{"product_id":"capillary-electrophoresis-and-microchip-capillary-electrophoresis-principles-applications-and-limitations-hardback-9780470572177","title":"Capillary Electrophoresis and Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis; Principles, Applications, and Limitations (Hardback) 9780470572177","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eCapillary Electrophoresis and Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003ePrinciples, Applications, and Limitations\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eCarlos D. García (Author), Karin Y. Chumbimuni-Torres (Author), Emanuel Carrilho (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9780470572177, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 12 April 2013\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e416 pages\u003cbr\u003e28.7 x 22.4 x 2.8 cm, 1.207 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExplores the benefits and limitations of the latest capillary electrophoresis techniques\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCapillary electrophoresis and microchip capillary electrophoresis are powerful analytical tools that are particularly suited for separating and analyzing biomolecules. In comparison with traditional analytical techniques, capillary electrophoresis and microchip capillary electrophoresis offer the benefits of speed, small sample and solvent consumption, low cost, and the possibility of miniaturization.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith contributions from a team of leading analytical scientists, \u003ci\u003eCapillary Electrophoresis and Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis\u003c\/i\u003e explains how researchers can take full advantage of all the latest techniques, emphasizing applications in which capillary electrophoresis has proven superiority over other analytical approaches. The authors not only explore the benefits of each technique, but also the limitations, enabling readers to choose the most appropriate technique to analyze a particular sample.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe book's twenty-one chapters explore fundamental aspects of electrophoretically driven separations, instrumentation, sampling techniques, separation modes, detection systems, optimization strategies for method development, and applications. Specific topics include:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCritical evaluation of the use of surfactants in capillary electrophoresis\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSampling and quantitative analysis in capillary electrophoresis\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCapillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOvercoming challenges in using microchip electrophoresis for extended monitoring applications\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCapillary electrophoresis of intact unfractionated heparin and related impurities\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMicrochip capillary electrophoresis for \u003ci\u003ein situ\u003c\/i\u003e planetary exploration\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eEach chapter begins with an introduction and ends with conclusions as well as references to the primary literature. Novices to the field will find this book an easy-to-follow introduction to core capillary electrophoresis techniques and methods. More experienced investigators can turn to the book for troubleshooting tips and expert advice to guide them through the most advanced applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePREFACE xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eACKNOWLEDGMENTS xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONTRIBUTORS xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Critical Evaluation of the Use of Surfactants in Capillary Electrophoresis 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJessica L. Felhofer, Karin Y. Chumbimuni-Torres, Maria F. Mora, Gabrielle G. Haby, and Carlos D. Garcý´a\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Surfactants for Wall Coatings 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Controlling the Electroosmotic Flow 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Preventing Adsorption to the Capillary 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Surfactants as Buffer Additives 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis with Added Surfactants 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Surfactants for Analyte Preconcentration 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Sweeping 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Transient Trapping 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Analyte Focusing by Micelle Collapse 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 Micelle to Solvent Stacking 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Combinations of Preconcentration Methods 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.6 Cloud Point Extraction 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Surfactants and Detection in CE 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Mass Spectrometry 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Electrochemical Detection 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Conclusions 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Sample Stacking: A Versatile Approach for Analyte Enrichment in CE and Microchip-CE 23\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eBruno Perlatti, Emanuel Carrilho, and Fernando Armani Aguiar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Isotachophoresis 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Chromatography-Based Sample Stacking 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Methods Based on Electrophoretic Mobility and Velocity Manipulation (Electrophoretic Methods) 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Field-Enhanced Sample Stacking (FESS) 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Field-Enhanced Sample Injection (FESI) 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Large-Volume Sample Stacking (LVSS) 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4 Dynamic pH Junction 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Sample Stacking in Pseudo-Stationary Phases 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Field-Enhanced Sample Stacking 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Hydrodynamic Injection Techniques 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2.1 Normal Stacking Mode (NSM) 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2.2 Reverse Electrode Polarity Stacking Mode (REPSM) 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2.3 Stacking with Reverse Migrating Micelles (SRMM) 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2.4 Stacking Using Reverse Migrating Micelles and a Water Plug (SRW) 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2.5 High-Conductivity Sample Stacking (HCSS) 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Electrokinetic Injection Techniques 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3.1 Field-Enhanced Sample Injection (FESI–MEKC) 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3.2 Field-Enhanced Sample Injection with Reverse Migrating Micelles (FESI–RMM) 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.4 Sweeping 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.5 Combined Techniques 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.5.1 Dynamic pH Junction: Sweeping 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.5.2 Selective Exhaustive Injection (SEI) 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.6 New Techniques 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Stacking Techniques in Microchips 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Concluding Remarks 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Sampling and Quantitative Analysis in Capillary Electrophoresis 41\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003ePetr Kuba´9n, Andrus Seiman, and Mihkel