{"product_id":"basic-biostatistics-for-geneticists-and-epidemiologists-a-practical-approach-hardback-9780470024898","title":"Basic Biostatistics for Geneticists and Epidemiologists; A Practical Approach (Hardback) 9780470024898","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eBasic Biostatistics for Geneticists and Epidemiologists\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eA Practical Approach\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eRobert C. Elston (Author), William Johnson (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9780470024898, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 24 October 2008\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e384 pages\u003cbr\u003e25.4 x 18.1 x 2.6 cm, 0.822 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"The book is unusual in having less ambitious goals than the average statistics textbook. The focus is not to teach applications but, as the preface maintains, simply to enable readers to knowledgeably read the new literature, to understand the statistical methods used, and thereby to better keep abreast of new findings in epidemiology and genetics.\" (\u003ci\u003eJAMA\u003c\/i\u003e, September 13, 2010)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"This is a well-written and comprehensive review of the basic (and not-so-basic) concepts and techniques in biostatistics. It is understandable to biologists and clinicians, while still providing useful pointers and reminders to statisticians. It is worth a place on the bookshelves of all researchers in genetics, regardless of their statistical expertise.\" (\u003ci\u003eHuman Genetics\u003c\/i\u003e, February 2010)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"Anyone who wishes to critically read biomedical literature will find the knowledge gained from reading [the text] of great value.\" (\u003ci\u003eAmerican Journal of Epidemiology\u003c\/i\u003e, 2009)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnyone who attempts to read genetics or epidemiology research literature needs to understand the essentials of biostatistics. This book, a revised new edition of the successful \u003ci\u003eEssentials of Biostatistics\u003c\/i\u003e has been written to provide such an understanding to those who have little or no statistical background and who need to keep abreast of new findings in this fast moving field. Unlike many other elementary books on biostatistics, the main focus of this book is to explain basic concepts needed to understand statistical procedures.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis Book:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eSurveys basic statistical methods used in the genetics and epidemiology literature, including maximum likelihood and least squares.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIntroduces methods, such as permutation testing and bootstrapping, that are becoming more widely used in both genetic and epidemiological research.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIs illustrated throughout with simple examples to clarify the statistical methodology.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eExplains Bayes’ theorem pictorially.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFeatures exercises, with answers to alternate questions, enabling use as a course text.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten at an elementary mathematical level so that readers with high school mathematics will find the content accessible. Graduate students studying genetic epidemiology, researchers and practitioners from genetics, epidemiology, biology, medical research and statistics will find this an invaluable introduction to statistics.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction: The Role and Relevance of Statistics, Genetics and Epidemiology In Medicine 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Biostatistics? 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Exactly is (are) Statistics? 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReasons for Understanding Statistics 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Exactly is Genetics? 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Exactly is Epidemiology? 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Can a Statistician Help Geneticists and Epidemiologists? 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisease Prevention versus Disease Therapy 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Few Examples: Genetics, Epidemiology and Statistical Inference 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Populations, Samples, and Study Design 19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Study of Cause and Effect 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulations, Target Populations and Study Units 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProbability Samples and Randomization 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObservational Studies 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily Studies 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExperimental Studies 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuasi-Experimental Studies 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Descriptive Statistics 45\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Do We Need Descriptive Statistics? 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScales of Measurement 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTables 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGraphs 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProportions and Rates 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelative Measures of Disease Frequency 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensitivity, Specificity and Predictive Values 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasures of Central Tendency 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasures of Spread or Variability 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasures of Shape 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 The Laws of Probability 79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinition of Probability 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Probability of Either of Two Events: \u003ci\u003eA \u003c\/i\u003eor \u003ci\u003eB \u003c\/i\u003e82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Joint Probability of Two Events: \u003ci\u003eA \u003c\/i\u003eand \u003ci\u003eB \u003c\/i\u003e83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamples of Independence, Nonindependence and Genetic Counseling 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBayes’ Theorem 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLikelihood Ratio 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Random Variables and Distributions 107\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariability and Random Variables 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBinomial Distribution 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Note about Symbols 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoisson Distribution 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUniform Distribution 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNormal Distribution 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCumulative Distribution Functions 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Standard Normal (Gaussian) Distribution 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Estimates and Confidence Limits 131\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimates and Estimators 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotation for Population Parameters, Sample Estimates, and Sample Estimators 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProperties of Estimators 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaximum Likelihood 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimating Intervals 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution of the Sample Mean 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfidence Limits 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Significance Tests and Tests of Hypotheses 155\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrinciple of Significance Testing 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrinciple of Hypothesis Testing 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTesting a Population Mean 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne-Sided versus Two-Sided Tests 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTesting a Proportion 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTesting the Equality of Two Variances 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTesting the Equality of Two Means 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTesting the Equality of Two Medians 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eValidity and Power 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Likelihood Ratios, Bayesian Methods and Multiple Hypotheses 187\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLikelihood Ratios 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBayesian Methods 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBayes’ Factors 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBayesian Estimates and Credible Intervals 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Multiple Testing Problem 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 The Many Uses of Chi-Square 203\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Chi-Square Distribution 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGoodness-of-Fit Tests 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContingency