{"product_id":"drinking-water-treatment-5-calco-carbonic-equilibrium-and-disinfection-hardback-9781786307873","title":"Drinking Water Treatment 5; Calco-carbonic Equilibrium and Disinfection (Hardback) 9781786307873","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eDrinking Water Treatment 5\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eCalco-carbonic Equilibrium and Disinfection\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eKader Gaid (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9781786307873, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 31 July 2023\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e368 pages\u003cbr\u003e23.5 x 15.6 x 2.3 cm, 0.785 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eToday, hundreds of millions of people drink contaminated water without knowing it. Yet water treatment technologies can effectively eliminate contamination and can supply urban and rural populations with safe drinking water in a secure way.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor almost two centuries, the huge number of treatments available to guarantee water quality has grown alongside technological progress, the strengthening of industry norms and the reinforcement of consumer expectations. New treatment methods have been developed according to the advancement of knowledge and new sanitary regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis five-volume book sets out to clearly present the variety of treatments available along with their performance, limitations and conditions of use as well as ways to combine them to produce safe drinking water, which is a basic need essential to everyday life.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe author shares his expertise acquired at Veolia, a company that is a world leader in water services and sanitation, desalination of sea water and the recycling of wastewater. Founded in France in 1853 to bring safe water to populations and to protect them from waterborne epidemics which ravaged cities, its history is intertwined with that of water treatment.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 20 Calco-carbonic Equilibrium, Correction of Aggressivity and Remineralization 1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e20.1 Characteristics of water leading to calco-carbonic equilibrium 2\u003cbr\u003e20.1.1 Chemical equilibria 2\u003cbr\u003e20.1.2 Aggressive water 12\u003cbr\u003e20.1.3 Scaling water 12\u003cbr\u003e20.1.4 Corrosive water 12\u003cbr\u003e20.2 The equilibrium reactions of water's constituents 15\u003cbr\u003e20.2.1 Equilibrium pH 16\u003cbr\u003e20.2.2 Langelier equation 20\u003cbr\u003e20.3 Hallopeau–Dubin diagram 25\u003cbr\u003e20.4 Indicative criteria to determine the aggressivity or corrosivity of water 29\u003cbr\u003e20.4.1 Indicators of aggressivity: concrete pipelines 29\u003cbr\u003e20.4.2 Corrosivity indicators 32\u003cbr\u003e20.5 The calco-carbonic equilibrium of water 36\u003cbr\u003e20.5.1 Water quality and regulations 38\u003cbr\u003e20.5.2 The correction of aggressivity 38\u003cbr\u003e20.5.3 Aggressivity correction treatments 39\u003cbr\u003e20.6 Remineralization treatments 60\u003cbr\u003e20.6.1 Graphic method 61\u003cbr\u003e20.6.2 Processes for implementing remineralization: chemical reactions in tanks 62\u003cbr\u003e20.7 Characteristics of the various reagents used 85\u003cbr\u003e20.7.1 Lime 85\u003cbr\u003e20.7.2 \"Micronized\" lime 86\u003cbr\u003e20.7.3 Caustic soda 86\u003cbr\u003e20.7.4 Caustic soda at 50% 87\u003cbr\u003e20.7.5 Caustic soda flakes or grains 87\u003cbr\u003e20.7.6 Sodium carbonate 88\u003cbr\u003e20.7.7 Sodium bicarbonate 89\u003cbr\u003e20.7.8 Calcium carbonate 89\u003cbr\u003e20.7.9 Acticalmag limestone 90\u003cbr\u003e20.7.10 Magno 90\u003cbr\u003e20.7.11 Calcium sulfate 91\u003cbr\u003e20.7.12 Calcium chloride 92\u003cbr\u003e20.7.13 Carbon dioxide 92\u003cbr\u003e20.7.14 Sulfuric acid (90–98%) 93\u003cbr\u003e20.7.15 Hydrochloric acid 94\u003cbr\u003e20.8 References 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 