{"product_id":"drinking-water-treatment-4-membranes-applied-to-drinking-water-and-desalination-hardback-9781786307866","title":"Drinking Water Treatment 4; Membranes Applied to Drinking Water and Desalination (Hardback) 9781786307866","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eDrinking Water Treatment 4\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eMembranes Applied to Drinking Water and Desalination\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eKader Gaid (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9781786307866, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 31 July 2023\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e416 pages\u003cbr\u003e23.5 x 15.6 x 2.6 cm, 0.857 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eToday, hundreds of millions of people drink contaminated water without knowing it. Yet water treatment technologies can effectively eliminate contamination and can supply urban and rural populations with safe drinking water in a secure way.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor almost two centuries, the huge number of treatments available to guarantee water quality has grown alongside technological progress, the strengthening of industry norms and the reinforcement of consumer expectations. New treatment methods have been developed according to the advancement of knowledge and new sanitary regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis five-volume book sets out to clearly present the variety of treatments available along with their performance, limitations and conditions of use as well as ways to combine them to produce safe drinking water, which is a basic need essential to everyday life.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe author shares his expertise acquired at Veolia, a company that is a world leader in water services and sanitation, desalination of sea water and the recycling of wastewater. Founded in France in 1853 to bring safe water to populations and to protect them from waterborne epidemics which ravaged cities, its history is intertwined with that of water treatment.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 17 Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration 1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e17.1 UF and MF: cut-off 2\u003cbr\u003e17.2 UF and MF: materials 6\u003cbr\u003e17.2.1 Cellulose acetate 6\u003cbr\u003e17.2.2 Polypropylene 7\u003cbr\u003e17.2.3 Polyacrylonitrile 7\u003cbr\u003e17.2.4 Polyether sulfone\/polysulfone 7\u003cbr\u003e17.2.5 Polyvinylidene fluoride 8\u003cbr\u003e17.3 UF and MF: membrane types 8\u003cbr\u003e17.4 UF and MF: implementation of membranes under pressure 11\u003cbr\u003e17.4.1 Horizontal-vertical configuration 13\u003cbr\u003e17.4.2 Submerged membranes 17\u003cbr\u003e17.5 Filtration modes: frontal or tangential 19\u003cbr\u003e17.5.1 Batch operation: filtration-backwash 21\u003cbr\u003e17.5.2 Filtration direction 21\u003cbr\u003e17.6 Sizing parameters: membrane selection 22\u003cbr\u003e17.7 Sizing parameters: horizontal or vertical configuration 25\u003cbr\u003e17.8 Sizing parameters: flow 25\u003cbr\u003e17.8.1 Instantaneous flow and net flow 26\u003cbr\u003e17.8.2 Transmembrane pressure 31\u003cbr\u003e17.8.3 Resistance 33\u003cbr\u003e17.8.4 Permeability 33\u003cbr\u003e17.8.5 Principle of the calculation of the membrane surface and water losses 35\u003cbr\u003e17.8.6 Pre-filters 37\u003cbr\u003e17.9 Operating parameters 37\u003cbr\u003e17.9.1 Evolution of the permeability 37\u003cbr\u003e17.9.2 Clogging 38\u003cbr\u003e17.9.3 Frequency and conditions of hydraulic and chemical backwashing 46\u003cbr\u003e17.9.4 Frequency and conditions of CIP 53\u003cbr\u003e17.9.5 Membrane integrity 56\u003cbr\u003e17.10 MF and UF's place in a treatment process 62\u003cbr\u003e17.10.1 