{"product_id":"deactivation-of-heavy-oil-hydroprocessing-catalysts-fundamentals-and-modeling-hardback-9781118769843","title":"Deactivation of Heavy Oil Hydroprocessing Catalysts; Fundamentals and Modeling (Hardback) 9781118769843","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eDeactivation of Heavy Oil Hydroprocessing Catalysts\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eFundamentals and Modeling\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eJorge Ancheyta (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9781118769843, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 7 October 2016\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e336 pages\u003cbr\u003e23.9 x 15.8 x 2.5 cm, 0.544 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eWritten by a scientist and researcher with more than 25 years of experience in the field, this serves as a complete guide to catalyst activity loss during the hydroprocessing of heavy oils. \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eExplores the physical and chemical properties of heavy oils and hydroprocessing catalysts; the mechanisms of catalyst deactivation; catalyst characterization by a variety of techniques and reaction conditions; laboratory and commercial information for model validations; and more\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDemonstrates how to develop correlations and models for a variety of reaction scales with step-by-step descriptions and detailed experimental data\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eContains important implications for increasing operational efficiencies within the petroleum industry\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAn essential reference for professionals and researchers working in the refining industry as well as students taking courses on chemical reaction engineering\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout the Author xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Properties of Heavy Oils 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Refining of Petroleum 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Desalting 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Atmospheric or Primary Distillation 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Vacuum or Secondary Distillation 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Solvent Extraction and Dewaxing 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5 Deasphalting 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.6 Gas and Liquid Sweetening 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.7 Sour Water Treatment 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.8 Catalytic Reforming 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.9 Isomerization 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.10 Alkylation 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.11 Polymerization 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.12 Catalytic Hydrotreating 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.13 Fluid Catalytic Cracking 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.14 Gasification 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.15 Coking 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.16 Visbreaking 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.17 Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracking (RFCC) 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.18 Hydrovisbreaking Process 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.19 Fixed-Bed Hydroprocessing 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.20 Moving-Bed Hydroprocessing 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.21 Ebullated-Bed Hydroprocessing 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.22 Slurry-Bed Hydroprocessing 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Properties of Heavy Petroleum 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Physical and Chemical Properties 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Asphaltenes 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Tendency to Coke Formation 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Viscosity of Crude Oils and Blends 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.5 Stability and Compatibility 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Assay of Petroleum 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Properties of Catalysts for Heavy Oil Hydroprocessing 31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Hydroprocessing Catalyst 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Catalyst Support 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Chemical Composition 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Shape and Size 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Pore Size Distribution 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5 Mechanical Properties 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.6 Active Metals 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Characterization of Catalysts 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Activity 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Textural Properties 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Surface Properties 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 General Aspects for Developing Catalysts for Hydroprocessing of Heavy Crude 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Preparation of Supports 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Preparation of Catalysts 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Characterization of Catalysts 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Catalyst for Maya Crude Oil Hydroprocessing 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Composition of Maya Crude Oil 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Catalyst Loading and Pretreatment 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Feedstocks and Characterization Techniques 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.4 Active Sites and Catalytic Activity 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.5 Experiments with Naphtha Diluted Feedstock 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.6 Experiments with Diesel Diluted Feedstock 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.7 Experiments with Pure Maya Crude Oil 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.8 Characterization of Spent Catalysts 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.9 Final Comments 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Concluding Remarks 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Deactivation of Hydroprocessing Catalysts 89\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Hydroprocessing of Heavy Oils 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 General Aspects 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Reactors for Hydroprocessing 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Process Variables 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Effect of Reaction Conditions on Catalyst Deactivation 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Mechanisms of Catalyst Deactivation 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Asphaltenes and Their Effect on Catalyst Deactivation 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Thermal Reaction 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Catalytic Reaction 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Characterization of Spent Hydroprocessing Catalyst 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Characterization Techniques 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Temperature Programmed Oxidation (TPO) 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Raman Spectrometry 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 SEM-EDX Analysis 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Early Deactivation of Different Supported CoMo Catalysts 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Experimental Procedure 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Results and Discussion 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Conclusions 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Carbon and Metal Deposition During the Hydroprocessing of Maya Crude Oil 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Preparation Evaluation and Characterization of Catalyst 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Catalyst Characterization 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Results and Discussion 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Conclusions 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Characterization Study of NiMo\/SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e Spent Hydroprocessing Catalysts for Heavy Oils 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Samples of Spent Catalysts 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Catalyst Characterization 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Results and Discussion 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Conclusions 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Characterization of Spent Catalysts Along a Bench-Scale Reactor 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Experimental Procedure 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Results 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Discussion 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4 Conclusions 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Hydrodesulfurization Activity of Used Hydrotreating Catalysts 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Experimental Procedure 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Results and Discussion 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 Conclusions 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Modeling Catalyst Deactivation 207\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Effect of Reactor Configuration on the Cycle Length of Heavy Oil Fixed-Bed Hydroprocessing 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Experimental Procedure 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Modeling Approach 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Results and Discussion 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Conclusions 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Effect of Different Heavy Feedstocks on the Deactivation of a Commercial Catalyst 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Experimental Procedure 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Results and Discussion 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Conclusions 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Modeling the Deactivation by Metal Deposition of Heavy Oil Hydrotreating Catalyst 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 The Model 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Experimental Procedure 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Results and Discussion 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Conclusions 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Kinetic Model for Hydrocracking of Heavy Oil in a CSTR Involving Short-Term Catalyst Deactivation 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Experimental Procedure 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Results and Discussion 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Conclusions 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Modeling the Kinetics of Parallel Thermal and Catalytic Hydrotreating of Heavy Oil 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 The Model 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Experimental Procedure 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3 Results and Discussion 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.4 Conclusions 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Modeling Catalyst Deactivation During Hydrocracking of Atmospheric Residue by Using the Continuous Kinetic Lumping Model 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1 The Model 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 Experimental Procedure 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.3 Results and Discussion 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.4 Conclusions 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Application of a Three-Stage Approach for Modeling the Complete Period of Catalyst Deactivation During Hydrotreating of Heavy Oil 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.1 Deactivation Model 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.2 Experimental Procedure 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.3 Results and Discussion 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.4 Conclusions 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 303\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Chemistry [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Chemistry\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Chemistry%20%5BPN%5D%22\"\u003ePN\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52421369561368,"sku":"9781118769843","price":96.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9781118769843.jpg?v=1784592802","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/deactivation-of-heavy-oil-hydroprocessing-catalysts-fundamentals-and-modeling-hardback-9781118769843","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}