21 Disinfection 99\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e21.1 Microorganisms present in the water 99\u003cbr\u003e21.1.1 Bacteria 99\u003cbr\u003e21.1.2 Indicator microorganisms or test germs 102\u003cbr\u003e21.1.3 Viruses 104\u003cbr\u003e21.1.4 Parasites 105\u003cbr\u003e21.1.5 Micro-algae 107\u003cbr\u003e21.2 Quality of potable water 108\u003cbr\u003e21.2.1 French regulations 108\u003cbr\u003e21.3 General rules of chemical disinfection 110\u003cbr\u003e21.3.1 Disinfection mechanisms 110\u003cbr\u003e21.3.2 The mode of action of chemical disinfectants 111\u003cbr\u003e21.3.3 Inactivation kinetics 112\u003cbr\u003e21.3.4 The notion of Ct 113\u003cbr\u003e21.4 Factors affecting the efficiency of chemical disinfection 117\u003cbr\u003e21.4.1 Contact time 117\u003cbr\u003e21.4.2 Turbidity 118\u003cbr\u003e21.4.3 Presence of oxidizable matter 118\u003cbr\u003e21.4.4 pH 119\u003cbr\u003e21.4.5 Injection mode and injection point 119\u003cbr\u003e21.4.6 Design of the contact tank 119\u003cbr\u003e21.5 Qualities of a good disinfectant 120\u003cbr\u003e21.6 Chlorine disinfection 121\u003cbr\u003e21.6.1 Gaseous chlorine 122\u003cbr\u003e21.6.2 Hypochlorite 124\u003cbr\u003e21.6.3 Chlorine application points 128\u003cbr\u003e21.6.4 Oxidant demand 132\u003cbr\u003e21.6.5 The implementation of chlorination 137\u003cbr\u003e21.6.6 Disinfection performances with chlorine 146\u003cbr\u003e21.6.7 Synthesis of chlorine reactions 148\u003cbr\u003e21.7 Calcium hypochlorite 149\u003cbr\u003e21.8 Chlorine dioxide disinfection 150\u003cbr\u003e21.8.1 Chlorine dioxide preparation 151\u003cbr\u003e21.8.2 Chlorine dioxide performances 155\u003cbr\u003e21.8.3 Dechlorination 157\u003cbr\u003e21.8.4 The advantages of dioxide over chlorine 159\u003cbr\u003e21.8.5 The special case of the use of chlorine dioxide at a station equipped with ozone 160\u003cbr\u003e21.8.6 Advantages and drawbacks of using chlorine dioxide 160\u003cbr\u003e21.9 Chloramination 161\u003cbr\u003e21.9.1 Principle 161\u003cbr\u003e21.9.2 Implementation 163\u003cbr\u003e21.9.3 Performances of monochloramine 164\u003cbr\u003e21.9.4 Dechloramination 165\u003cbr\u003e21.9.5 Advantages and drawbacks of chloramination 166\u003cbr\u003e21.10 Proportion of chlorine in chlorine disinfectants 167\u003cbr\u003e21.11 Disinfection with ozone 168\u003cbr\u003e21.11.1 General remarks on ozone 168\u003cbr\u003e21.11.2 Ozone production 170\u003cbr\u003e21.11.3 Ozone demand 172\u003cbr\u003e21.11.4 The implementation of ozonation 174\u003cbr\u003e21.11.5 Performances of ozone disinfection 181\u003cbr\u003e21.11.6 De-ozonation 183\u003cbr\u003e21.12 Criteria for choosing a chemical disinfection technique 184\u003cbr\u003e21.12.1 Practical implementation of chemical disinfection 184\u003cbr\u003e21.12.2 Comparative efficiency of the main techniques 185\u003cbr\u003e21.13 Another chemical disinfectant used: bromine (Br 2) 187\u003cbr\u003e21.14 Disinfection by ultraviolet radiation 187\u003cbr\u003e21.14.1 General remarks on UV radiation 187\u003cbr\u003e21.14.2 Inactivation mechanisms 189\u003cbr\u003e21.14.3 Lethal dose and inactivation kinetics 190\u003cbr\u003e21.14.4 Implementation 194\u003cbr\u003e21.14.5 UV disinfection design parameters 199\u003cbr\u003e21.14.6 Factors affecting the efficiency of a UV treatment 200\u003cbr\u003e21.14.7 UV radiation performances 204\u003cbr\u003e21.14.8 Photoreactivation 208\u003cbr\u003e21.14.9 Advantages and drawbacks of UV disinfection 209\u003cbr\u003e21.14.10 Conclusions on UV disinfection 209\u003cbr\u003e21.15. Comparative criteria between the various chemical disinfectants 210\u003cbr\u003e21.16 References 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 22 Disinfection By-products 217\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e22.1 General aspects 217\u003cbr\u003e22.2 Reaction by-products 218\u003cbr\u003e22.3 Formation and evolution of chlorination by-products 222\u003cbr\u003e22.4 Kinetics and formation mechanisms 224\u003cbr\u003e22.4.1 Formation kinetics 224\u003cbr\u003e22.4.2 Mechanisms 