{"product_id":"dynamic-syntax-the-flow-of-language-understanding-paperback-softback-9780631176138","title":"Dynamic Syntax; The Flow of Language Understanding (Paperback \/ softback) 9780631176138","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eDynamic Syntax\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eThe Flow of Language Understanding\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eRuth Kempson (Author), Wilfried Meyer-Viol (Author), Dov M. Gabbay (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9780631176138, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003ePaperback \/ softback, published 30 November 2000\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e368 pages\u003cbr\u003e24.9 x 17.3 x 2.9 cm, 0.635 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\"The framework of \u003ci\u003eDynamic Syntax\u003c\/i\u003e is the most exciting new development in syntactic theory to emerge in recent years. As well as providing a full introduction to the framework, this book provides in-depth discussions of relative clause constructions, \u003ci\u003ewh\u003c\/i\u003e questions and crossover phenomena in a range of languages including English, Arabic and Japanese. This book is likely to become a classic and will be of interest to all those interested in the syntactic modelling of natural languages.\" \u003ci\u003eRonnie Cann, University of Edinburgh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"This is an important book and ... the ideas presented in it deserve the close attention of syntacticians and semanticists.\" \u003ci\u003eLinguist List\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eThis ground-breaking volume sets out an original model of the dynamics of language processing, which can be used to explain the structural properties of language in a simple and elegant way. The model is introduced both informally and formally, and is applied to a range of languages.\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Towards a Syntactic Model of Interpretation 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Natural Language as a Formal Language? 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Underspecification in Language Processing 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 The Representational Theory of Mind 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Pronominal Anaphora: Semantic Problems 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 The Problem of Multiple Ambiguity 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 The Problem of Uniqueness 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 The Problem of Indirect Reference 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 Quantification 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Syntactic Processes of Anaphora 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 The Anaphora Solution – Towards a Representational Account 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 The General Framework 18\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 A Preliminary Sketch 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 The Data Structures of the Parsing Model 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Atomic Formulae 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Tree Modalities 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Basic Tree Structures 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Partial Tree Structures 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5 Requirements 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.6 Descriptions of Tree Structures 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 The Dynamics of Tree Building 55\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 The Parsing Process – A Sketch 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 A Basic Example 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 A Left-Dislocation Example 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 Verb-final Languages and the Grammar-parser Problem 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 The Parsing Process Defined 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Computational Rules 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Lexical Transitions 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Pragmatic Actions and Lexical Constraints 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Summary 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Linked Tree Structures 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Relative Clauses – Preliminaries 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 The LINK Relation 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 The Data Reviewed 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 The Analysis – A Sketch for English 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Defining Linked Tree Structures 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Relativizers Annotating Unfixed Nodes 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Relatives: Towards a Dynamic Typology 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Relativizers Projecting a Requirement 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Variation in Locality 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Topic Structures and Relatives 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Variation in Order – Head-Final Relatives 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Head-internal Relatives 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6 The Potential for Lexical Variation 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Genitive Constructions as \u003ci\u003eLINK\u003c\/i\u003e Structures 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Summary 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Wh Questions: A General Perspective 150\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 The Semantic Diversity of \u003ci\u003ewh\u003c\/i\u003e Questions 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Scopal Properties of \u003ci\u003ewh\u003c\/i\u003e Expressions 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3\u003ci\u003e Wh \u003c\/i\u003einitial vs -in-situ Structures 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 \u003ci\u003eWh\u003c\/i\u003e-in-situ Structures 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 \u003ci\u003eWh\u003c\/i\u003e-in-situ from a Dynamic Perspective 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Expletive \u003ci\u003ewh\u003c\/i\u003e Structures 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Partial Movement 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Partial Movement as a Reflex of a Requirement 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 \u003ci\u003eWh\u003c\/i\u003e Expressions and Scope Effects 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. Crossover Phenomena 190\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Crossover – The Problem 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Crossover – The Dynamic Account 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Crossover in Relatives 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Crossover Phenomena in Questions 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Summary 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Quantification Preliminaries 223\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Scope Effects and Indefinites 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Quantification 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Quantified NPs 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Scope 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Term Reconstructions 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Applications – E-type Anaphora 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Reflections on Language Design 253\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 The Overall Perspective 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Underspecification and the Formal Language Metaphor 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 English is not a Formal Language 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Well-formedness and Availability of Interpretations 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Universals and Language Variation 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 On Knowledge of Language 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 The Formal Framework 268\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Declarative Structure 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Feature-decorated Tree Construction 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Goal directedness 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 The Structure of Goal-directed Partial Tree Models 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.4 Tree Descriptions 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Procedural Structure 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Actions over Goal-directed Partial Tree Models 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Natural Languages 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Axioms 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Finite Binary trees 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Partial Trees 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Requirements 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 Actions 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.5 Partial Order 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.6 Logical Forms 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.7 Computational Rules 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.8 Update Actions 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.9 Pragmatic Actions 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Index 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSymbol Index 347\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Language teaching \u0026amp; learning [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Language teaching \u0026amp; learning\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Language%20teaching%20\u0026amp;%20learning%20%5Bother%20than%20ELT%5D%20%5BCJ%5D%22\"\u003eother than ELT CJ\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52316771909912,"sku":"9780631176138","price":53.77,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9780631176138.jpg?v=1781824364","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/dynamic-syntax-the-flow-of-language-understanding-paperback-softback-9780631176138","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}