{"product_id":"charged-aerosol-detection-for-liquid-chromatography-and-related-separation-techniques-hardback-9780470937785","title":"Charged Aerosol Detection for Liquid Chromatography and Related Separation Techniques (Hardback) 9780470937785","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eCharged Aerosol Detection for Liquid Chromatography and Related Separation Techniques\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003ePaul H. Gamache (Edited by), PH Gamache (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9780470937785, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 21 July 2017\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e544 pages\u003cbr\u003e22.6 x 15.9 x 3.6 cm, 0.885 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe first book devoted exclusively to a highly popular, relatively new detection technique\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eCharged Aerosol Detection for Liquid Chromatography and Related Separation Techniques\u003c\/i\u003e presents a comprehensive review of CAD theory, describes its advantages and limitations, and offers extremely well-informed recommendations for its practical use. Using numerous real-world examples based on contributors’ professional experiences, it provides priceless insights into the actual and potential applications of CAD across a wide range of industries.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharged aerosol detection can be combined with a variety of separation techniques and in numerous configurations. While it has been widely adapted for an array of industrial and research applications with great success, it is still a relatively new technique, and its fundamental performance characteristics are not yet fully understood. This book is intended as a tool for scientists seeking to identify the most effective and efficient uses of charged aerosol detection for a given application. Moving naturally from basic to advanced topics, the author relates fundamental principles, practical uses, and applications across a range of industrial settings, including pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, biotech, and more.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eOffers timely, authoritative coverage of the theory, experimental techniques, and end-user applications of charged aerosol detection \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes contributions from experts from various fields of applications who explore CAD’s advantages over traditional HPLC techniques, as well its limitations\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides a current theoretical and practical understanding of CAD, derived from authorities on aerosol technology and separation sciences \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFeatures numerous real-world examples that help relate fundamental properties and general operational variables of CAD to its performance in a variety of conditions \u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eCharged Aerosol Detection for Liquid Chromatography and Related Separation Techniques\u003c\/i\u003e is a valuable resource for scientists who use chromatographic techniques in academic research and across an array of industrial settings, including the biopharmaceutical, biotechnology, biofuel, chemical, environmental, and food and beverage industries, among others. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment xxv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection 1 Fundamentals of Charged Aerosol Detection 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Principles of Charged Aerosol Detection 3\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePaul H. Gamache and Stanley L. Kaufman\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Summary 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 History and Introduction to the Technology 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Charged Aerosol Detection Process 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Nebulization 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Aerosol Conditioning 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2.1 Solvent Load Reduction 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2.2 Secondary Processes 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2.3 Summary: Aerosol Transport 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Evaporation 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3.1 Aerosol Evaporation Process 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3.2 Evaporation Rate (\u003ci\u003eR\u003csub\u003ee\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e) 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3.3 Dried Particle Size 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3.4 Volatility and Detector Response 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3.5 Particle Size Dependency 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3.6 Ionizable Solutes 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3.7 Background Solutes: Impurities 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3.8 Summary 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Aerosol Charging 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4.1 Mechanisms 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4.2 Diffusion Charging Overview 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4.3 Unipolar Diffusion Charging Theory 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4.4 CAD “Corona Jet” Charger Design 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4.5 Corona Ion Jet and Aerosol Particle Jet 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.5 Summary of Aerosol Charging 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.6 Summary of CAD Process 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 CAD Response Model 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Primary Droplet Size Distribution 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Impactor 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Drying and Residue Formation 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3.1 Residue Particle Parameters 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 Charging of Residue Particles 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Ion Removal 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5.1 Attenuation of Particle Signal by Ion Trap 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.6 Signal Current 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.7 Signal from an Eluting Peak: Peak Shape 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.8 Peak Area Versus Injected Mass 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.9 Summary 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Performance Characteristics 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Response Curve: Shape and Dynamic Range 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1.1 Semivolatile Analytes 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1.2 Calibration 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Peak Shape 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.3 Mass Versus Concentration Sensitivity 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.4 Sensitivity Limits 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.5 Response Uniformity 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.5.1 Solvent Gradient Effects 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.5.2 Analyte Volatility and Salt Formation 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.5.3 Analyte Density 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.5.4 Dependence of Aerosol Measurement Technique on Residue Particle Material 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.6 CAD Versus Formation of Gaseous Ions for MS 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.6.1 Pneumatically Assisted ESI 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.6.2 APCI 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.6.3 Main Differences between CAD and MS 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Charged Aerosol Detection: A Literature Review 67\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eIan N. Acworth and William Kopaciewicz\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 CAD History and Background 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Application Areas 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Carbohydrates 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Lipids 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Natural Products 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Analysis 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 Other Application Areas 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Conclusions 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Practical Use of CAD: Achieving Optimal Performance 163\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBruce Bailey, Marc Plante, David Thomas, Chris Crafts, and Paul H. Gamache\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Summary 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Introduction 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 First‐ and Second‐Generation Instrument Designs 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Liquid Flow Range 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Excess Liquid Removal 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Temperature Control 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Aerosol Creation and Transport 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Factors Influencing CAD Performance 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Analyte Properties 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.1 Formation of Aerosol Residue Particles 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.2 Inherent Response of Downstream Aerosol Detector 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.3 Summary of Analyte Properties 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Eluent Properties and Composition 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.1 Mass Transport 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.2 Eluent Purity 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.3 Mobile Phase Additives 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.4 Additional Sources of Eluent Impurities 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.5 Column Bleed 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.6 Basic Eluents 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.7 System Components and Laboratory Equipment 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.8 Summary 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 System Configurations 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Microscale LC 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Post‐column Addition 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Multi‐detector Configurations 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Method Transfer 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Calibration and Sensitivity Limits 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Power Function 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Summary of Calibration and Sensitivity Limits 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Aerosol‐Based Detectors in Liquid Chromatography: Approaches Toward Universal Detection and to Global Analysis 191\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJoseph P. Hutchinson, Greg W. Dicinoski, and Paul R. Haddad\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Summary 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Introduction 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Universal Detection Methods 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Factors Affecting the Response in Charged Aerosol Detection 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Gradient Compensation 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Response Models 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Green Chemistry 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Temperature Gradient Separations 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Supercritical CO 2 Separations 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Capillary Separations 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Global Analysis and Multidimensional Separations 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Conclusions 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection 2 Charged Aerosol Detection of Specific Analyte Classes 221\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Lipid Analysis with the Corona CAD 223\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDanielle Libong, Sylvie Héron, Alain Tchapla, and Pierre Chaminade\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Principles of Chromatographic Separation of Lipids 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Theory of Retention Mechanism in Reversed‐Phase Liquid Chromatography 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Optimizing Selectivity 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Note on Using pH Modifiers for Selectivity Optimization 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Application: Strategy of Lipid Separation 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Separation of Individual Lipid Classes 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Separation of Subclasses of Lipids 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.1 Size Exclusion Chromatography 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.2 Argentation Chromatography 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Separation of Congeners Belonging to Specific Classes of Lipids 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Behavior of Lipid Separation in Reversed‐Phase Chromatography 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Behavior of Lipid Separation in Reversed‐Phase Sub‐ and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.6 Multimodal Chromatographic Systems 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.7 Identification of the Molecular Species 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.7.1 Methodology for Identification of Congeners 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Literature Review: Early Use of Corona CAD in Lipid Analysis 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Biosciences 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Food Chemistry 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Pharmaceutical Sciences 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3.1 Emulsions 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3.2 Liposomes 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3.3 Surfactants 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3.4 Contrast Agents 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3.5 Determination of Degradation Product and Impurities 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Calibration Strategies 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Calibration Strategies in Quantitative Analysis of Lipids 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Classical Calibration (External Calibration, Normalization) 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Calibration in Absence of Standards 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Inorganic and Organic Ions 289\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eXiaodong Liu, Christopher A. Pohl, and Ke Zhang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Technical Considerations 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Instrumentation Platform 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Separation Column 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Mobile Phase 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 CAD Parameter Setting 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Sensitivity 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.6 Calibration Curve, Dynamic Range, Accuracy, and Precision 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Applications 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Pharmaceutical Counterions and Salts 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Bisphosphonate 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Phosphorylated Carbohydrates 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Ionic Liquids 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.5 Pesticides 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.6 Other Applications 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Concluding Remarks 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Determination of Carbohydrates Using Liquid Chromatography with Charged Aerosol Detection 311\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJeffrey S. Rohrer and Shinichi Kitamura\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Summary 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Liquid Chromatography of Carbohydrates 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Charged Aerosol Detection 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Why LC‐CAD for Carbohydrate Analysis? 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Early Applications of CAD to Carbohydrate Analysis 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Additional Applications of CAD to Carbohydrate Analysis 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Polymers and Surfactants 327\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDawen Kou, Gerald Manius, Hung Tian, and Hitesh P. Chokshi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Summary 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Introduction 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Polymer Analysis 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Polyethylene Glycol 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 PEG Reagents 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Low Molecular Weight PEGs 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 PEGylated Molecules 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Surfactants 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Application of Charged Aerosol Detection in Traditional Herbal Medicines 341\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLijuan Liang, Yong Jiang, and Pengfei Tu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Summary 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Introduction 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Factors that Affect the Sensitivity of CAD 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Mobile Phase Composition 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Effects of Nitrogen Gas Purity on the Sensitivity of CAD 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 The Effect of Mobile Phase Modifiers 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 Comparison of Flow Rate Effect on the Sensitivity of CAD 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Application of CAD in Quality Analysis of Traditional Herbal Medicines 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Determination of Saponins in Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng by CAD Coupled with HPLC 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Determination of Ginsenosides by LC‐CAD 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Other Applications of CAD 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Conclusion 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection 3 Industrial Applications of Charged Aerosol Detection 355\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Charged Aerosol Detection in Pharmaceutical Analysis: An Overview 357\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMichael Swartz, Mark Emanuele, and Amber Awad\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Summary 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Introduction 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Analytical Method Development 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Analytical Method Validation 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 CAD in Analytical Method Transfer 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 CAD in Formulation Development and Ion Analysis 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Carbohydrate Analysis by CAD 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 CAD in Stability Analyses 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Conclusion 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Impurity Control in Topiramate with High Performance Liquid Chromatography: Validation and Comparison of the Performance of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection and Charged Aerosol Detection 379\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid Ilko, Robert C. Neugebauer, Sophie Brossard, Stefan Almeling, Michael Türck, and Ulrike Holzgrabe\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Summary 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Introduction 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Material and Methods 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Reagents and Material 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 HPLC–ELSD\/CAD 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 TLC and HPTLC Limit Test for Impurity A 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Results and Discussion 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Method Validation: Impurity Control 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Method Validation: Assay 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 TLC and HPTLC Limit Test for Impurity A 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Conclusion 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Applying Charged Aerosol Detection to Aminoglycosides: Development and Validation of an RP‐HPLC Method for Gentamicin and Netilmicin 393\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eArul Joseph and Abu Rustum\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 Background 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Development and Validation of an RP‐HPLC Method for Gentamicin Using Charged Aerosol Detection 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Method Development 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1.1 Selection of Detector 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1.2 Related Substances 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1.3 Mobile Phase Composition and Column Selection 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1.4 Sample Preparation 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Method Validation 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2.1 Experimental 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2.2 Specificity 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2.3 Linearity 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2.4 Accuracy 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2.5 Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantitation 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2.6 Reproducibility and Precision 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2.7 Robustness 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2.8 Alternate Column Validation 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2.9 Calculation 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2.10 Chromatographic Conditions of the Final Method 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Discussion 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Application of Strategy to Netilmicin Sulfate 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Method Development 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1.1 Sample Preparation 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Method Validation 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2.1 Specificity 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2.2 Linearity 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2.3 Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantitation 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2.4 Robustness 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2.5 Calculation 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2.6 Chromatographic Conditions of the Final Method 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Discussion 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Conclusion 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Determination of Quaternary Ammonium Muscle Relaxants with Their Impurities in Pharmaceutical Preparations by LC‐CAD 425\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAgata Blazewicz, Magdalena Poplawska, Malgorzata Warowna‐Grzeskiewicz, Katarzyna Sarna, and Zbigniew Fijalek\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Summary 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Introduction 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Experimental 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Equipment and Conditions 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Material Studied 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Standard Solutions 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Results and Discussion 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Selection of Chromatographic Conditions 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1.1 LC‐CAD Method for Atracurium, Cisatracurium, and Mivacurium and Their Impurities 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1.2 LC‐CAD Method for Pancuronium and Its Impurities 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Identification of Analytes 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 Validation of the Methods 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3.1 Linearity 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3.2 Detection and Quantitation Limits 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3.3 Precision and Accuracy 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3.4 Range 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.4 Determination of Active Substances and Impurities in Pharmaceutical Preparations 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.5 Stability 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Conclusion 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Charged Aerosol Detection of Scale Inhibiting Polymers in Oilfield Chemistry Applications 449\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlan K. Thompson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Summary 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Background to Scale Inhibition in Oilfields 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 General Background 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Squeeze Programs 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.3 Polymeric Inhibitors 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Historical Methods of Analysis 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Charged Aerosol Detection for Polymeric Scale Inhibitors 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Theoretical Application of CAD 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Practical Application of CAD 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3 Typical Validation of Methodology 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3.1 Linearity of Detection 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3.2 Precision of Injection 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3.3 Assay Accuracy and Precision 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3.4 Assay Ruggedness 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3.5 Assay Ruggedness 2: Inter‐instrument Variability 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3.6 Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantification 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3.7 Analysis of Routine Oilfield Brine Samples for Polymeric Scale Inhibitor Using HPLC‐CAD 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.4 Limits of Methodology 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Conclusions and Further Work 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Applications of Charged Aerosol Detection for Characterization of Industrial Polymers 471\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePaul Cools and Ton Brooijmans\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Liquid Chromatography of Polymers 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Solvents 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Quantitative Detection of Polymer Molecules 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Ultraviolet Detection 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Differential Refractive Index Detection 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.3 Evaporative Detection 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.4 Charged Aerosol Detection 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.5 Molar Mass Dependent Detection 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.6 Mass Spectrometry 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Size Exclusion Chromatography and Charged Aerosol Detection 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Gradient Polymer Elution Chromatography and CAD 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Liquid Chromatography Combined with UV, CAD, and MS Detection 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7.1 LC‐ESI‐TOF MS System at DSM Coating Resins 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 Typical Examples of Industrial Applications Using LC‐MS‐CAD 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8.1 Raw Material Analysis 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8.2 Intermediates 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8.3 End Products 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9 Epilogue 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 501\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Chemistry [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Chemistry\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Chemistry%20%5BPN%5D%22\"\u003ePN\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52278119072024,"sku":"9780470937785","price":80.56,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9780470937785.jpg?v=1781458430","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/charged-aerosol-detection-for-liquid-chromatography-and-related-separation-techniques-hardback-9780470937785","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}