Turbidity and SS 63\u003cbr\u003e17.10.2 TOC (and UV254) 63\u003cbr\u003e17.10.3 Algae 63\u003cbr\u003e17.10.4 Iron and manganese 63\u003cbr\u003e17.11 Combination of coagulation and UF membranes 71\u003cbr\u003e17.12 Combination of PAC and UF 75\u003cbr\u003e17.13 Performance and guarantees 76\u003cbr\u003e17.13.1 Turbidity 76\u003cbr\u003e17.13.2 Supplier warranty on the life of the membranes 86\u003cbr\u003e17.14 Advantages of MF and UF 87\u003cbr\u003e17.15 Veolia's experience 87\u003cbr\u003e17.16 Appendix: sheets 92\u003cbr\u003e17.17 References 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 18 Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis 111\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e18.1 Membranes 112\u003cbr\u003e18.1.1 Materials 112\u003cbr\u003e18.1.2 Membrane element configurations 115\u003cbr\u003e18.2 Principles of operation and separation 119\u003cbr\u003e18.2.1 Conceptual principle 119\u003cbr\u003e18.2.2 Molecular weight cut-off 124\u003cbr\u003e18.3 Treatment process including high-pressure membranes and parameters to be considered 127\u003cbr\u003e18.3.1 Particulates and SS 127\u003cbr\u003e18.3.2 Particle count 128\u003cbr\u003e18.3.3 Conductivity 128\u003cbr\u003e18.3.4 The SDI or MFI: clogging indices 128\u003cbr\u003e18.3.5 The SDI 128\u003cbr\u003e18.3.6 The MFI 130\u003cbr\u003e18.3.7 Salts and metals 131\u003cbr\u003e18.3.8 Biological clogging 132\u003cbr\u003e18.3.9 Undesirable substances 133\u003cbr\u003e18.3.10 Limit values of compounds at the inlet of high-pressure membranes 133\u003cbr\u003e18.4 Sizing parameters 134\u003cbr\u003e18.4.1 Temperature 134\u003cbr\u003e18.4.2 Implementation configuration 134\u003cbr\u003e18.4.3 Calculation of the osmotic pressure 138\u003cbr\u003e18.4.4 Mass flow diagram 139\u003cbr\u003e18.4.5 Salt passage 140\u003cbr\u003e18.4.6 Concentration factor 140\u003cbr\u003e18.4.7 Hydraulic pressure loss 140\u003cbr\u003e18.4.8 Pressure tubes and number of modules per tube 141\u003cbr\u003e18.5 Chemical conditioning of pre-treated water 143\u003cbr\u003e18.5.1 Calculation of saturation indices and antiscalant dosage 143\u003cbr\u003e18.5.2 Choice and implementation of the antiscalant 146\u003cbr\u003e18.5.3 pH adjustment at the membrane inlet 147\u003cbr\u003e18.5.4 Choice and application of the acid 148\u003cbr\u003e18.5.5 Influence of sulfates 148\u003cbr\u003e18.6 Design and implementation 148\u003cbr\u003e18.6.1 Pre-treatment 148\u003cbr\u003e18.6.2 Treatment processes 149\u003cbr\u003e18.6.3 Membrane station 152\u003cbr\u003e18.6.4 Post-treatment 158\u003cbr\u003e18.6.5 Cleaning units in place 159\u003cbr\u003e18.7 Functional and operating parameters 162\u003cbr\u003e18.7.1 Basic principles 162\u003cbr\u003e18.7.2 Permeability (Lp) 166\u003cbr\u003e18.7.3 Longitudinal pressure drop (ΔPfc) 166\u003cbr\u003e18.7.4 Hydraulic resistance 167\u003cbr\u003e18.7.5 Energy 167\u003cbr\u003e18.7.6 Sdi 168\u003cbr\u003e18.7.7 Chemical cleaning 168\u003cbr\u003e18.7.8 The fate of concentrates and used washing solutions 168\u003cbr\u003e18.7.9 Methods for assessing the impact of concentrate discharges in the natural environment 171\u003cbr\u003e18.8 High-pressure membrane performance 174\u003cbr\u003e18.8.1 Organic matter 175\u003cbr\u003e18.8.2 Pesticides, drug residues, endocrine disruptors and industrial residues 176\u003cbr\u003e18.8.3 Various toxic and undesirable substances 177\u003cbr\u003e18.8.4 Salts 177\u003cbr\u003e18.8.5 Micro-organisms 178\u003cbr\u003e18.8.6 Overall performance 179\u003cbr\u003e18.9 Lifetime warranties 179\u003cbr\u003e18.10 Parameters affecting the performance of NF membranes 180\u003cbr\u003e18.10.1 Taking clogging into account 181\u003cbr\u003e18.11 Monitoring and control parameters: standardization of raw data 182\u003cbr\u003e18.12 Veolia’s experience: examples of treatment processes 184\u003cbr\u003e18.12.1 Surface water No 1 184\u003cbr\u003e18.12.2 Surface water No 2 188\u003cbr\u003e18.12.3 Groundwater No 1 193\u003cbr\u003e18.12.4 Groundwater No 2 195\u003cbr\u003e18.13 References 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 19 Desalination by Reverse Osmosis 205\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e19.1 Characterization of the water to be treated 205\u003cbr\u003e19.1.1 Physical characteristics 207\u003cbr\u003e19.1.2 Chemical composition: ionic content 214\u003cbr\u003e19.1.3 Chemical composition: organic substances 224\u003cbr\u003e19.2 Fields of application 234\u003cbr\u003e19.3 Operating principle of RO 234\u003cbr\u003e19.4 The membranes used in desalination 237\u003cbr\u003e19.5 Sizing parameters 238\u003cbr\u003e19.5.1 Flow 239\u003cbr\u003e19.5.2 Concentration polarization 240\u003cbr\u003e19.5.3 Conversion rate 240\u003cbr\u003e19.5.4 Passage rate and rejection rate in salts 241\u003cbr\u003e19.5.5 Influence of the temperature 242\u003cbr\u003e19.5.6 Determining the number of modules and pressure tubes 243\u003cbr\u003e19.6 Implementation 244\u003cbr\u003e19.6.1 Membranes 244\u003cbr\u003e19.6.2 Pressure tube 245\u003cbr\u003e19.6.3 Pass 246\u003cbr\u003e19.7 Pre-treatment 246\u003cbr\u003e19.7.1 Pre-treatment selection 246\u003cbr\u003e19.7.2 Pre-treatment systems 250\u003cbr\u003e19.8 Pre-chlorination 254\u003cbr\u003e19.8.1 Pre-chlorination and development of micro- and macro-organisms 254\u003cbr\u003e19.8.2 Implementation of chlorination 257\u003cbr\u003e19.8.3 pH adjustment 263\u003cbr\u003e19.8.4 Direct filtration 263\u003cbr\u003e19.8.5 Chemical conditions of implementation 273\u003cbr\u003e19.8.6 Flotation 276\u003cbr\u003e19.8.7 Settling 281\u003cbr\u003e19.8.8 Membranes (UF and MF) 282\u003cbr\u003e19.8.9 Conclusions on pre-treatment with UF membranes 291\u003cbr\u003e19.9 Energy consumption 292\u003cbr\u003e19.9.1 Energy consumption without recovery 292\u003cbr\u003e19.9.2 Energy consumption with recovery 293\u003cbr\u003e19.9.3 Hydraulic exchanger systems 293\u003cbr\u003e19.10 Operating parameters 305\u003cbr\u003e19.10.1 Relationship between conductivity and salt concentration 305\u003cbr\u003e19.10.2 Controlling RO membrane clogging 306\u003cbr\u003e19.11 Performance of RO membranes used in desalination 307\u003cbr\u003e19.11.1 Boron removal 307\u003cbr\u003e19.12 Post-treatment 315\u003cbr\u003e19.12.1 Indicators characterizing the aggressiveness or corrosiveness of the water 317\u003cbr\u003e19.12.2 Application to desalinated water 320\u003cbr\u003e19.12.3 Treatments 322\u003cbr\u003e19.13 Monitoring and control parameters 336\u003cbr\u003e19.13.1 Standardization of raw data 336\u003cbr\u003e19.13.2 Bromates 338\u003cbr\u003e19.14 Veolia's new processes applied to seawater desalination 339\u003cbr\u003e19.14.1 Flotation with the Spidflow process 339\u003cbr\u003e19.14.2 Spidflow filter process applied to seawater desalination 344\u003cbr\u003e19.14.3 BiopROtector 349\u003cbr\u003e19.14.4 Barrel (SIDEM Veolia) 353\u003cbr\u003e19.14.5 Hiprode 355\u003cbr\u003e19.15 Packaged solutions in desalination 358\u003cbr\u003e19.16 Veolia's experience (HP membranes) 360\u003cbr\u003e19.17 References 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 385\u003cbr\u003eSummaries of other volumes 387\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Civil engineering, surveying \u0026amp; building [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Civil engineering, surveying \u0026amp; building\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Civil%20engineering,%20surveying%20\u0026amp;%20building%20%5BTN%5D%22\"\u003eTN\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley-ISTE","offers":[{"title":"Brand 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