{"product_id":"composites-materials-for-food-packaging-hardback-9781119160205","title":"Composites Materials for Food Packaging (Hardback) 9781119160205","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eComposites Materials for Food Packaging\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eGiuseppe Cirillo (Edited by), G Cirillo (Author), Marek A. Kozlowski (Edited by), Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri (Edited by)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9781119160205, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 21 December 2018\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e464 pages\u003cbr\u003e15.2 x 22.9 x 2.5 cm, 0.787 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe novel insights, as well as the main drawbacks of each engineered composites material is extensively evaluated taking into account the strong relationship between packaging materials, environmental and reusability concerns, food quality, and nutritional value.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComposites, by matching the properties of different components, allow the development of innovative and performing strategies for intelligent food packaging, thus overcoming the limitations of using only a single material.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe book starts with the description of montmorillonite and halloysite composites, subsequently moving to metal-based materials with special emphasis on silver, zinc, silicium and iron. After the discussion about how the biological influences of such materials can affect the performance of packaging, the investigation of superior properties of sp2 carbon nanostructures is reported. Here, carbon nanotubes and graphene are described as starting points for the preparation of highly engineered composites able to promote the enhancement of shelf-life by virtue of their mechanical and electrical features.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinally, in the effort to find innovative composites, the applicability of biodegradable materials from both natural (e.g. cellulose) and synthetic (e.g. polylactic acid – PLA) origins, with the aim to prove that polymer-based materials can overcome some key limitations such as environmental impact and waste disposal.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Montmorillonite Composite Materials and Food Packaging 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eAris E. Giannakas and Areti A. Leontiou\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Polymer\/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Polyethylene(PE)\/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Polystyrene(PS)\/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Polypropylene (PP)\/MMT-Based Composites for Food Packaging 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Poly(ethylene)terephthalate(PET)\/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Biopolymers and Protein\/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Starch\/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Cellulose\/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Chitosan\/MMT Composite Materials 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 PLA\/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.5 Protein \/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Ag+-Cu2+-Zn2+\/MMT-Based Composites Packaging Materials 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Ag+\/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Cu2+\/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Fe2+\/MMT-Based Composites 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Metal Oxide\/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Natural Antioxidants\/MMT Composite Materials for Food Packaging 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Enzyme\/MMT-Based Composites Packaging Materials 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Conclusion 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Halloysite Containing Composites for Food Packaging Applications 73 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eRaluca Nicoleta Darie –Niþã and Cornelia Vasile \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Halloysite 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Molecular and Crystalline Structure 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Properties 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3 Surface Modification of HAL 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3.1 Modification of the External Surface 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3.2 Modification by Click Chemistry 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Nanocomposites Containing HAL 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 HAL Containing Non-Degradable Synthetic Polymeric Nanocomposites for Food Packaging Applications 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.1 Processing Strategies 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.2 Polyolefins\/HNTs Nanocomposites 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.3 Polystyrene\/HNTs Nanocomposites 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.4 Polyamide\/HNTs Nanocomposites 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.5 PET\/HNTs Nanocomposites 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.6 Elastomers(Rubbers)\/HNTs Nanocomposites 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1.7 Epoxy\/HNTs Nanocomposites 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 HAL-Containing Degradable Polymeric Bionanocomposites for Food Packaging 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.1 Preparation of HNT-Containing Degradable Nanocomposites 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.2 Properties of HNT-Containing Degradable Nanocomposites 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.3 Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVOH)\/HNT 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.4 Polyalkanoates\/HNT Nanocomposites 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.5 PLA\/Halloysite Biocomposites 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.6 Polysaccharide-HNT Composites 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.7 Lignocellulose\/Wood Fibers\/HAL Clay Composites 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.8 Polysaccharides\/HAL Clay Composites 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.9 Proteins\/HNT Biocomposites 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.10 Natural Rubber\/HNTs Composites 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Conclusion 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Silver Composite Materials and Food Packaging 123 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAmalia I. Cano, Amparo Chiralt and Chelo González-Martínez \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Silver and Silver Compounds as Active Agents 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 History and Background 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Chemical Species of Silver 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 Silver in Polymeric Matrices for Food Packaging Purposes 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3.1 Different Methodologies to Incorporate Silver and Silver Species into Packaging Materials 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3.2 Functional Characterization of Silver-Enriched Packaging Materials 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.4 Current Legislation Applied to Silver Composite Materials Used for Food Packaging 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Conclusions 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Zinc Composite Materials and Food Packaging 153 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eR. Venkatesan, T. Thendral Thiyagu and N. Rajeswari \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Food Packaging 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Polymers in Food Packaging 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Nanotechnology 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Nano-Fillers 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Classification of Nano-fillers 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 ZnO Nanoparticles 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Advantages of ZnO Nanoparticles 