{"product_id":"essentials-of-pharmaceutical-preformulation-paperback-softback-9780470976364","title":"Essentials of Pharmaceutical Preformulation (Paperback \/ softback) 9780470976364","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eEssentials of Pharmaceutical Preformulation\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eSimon Gaisford (Author), Mark Saunders (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9780470976364, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003ePaperback \/ softback, published 30 November 2012\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e268 pages\u003cbr\u003e24.5 x 16.9 x 1.3 cm, 0.522 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eEssentials of Pharmaceutical Preformulation\u003c\/i\u003e is a study guide which describes the basic principles of pharmaceutical physicochemical characterisation. Successful preformulation requires knowledge of fundamental molecular concepts (solubility, ionisation, partitioning, hygroscopicity and stability) and macroscopic properties (physical form, such as the crystalline and amorphous states, hydrates, solvates and co-crystals and powder properties), familiarity with the techniques used to measure them and appreciation of their effect on product performance, recognising that often there is a position of compromise to be reached between product stability and bioavailability.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis text introduces the basic concepts and discusses their wider implication for pharmaceutical development, with reference to many case examples of current drugs and drug products. Special attention is given to the principles and best-practice of the analytical techniques that underpin preformulation (UV spectrophotometry, TLC, DSC, XRPD and HPLC). The material is presented in the typical order that would be followed when developing a medicine and maps onto the indicative pharmacy syllabus of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUndergraduate-level pharmacy students and R\u0026amp;D \/ analytical scientists working in the pharmaceutical sector (with or without a pharmaceutical background) will find this text easy to follow with relevant pharmaceutical examples.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eEssential study guide for pharmacy and pharmaceutical science students\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers the pharmaceutical preformulation components of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain’s indicative syllabus\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEasy to follow text highlighted with relevant pharmaceutical examples\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSelf-assessment assignments in a variety of formats\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eWritten by authors with both academic and industrial experience\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCompanion website with further information to maximise learning\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Basic Principles of Preformulation Studies 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Assay design 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Assay development 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Concentrations 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Units of concentration 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 UV spectrophotometry 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Method development for UV assays 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 TLC method development 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 High-performance TLC 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 High-performance liquid chromatography 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1 Normal- and reverse-phase HPLC 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.2 HPLC method development 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Differential scanning calorimetry 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.1 Interpreting DSC data 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.2 Modulated-temperature DSC 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.3 DSC method development 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Dynamic vapour sorption 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.1 DVS method development 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Summary 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswer to study question 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional study questions 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Ionisation Constants 36\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Ionisation 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Percent ionisation 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Buffers 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Determination of pKa 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Determination of pKa by potentiometric titration 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Determination of pKa in nonaqueous solvents 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Other factors affecting measurement of pKa 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Summary 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to study questions 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional self-study questions and answers 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Partition Affinity 52\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Partitioning 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Effect of partitioning 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Determination of log P 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Effect of salt formation on partitioning 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Summary 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to study questions 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Solubility 65\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Intrinsic solubility 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Ideal solubility 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Solubility as a function of temperature 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Solubility and physical form 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Measurement of intrinsic solubility 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Calculation of pKa from solubility data 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Summary 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswer to study question 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional self-study questions and answers 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Dissolution 86\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Models of dissolution 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Dissolution testing 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 IDR as a function of pH 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 IDR and the common ion effect 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Summary 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Salt Selection 98\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Salt formation 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Selection of a salt-forming acid or base 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Salt screening 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Salt solubility 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Solubility of basic salts 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Solubility of acidic salts 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 The importance of pHmax 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Dissolution of salts 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Modification of pHm 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Partitioning of salts 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Summary 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to study questions 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Physical Form I – Crystalline Materials 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Crystal formation 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Crystal formation from the melt 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Crystal growth from solution 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Crystal structure 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Polymorphism 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Thermodynamics of polymorphism 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Physicochemical properties of polymorphs 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Pseudopolymorphism 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Polymorph screening 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Characterisation of physical form 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Characterisation of polymorphs 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 Characterisation of pseudopolymorphs 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Summary 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to study questions 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Physical Form II – Amorphous Materials 156\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Formation of amorphous materials 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Ageing of amorphous materials 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Characterisation of amorphous materials 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Measurement of ageing 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Processing and formation of amorphous material 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Spray-drying 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Freeze-drying 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 Quench-cooling 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4 Milling 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.5 Compaction 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Amorphous content quantification 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Calibration standards 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 DSC for amorphous content quantification 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.3 DVS for amorphous content quantification 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Summary 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to study questions 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Stability Assessment 181\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Degradation mechanisms 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Hydrolysis 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Solvolysis 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Oxidation 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.4 Photolysis 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Reaction kinetics 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Solution-phase kinetics 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Zero-order reactions 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 First-order kinetics 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 Second-order reactions 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.5 Solid-state kinetics 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 The temperature dependence of reaction kinetics 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Stress testing 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Stress testing in solution 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Stress testing in the solid-state 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 Drug–excipient compatibility testing 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Summary 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to study questions 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Particle Properties 211\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Microscopy 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Light microscopy 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Hot-stage microscopy 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Electron microscopy 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Atomic force microscopy 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Particle shape 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Habit 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Particle sizing 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Particle size distributions 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Summary 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswer to study question 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Powder Properties 228\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Powder flow and consolidation 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Carr’s index 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Hausner ratio 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Angle of repose 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Mohr diagrams 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Compaction properties 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Compaction simulators 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Summary 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to study questions 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompanion website\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book is accompanied by a companion website at: ttp:\/\/www.wiley.com\/go\/gaisford\/essentials\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVisit the website for:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Figures and tables from the book\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Multiple choice questions\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Biochemical engineering [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Biochemical engineering\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Biochemical%20engineering%20%5BTC%5D%22\"\u003eTC\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52507409154328,"sku":"9780470976364","price":44.79,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9780470976364.jpg?v=1786445968","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/essentials-of-pharmaceutical-preformulation-paperback-softback-9780470976364","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}