Kaljurand\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Injection Techniques in CE 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Hydrodynamic Sample Injection 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.1 Principle 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.2 Advantages and Performance 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.3 Disadvantages 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Electrokinetic Sample Injection 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2.1 Principle 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2.2 Advantages and Performance 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2.3 Disadvantages 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Bias-Free Electrokinetic Injection 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Extraneous Sample Introduction Accompanying Injections in CE 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Sample Stacking 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5.1 Principle 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5.2 Advantages and Performance 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5.3 Disadvantages 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6 Alternative Batch Sample Injection Techniques 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6.1 Rotary-Type Injectors for CE 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6.2 Hydrodynamic Sample Splitting as Injection Method for CE 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6.3 Electrokinetic Sample Splitting as Injection Method for CE 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6.4 Dual-Opposite End Injection in CE 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Micromachined\/Microchip Injection Devices 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Droplet Sampler Based on Digital Microfluidics 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Wire Loop Injection 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Automated Flow Sample Injection and Hyphenated Systems 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Introduction 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Advantages and Performance 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Disadvantages 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Computerized Sampling and Data Analysis 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Sampling in Portable CE Instrumentation 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Quantitative Analysis in CE 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 Introduction 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 Quantitative Analysis with HD Injection 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.3 Quantitative Analysis with EK Injection 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.4 Validation of the Developed CE Methods 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.5 Computer Data Treatment in Quantitative Analysis 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Conclusions 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Practical Considerations for the Design and Implementation of High-Voltage Power Supplies for Capillary and Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis 67\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eLucas Blanes, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro, Renata Mayumi Saito, Claudimir Lucio do Lago, Claude Roux, and Philip Doble\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 High-Voltage Fundamentals 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Electroosmotic Flow Control 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Technical Aspects 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.4 Construction of Bipolar HVPS from Unipolar HVPS 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.5 Safety Considerations 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.6 HVPS Commercially Available 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.7 Practical Considerations 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.8 Alternative Sources of HV 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.9 HVPS Controllers for MCE 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 High-Voltage Measurement 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Concluding Remarks 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Artificial Neural Networks in Capillary Electrophoresis 77\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJosef Havel, Eladia Marýa Pe~na-Mendez, and Alberto Rojas-Hernandez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Optimization in CE: From Single Variable Approach Toward Artificial Neural Networks 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Limitations of “Traditional” Single Variable Approach 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Multivariate Approach with Experimental Design and Response Surface Modeling 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.1 Experimental Design 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.2 Response Surface Modeling 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Artificial Neural Networks in Electromigration Methods 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Introduction—Basic Principles of ANN 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Optimization Using a Combination of ED and ANN 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.1 Testing of ED–ANN Algorithm 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.2 Practical Applications of ED–ANN 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Quantitative CE Analysis and Determination from Overlapped Peaks 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.1 Evaluation of Calibration Plots in CE Using ANN to Increase Precision of Analysis 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.2 ANN in Quantitative CE Analysis from Overlapped Peaks 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 ANN in CEC and MEKC 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 ANN for Peptides Modeling 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.6 Classification and Fingerprinting 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.7 Other Applications 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Conclusions 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Improving the Separation in Microchip Electrophoresis by Surface Modification 95\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eM. Teresa Fernandez-Abedul, Isabel Alvarez-Martos, Francisco Javier Garcýa Alonso, and Agustýn Costa-Garcýa\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Strategies for Improving Separation 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Selection of an Adequate Technique: ME 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Microchannel Design 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Selection of an Appropriate ME Material 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Optimization of the Working Conditions 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Surface Modification 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5.1 Surface Micro- and Nanostructuring 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5.2 Employment of Energy Sources 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5.3 Chemical Surface Modification 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Chemical Modifiers 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Surfactants 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Ionic Liquids 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Nanoparticles 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Polymers 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Conclusions 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Capillary Electrophoretic Reactor and Microchip Capillary Electrophoretic Reactor: Dissociation Kinetic Analysis Method for “Complexes” Using Capillary Electrophoretic Separation Process 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eToru Takahashi and Nobuhiko Iki\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Basic