life 329\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eSohan Jheeta\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 T-LUCAs, LUCAs and Progenotes 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Prebiotic World and T-LUCA 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Emergence of LUCA 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Chemical Composition of LUCA 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Emergence of Cellular Life Forms 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Evidence for Cellular Life Forms 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 The Hypotheses: Genetic First vs. Metabolism First 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 Extremophiles 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.10 The Viral Connection to the Origin of Life 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.11 Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.12 Mechanisms of HGT 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.13 Clues to the Origins of Life and a Phylogenetic Tree 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.14 Conclusion 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 What Do the DPANN Archaea and the CPR Bacteria Tell Us about the Last Universal Common Ancestors? 359\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eCharles H. Lineweaver\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 The Discovery of DPANN and CPR 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Common Features of CPR and DPANN 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 LUCA and the Deep-Rootedness of CPR and DPANN 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Short Branches, Deep Branches and Multiple LUCAs 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Viruses: LUCA without ‘Cellular’ 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Can Biogeochemistry Give Reliable Biomarkers in the Solar System? 369\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eJulian Chela-Flores\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Evidence of Life in the Solar System 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Extremophiles on Earth 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Extremophiles in Low Orbits Around the Earth 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Have There Been Extremophiles on the Moon? 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Have There Been Extremophiles on Mars? 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Europa is a Likely Location for an Extremophilic Ecosystem 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Are There Other Environments for Extremophiles in the Solar System? 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8 Are There Environments for Extremophiles on Exoplanets? 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 385\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Physics [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Physics\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Physics%20%5BPH%5D%22\"\u003ePH\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Scrivener","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52428627116312,"sku":"9781119591689","price":150.45,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9781119591689.jpg?v=1784682260","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/extremophiles-as-astrobiological-models-hardback-9781119591689","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}