226\u003cbr\u003e22.4.3 Chlorination of HS 228\u003cbr\u003e22.4.4 Chlorination of carboxylic acids 230\u003cbr\u003e22.4.5 Factors influencing the formation of DBPs 230\u003cbr\u003e22.5 Regulations 238\u003cbr\u003e22.6 Predictive models of CBPs 239\u003cbr\u003e22.7 Removal of THMs and HAAs 240\u003cbr\u003e22.7.1 Aeration 240\u003cbr\u003e22.7.2 Activated carbon 242\u003cbr\u003e22.7.3 Biofiltration 246\u003cbr\u003e22.7.4 High-pressure membranes 246\u003cbr\u003e22.8 The case of nitrosamines and NDMA 247\u003cbr\u003e22.8.1 Nitrosation mechanism with HOCl 247\u003cbr\u003e22.9 Oxidation by-products related to chlorine dioxide 248\u003cbr\u003e22.10 Ozonation by-products 251\u003cbr\u003e22.11 Recommendations 254\u003cbr\u003e22.12 References 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 23 Sludge Treatment 261\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e23.1 Choosing a treatment chain 262\u003cbr\u003e23.2 Characteristics of drinking water sludge 263\u003cbr\u003e23.2.1 The quantity of sludge produced 263\u003cbr\u003e23.2.2 Sludge concentration estimate at different stages of the chain 265\u003cbr\u003e23.2.3 Sludge quality: physical and chemical properties 266\u003cbr\u003e23.3 Handling and storage: shovelable and stackable nature 268\u003cbr\u003e23.4 Different classes of sludge 269\u003cbr\u003e23.4.1 Hydroxide sludge 269\u003cbr\u003e23.4.2 Softening sludge 269\u003cbr\u003e23.4.3 Metal species sludge treatment 270\u003cbr\u003e23.4.4 Biological sludge 270\u003cbr\u003e23.4.5 The case of mixed sludge 270\u003cbr\u003e23.5 Sludge composition depending on the characteristics of raw water 271\u003cbr\u003e23.5.1 Surface water sludge 271\u003cbr\u003e23.5.2 Treatment sludge with coagulants (Fe or Al) 272\u003cbr\u003e23.5.3 Borehole sludge 272\u003cbr\u003e23.6 Thickening of drinking water sludge 273\u003cbr\u003e23.6.1 Function and criteria for choosing a thickener 273\u003cbr\u003e23.6.2 Thickener design 275\u003cbr\u003e23.6.3 Implementation of thickeners 281\u003cbr\u003e23.6.4 Flotation 286\u003cbr\u003e23.7 Drinking water sludge dewatering 288\u003cbr\u003e23.7.1 Plate filter 288\u003cbr\u003e23.7.2 Centrifugation 291\u003cbr\u003e23.7.3 Belt filters 294\u003cbr\u003e23.7.4 Filter bags 295\u003cbr\u003e23.7.5 Drying beds 296\u003cbr\u003e23.7.6 Sludge lagoon treatment 302\u003cbr\u003e23.8 Advantages and drawbacks of the different sludge dewatering treatments 304\u003cbr\u003e23.9 References 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 24 The Treatment Chain: Conception and Design 307\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e24.1 The treatment chain 309\u003cbr\u003e24.2 The definition of a treatment chain 310\u003cbr\u003e24.3 The stages of a treatment chain 313\u003cbr\u003e24.4 The renovation of water treatment plants 315\u003cbr\u003e24.4.1 Adaptation of new goals 316\u003cbr\u003e24.4.2 The choice of treatment technologies 317\u003cbr\u003e24.5 References 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 25 The Future of Water 327\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e25.1 The major elements of the future of water 327\u003cbr\u003e25.2 Will there be enough water? 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 333\u003cbr\u003eSummaries of other volumes 335\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Civil engineering, surveying \u0026amp; building [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Civil engineering, surveying \u0026amp; building\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Civil%20engineering,%20surveying%20\u0026amp;%20building%20%5BTN%5D%22\"\u003eTN\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley-ISTE","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52446783635736,"sku":"9781786307873","price":98.29,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9781786307873.jpg?v=1785113490","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/drinking-water-treatment-5-calco-carbonic-equilibrium-and-disinfection-hardback-9781786307873","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}