Concept of CER 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Dissociation Kinetic Analysis of Metal Complexes Using a CER 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Determination of the Rate Constants of Dissociation of 1:2 Complexes of Al3þ and Ga3þ with an Azo Dye Ligand 2,20-Dihydroxyazobenzene-5,50-Disulfonate in a CER 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Expanding the Scope of the CER to Measurements of Fast Dissociation Kinetics with a Half-Life from Seconds to Dozens of Seconds: Dissociation Kinetic Analysis of Metal Complexes Using a Microchip Capillary Electrophoretic Reactor (mCER) 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Expanding the Scope of the CER to the Measurement of Slow Dissociation Kinetics with a Half-Life of Hours 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Principle of LS-CER 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Application of LS-CER to the Ti(IV)–Catechin Complex 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Application of LS-CER to the Ti(IV)–Tiron Complex 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Expanding the Scope of CER to Measurement of the Dissociation Kinetics of Biomolecular Complexes 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Dissociation Kinetic Analysis of [SSB–ssDNA] Using CER 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Conclusions 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection (C4D) Applied to Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) and Microchip Electrophoresis (MCE) 145\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJose Alberto Fracassi da Silva, Claudimir Lucio do Lago, Dosil Pereira de Jesus, and Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Theory of C4D 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Basic Principles of C4D 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Simulation 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Basic Equation for Sensitivity 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Equivalent Circuit of a CE-C4D System 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.5 Practical Guidelines 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 C4D Applied to Capillary Electrophoresis 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Instrumental Aspects in CE 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Coupling C4D with UV–Vis Photometric Detectors in CE 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Fundamental Studies in Capillary Electrophoresis Using C4D 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Fundamental Studies on C4D 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.5 Applications 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 C4D Applied to Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Geometry of the Detection Electrodes 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1.1 Embedded Electrodes 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1.2 Attached Electrodes 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1.3 External Electrodes 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Applications 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2.1 Bioanalytical Applications 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2.2 On-Chip Enzymatic Reactions 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2.3 Food Analysis 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2.4 Explosives and Chemical Warfare Agents 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2.5 Other Applications 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Concluding Remarks 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrochemical Detection 161\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eBlanaid White\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Principles of Electrochemical Detection 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Amperometric Detection 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Potentiometric Detection 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 Conductivity Detection 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Interfacing Amperometric Detection to Capillary Electrophoresis 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Off-Column Detection 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 End-Column Detection 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Use of Multiple Detection Electrodes 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.4 Pulsed Amperometric Detection 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.5 Nonaqueous EC Detection 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.6 Electrode Material 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.7 Dual Conductivity and Amperometric Detection 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Interfacing Electrochemical Detection to Microfluidic Capillary Electrophoresis 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 End-Column Detection 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Pulsed Amperometric Detection 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Off-Channel Detection 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 Electrode Material 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.5 Portable CE and MCE Systems 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.6 Applications of CE–MCE with AD 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.7 Future Directions for CE–MCE with EC Detection 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Overcoming Challenges in Using Microchip Electrophoresis for Extended Monitoring Applications 177\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eScott D. Noblitt and Charles S. Henry\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Background Electrolyte (BGE) Longevity 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Achieving Rapid Sequential Injections 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Robust Quantitation 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Conclusions 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Distinction of Coexisting Protein Conformations by Capillary Electrophoresis 201\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eHanno Stutz\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Theoretical Aspects of in vivo Protein Folding 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Protein Misfolding and Induction of Unfolding 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Conformational Pathologies 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Distinction Between Conformations 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Relevance of Conformations for Biotechnological Products 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Conformational Elucidation—An Overview of Alternative Methods to CE 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 HPLC in Conformational Distinction 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.1 Intact Proteins 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.1.1 Reversed-Phase (RP)–HPLC 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.1.2 Size Exclusion (SEC)–HPLC 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.1.3 Ion-Exchange–HPLC 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.2 HPLC with Detectors Sensitive for Conformations and Aggregates 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.3 Peptides as Model Compounds for Hydrophobic Stationary Phases in HPLC 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) in Conformational Separations 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.1 Fundamental Aspects and Survey of Pitfalls 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.2 Electrophoretic Mobility of Proteins 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.3 Peak Profiles and Derivable Thermodynamic Aspects of Protein Re-\/Unfolding 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.4 Dipeptides as a Case Study for Isomerization 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.5 Denaturation Factors and Strategies Applied in CE 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.5.1 Separation Electrolyte, Injection Solution, and Sample Storage 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.5.2 Denaturation by Urea, Dithiothreitol, and GdmCl 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.5.3 Effects of pH and Organic Solvents 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.5.4 Temperature 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.5.5 Electrical Field 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.5.6 Detergents 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.5.7 Ligands and Ions—Case Studies on Potential Amyloidogenic b2m 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.6 b-Amyloid Peptides 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.6.1 Prions 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Comparison Between CE and HPLC 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Conclusive Discussion and Method Evaluation 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10.1 General Aspects 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10.2 HPLC 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10.3 CE 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Capillary Electromigration Techniques for the Analysis of Drugs and Metabolites in Biological Matrices: A Critical Appraisal 229\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eCristiane Masetto de Gaitani, Anderson Rodrigo Moraes de Oliveira, and Pierina Sueli Bonato\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Strategies to Obtain Reliable Capillary Electromigration Methods for the Bioanalysis of Drugs and Metabolites 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Selectivity and Detectability 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1.1 Efficiency 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1.2 Sample Preparation 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1.3 Detectors 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Repeatability 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Selected Applications of Capillary Electromigration Techniques in Bioanalysis 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Studies 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Enantioselective Analysis of Drugs and Metabolites 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Biopharmaceuticals or Biotechnology-Derived Pharmaceuticals 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.4 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.5 Clinical and Forensic Toxicology 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Concluding Remarks 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Capillary Electrophoresis and Multicolor Fluorescent DNA Analysis in an Optofluidic Chip 247\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eChaitanya Dongre, Hugo J.W.M. Hoekstra, and Markus Pollnau\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Optofluidic Integration in an Electrophoretic Microchip 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Sample Fabrication 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Optofluidic Characterization 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Fluorescence Monitoring of On-Chip DNA Separation 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Experimental Materials and Methods 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Experimental Results and Analysis 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Toward Ultrasensitive Fluorescence Detection 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Optimization of the Experimental Setup 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 All-Numerical Postprocessed Noise Filtering 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Multicolor Fluorescent DNA Analysis 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1 Dual-Point, Dual-Wavelength Fluorescence Monitoring 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.2 Modulation-Frequency Encoded Multiwavelength Fluorescence Sensing 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.3 Application to Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Conclusions and Outlook 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Capillary Electrophoresis of Intact Unfractionated Heparin and Related Impurities 267\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eRobert Weinberger\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Capillary Electrophoresis and Heparin 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Method Development in Capillary Electrophoresis 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Common Impurities Found in Heparin 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 The United States Pharmacoepia and CE of Heparin 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Interlaboratory Collaborative Study 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Conclusions 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis for In Situ Planetary Exploration 277\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003ePeter A. Willis and Amanda M. Stockton\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Instrument Design 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Instrumentation External to the Microdevice 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Microdevice Basics 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 All-Glass Devices for Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Three-Layer Hybrid Substrate Glass–PDMS Devices for Fluidic Manipulation 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.3 Integrating Fluidic Manipulation with Electrophoresis 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Microdevices and their Applications 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.1 Microdevices with Bus-Valve Control of Microfluidic Manipulation 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.2 Automaton Devices for Programmable Microfluidic Manipulation 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Conclusions 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Rapid Analysis of Charge Heterogeneity of Monoclonal Antibodies by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis and Imaged Capillary Isoelectric Focusing 293\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eYan He, Jim Mo, Xiaoping He, and Margaret Ruesch\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Capillary Zone Electrophoresis 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1 Separation and Detection Strategy 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1.1 Capillary Construction 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1.2 Buffer Composition 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1.3 Separation Voltage and Field Strength 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1.4 Detection 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.2 Applications 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Imaged Capillary Isoelectric Focusing 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1 Method Development and Optimization 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1.1 Carrier Ampholyte 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1.2 Additives 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1.3 Focusing Time and Voltage 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1.4 Salt Concentration 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1.5 Protein Concentration 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.2 iCE Method Validation 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.3 Applications 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.3.1 Cell Line Development Support 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.3.2 Formulation Screening 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.3.3 Characterization of Acidic Species 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Summary 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Application of Capillary Electrophoresis for High-Throughput Screening of Drug Metabolism 