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Limitations of ZnO Nanoparticles 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Composites 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1 Classification of Composites 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1.1 Metal Matrix Composites 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1.2 Ceramic Matrix Composites 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1.3 Polymer Matrix Composites 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.2 Components of Composites 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.2.1 Matrix 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.2.2 Fillers 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.2.3 Nanocomposites 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.3 Preparation of Nanocomposites 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.3.1 Solution Casting 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.3.2 \u003ci\u003eIn Situ \u003c\/i\u003ePolymerization 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.3.3 Melt Extrusion 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.4 Properties of Nanocomposites 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.4.1 Mechanical Properties 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.4.2 Thermal Properties 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.4.3 Barrier Properties 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.4.4 Antimicrobial Properties 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.5 Applications of Nanocomposites 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.6 ZnO-Based Composites in Food Packaging 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.6.1 Preparation of ZnO Composites 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.6.2 Morphology of the ZnO Composites 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.6.3 Mechanical Properties of ZnO Composites 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.6.4 Barrier Properties of ZnO Composites 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Conclusions 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Silicium-Based Nanocomposite Materials for Food Packaging Applications 175 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eTanja Radusin, Ivan Ristiæ, Branka Piliæ, Donatella Duraccio and Aleksandra Novakoviæ \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Nanosilica\/Polymer Composites 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Composite Preparation 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1.1 Blending 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1.2 Sol–Gel Process 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1.3 \u003ci\u003eIn Situ \u003c\/i\u003ePolymerization 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Characterization of Polymer\/Nancomposites 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Morphology 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Physical–Chemical Properties 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.1 Thermal Properties 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.2 Mechanical Properties 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.3 Crystallization of Polymer\/Silica Nanocomposites 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Barrier Properties 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Optical Properties 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Antimicrobial Properties 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Conclusion 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Nanoiron-Based Composite Oxygen Scavengers for Food Packaging 209 \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eZenon Foltynowicz \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 The Effect of Oxygen on Packed Products 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 The Need of Oxygen Scavengers 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Characteristics of Oxygen Scavengers 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Types and Classification of Oxygen Absorbers 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Iron-Based Oxygen Scavengers 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 The Factors Influences the Efficiency of Iron-Based Oxygen Scavengers 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Nanomaterials and Nanoiron 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Nanomaterials Property 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Nanoiron Property 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Nanoiron Preparation 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Nanoiron-Based Composite Oxygen Scavengers 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Why Nanoiron? 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Nanoiron with Specific Properties 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Composite Oxygen Scavengers Based on Nanoiron 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.4 Safety of the Use of Composite Oxygen Scavengers Based on Nanoiron 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Composite Materials and Food Packaging 235 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eDan Xu \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introductions on Carbon Nanotubes 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Polymer\/CNTs Composite Materials 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Modification of CNTs 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Fabrication Method 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Properties 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Safety Issues of CNTs and Polymer\/CNTs Composites 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Toxicity of CNTs 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Migration of CNTs from Polymer\/CNTs Composites 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Outlook 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Polymer\/Graphene Nanocomposites for Food Packaging 251 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eSteven Merritt, Chaoying Wan, Barbara Shollock, Samson Patole and David M. Haddleton \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Polymers for Food Packaging 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Polymers for Steel Can Packaging 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Water Permeation and Anticorrosion of Polymer Coatings 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Polymer–Food Interactions 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Polymer\/Clay Nanocomposites 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Polymer\/Graphene Nanocomposites 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Graphene and its Derivatives for Food Packaging 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Biodegradable Polymer\/Graphene Nanocomposites 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.3 Synthetic Polymer\/Graphene Nanocomposites 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Summary and Outlook 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Biodegradability and Compostability of Food Nanopackaging Materials 269 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eTomy J. Gutiérrez \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Biodegradability and Compostability 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Biodegradability and Compostability of Food Nanopackaging Materials 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Biodegradability and Compostability of Food Nanopackaging Made from Biopolymers 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Biodegradability and Compostability of Food Nanopackaging Made from Nanoclays 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Biodegradability and Compostability of Food Nanopackaging Made from Bionanocomposites 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3.1 Biodegradability and Compostability of Food Nanopackaging Made from Bionanocomposites – Biopolymers\/Nanoclays 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3.2 Biodegradability and Compostability of Food Nanopackaging Made from Bionanocomposites - Biopolymer\/ Nanocellulosic Materials 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Conclusion 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConflicts of Interest 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Nanocellulose in Food Packaging 297 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003ePaula Criado, Farah M. J. Hossain, Stéphane Salmieri and Monique Lacroix \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Biopolymeric Films\/Coatings Containing Cellulose Nanostructures 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Biopolymeric Films Containing CNCs 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Bioactive Films Containing CNFs 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3 Nanostructured Bio-Based Bacterial Cellulose (BC)-Containing Films 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Physicochemical Properties of Bio-Nanocomposites Materials Reinforced with CNC 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Enhancement of the Mechanical Properties of Polymers with CNC 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Enhancement of the Barrier Properties of Polymers with CNC 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Research Works on CNC as Biodegradable Reinforcement and Barrier Component 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Grafting of Cellulose Nanocrystals for Food Packaging 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation of Nanocellulose 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Functionalization of Nanocellulose via TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.4 Cationization of Nanocellulose with Antimicrobial Purposes 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.5 Esterification 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.6 Non-Covalent Surface Chemical Modification 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.7 Polymerization of Bioactive Compounds onto Nanocellulose Surface 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Conclusion 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Nanocellulose in Combination with Inorganic\/Organic Biocides for Food Film Packaging Applications – Safety Issues Review 331\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKelsey L O’Donnell, Gloria S. Oporto and Noelle Comolli\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Typical Polymers and Processes Used to Prepare Flexible Films in the Packaging Industry 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Current Organic and Inorganic Antimicrobial Materials (Biocides) Used in Packaging and Correlating Processing Conditions 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3 Release of Active Components (Biocides) From Packaging Films – Tentative Mechanisms 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Nanocellulose in Flexible Film Food Packaging 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Current Forms of Cellulose Used in Packaging 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Nanocellulose in Flexible Film Food Packaging 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Nanocellulose in Combination with Organic and Inorganic Antimicrobial Materials 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Nanocelulose in Combination with Copper and Benzalkounium Chloride – West Virginia University (WVU) Preliminary Results 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4.1 Nanocellulose - Copper\/Zinc: Synergistic Effect (Preliminary Experiments) 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4.2 Nanocellulose - Benzalkonium Chloride (BZK) (Preliminary Experiments) 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Health and Environmental Toxicity Evaluations of Active Antimicrobial Packaging 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 General Toxic Evaluations on Packaging Materials (\u003ci\u003eIn Vivo, In Vitro \u003c\/i\u003eTesting) – the United States 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 General Toxic Evaluations on Packaging Materials (\u003ci\u003eIn Vivo, In Vitro \u003c\/i\u003eTesting) – Europe 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Specific Toxic Evaluation on Cellulosic and Nanocellulosic Materials 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Composite Materials Based on PLA and its Applications in Food Packaging 355 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eJesús R. Rodríguez-Núñez, Tomás J. Madera-Santana, Heidy Burrola-Núñez and Efrén G. Martínez-Encinas \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Synthesis of Polylactic Acid 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Reinforcing Agents 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Natural Fibers and Fillers 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Synthetic Fibers and Fillers 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Surface Modification of Fibers and Fillers 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Physical Methods (Corona, Plasma, Irradiation Treatments) 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Chemical Methods (Alkaline, Acetylation, Maleation, Silane, Enzymatic Treatment) 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Nanostructures in the PLA Matrix 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Processing Techniques 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.1 Processing Technologies of PLA Composites 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.1.1 Compression Molding 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.1.2 Extrusion 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.1.3 Injection Molding 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.1.4 Extrusion or Injection Blow Molding 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.1.5 Calendering, Cast Film, and Sheet 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.1.6 Thermoforming 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.1.7 Foaming PLA 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Properties Related to Packaging Applications 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.1 Physical Properties 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.2 Mechanical Properties 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.3 Thermal Properties 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.4 Functional Properties 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Recyclability of PLA 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Biodegradation of PLA 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 Future Tendencies 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Nanomaterial Migration from Composites into Food Matrices 401 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eVictor Gomes Lauriano Souza, Regiane Ribeiro-Santos, Patricia Freitas Rodrigues, Caio Gomide Otoni, Maria Paula Duarte, Isabel M. Coelhoso and Ana Luisa Fernando \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Nanotechnology in the Food Industry 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Nanoparticle Characterization Techniques 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Nanoparticle Characterization in Food Matrices 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.3 Nanomaterial Migration from Composites into Food Matrices: Case Studies 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Nanoparticle Toxicology 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Toxicological Tests 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Toxicological Studies of ENMs Used in the Food Packaging Industry 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Ecotoxicology of ENMs 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Migration Assays and Current Legislation 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Food Contact Nanomaterials 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Conclusion 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 437\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Business \u0026amp; management [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Business \u0026amp; management\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Business%20\u0026amp;%20management%20%5BKJ%5D%22\"\u003eKJ\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Scrivener","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52421471404312,"sku":"9781119160205","price":136.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9781119160205.jpg?v=1784596016","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/composites-materials-for-food-packaging-hardback-9781119160205","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}