309\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eRoman 9Remý´nek, Jochen Pauwels, Xu Wang, Jos Hoogmartens, Zden9ek Glatz, and Ann Van Schepdael\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Sample Deproteinization 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 On-line Preconcentration 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Method Development 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.1 Dynamic Coating of Inner Capillary Wall 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.2 Short-End Injection 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.3 Strong Rinsing Procedure 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.4 Optimized Method 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Method Validation 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Method Applications 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6.1 Drug Stability Screening 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6.2 Kinetic Study 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7 Conclusions 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Electrokinetic Transport of Microparticles in the Microfluidic Enclosure Domain 319\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eQian Liang, Chun Yang, and Jianmin Miao\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Numerical Model 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1 Problem Description 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.2 Mathematical Model 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Numerical Simulation 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Results and Discussion 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.1 Particle Transport in the Bulk Flow 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.1.1 The Particle Velocity in the Confined Domain 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.1.2 The Trajectory of Particle Transport within the Confined Domain 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.1.3 The Effect of Sidewall Zeta Potential on the Particle Motion 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.2 Particle Transport Near the Bottom Surface 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.2.1 The Effect of the EDLThickness on the Near Wall Motion of the Particle 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.2.2 The Effect of Surface Charge on the Near Wall Transport of the Particle 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Model Application 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Conclusions 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Integration of Nanomaterials in Capillary and Microchip Electrophoresis as a Flexible Tool 327\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eGerma´n A. Messina, Roberto A. Olsina, and Patricia W. Stege\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1.1 Historical Overview of Nanotechnology 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1.2 Nanomaterials 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1.2.1 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1.2.2 Metal-Based Nanomaterials 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1.2.3 Dendrimers 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1.2.4 Composites 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Nanomaterials in Analytical Chemistry 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Nanoparticles in Capillary Electrophoresis 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.1 Nanoparticles in Capillary Electrochromatography 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.1.1 Organic Nanoparticles 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.1.2 Inorganic Particles 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.2 Nanoparticles in Electrokinetic Chromatography 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.2.1 Organic Nanoparticles 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.2.2 Inorganic Particles 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.3 Nanoparticles in Microchip Electrochromatography 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Conclusions 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis to Study the Binding of Ligands to Teicoplanin Derivatized on Magnetic Beads 359\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eToni Ann Riveros, Roger Lo, Xiaojun Liu, Marisol Salgado, Hector Carmona, and Frank A. Gomez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Experimental Section 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.1 Materials and Methods 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.1.1 Equipment and Fabrication of the Microchips 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.1.2 Surface Coating 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.1.3 Teic Immobilization on Magnetic Microbeads 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.2 Procedures 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.2.1 FAMCE Studies 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.2.2 MFAC Studies 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Results and Discussion 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.1 FAMCE Studies 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.1.1 Nonspecific Adsorption Resistance 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.1.2 The Binding of DA3 to Teic-Beads 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.2 MFAC Studies 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Conclusions 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Glycomic Profiling Through Capillary Electrophoresis and Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis 367\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eYehia Mechref\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Introduction 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1.1 Release of N-Glycans from Glycoproteins 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1.1.1 Chemical Release 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1.1.2 Enzymatic Release 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1.2 Release of O-Glycans from Glycoproteins 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1.2.1 Chemical Release 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1.2.2 Enzymatic Release 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 General Considerations of Capillary Electrophoresis and Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.1 Capillary Electrophoresis–Laser-Induced Fluorescence (CE–LIF) Analysis of Glycans 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.2 Interfacing Capillary Electrophoresis and Capillary Electrochromatography to Mass Spectrometry 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.2.1 ESI Interfaces for Capillary Electrophoresis 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.2.2 Sheathless-Flow Interface 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.2.3 Sheath-Flow Interface 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.2.4 Liquid Junction Interface 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.2.5 MALDI Interfaces for Capillary Electrophoresis 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.2.6 CE–MS Analysis of Glycans 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.2.7 Glycomic Analysis by CEC–MS 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Conclusions 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eINDEX 385\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Chemistry [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Chemistry\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Chemistry%20%5BPN%5D%22\"\u003ePN\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52276364771608,"sku":"9780470572177","price":106.79,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9780470572177.jpg?v=1781367459","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/capillary-electrophoresis-and-microchip-capillary-electrophoresis-principles-applications-and-limitations-hardback-9780470572177","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}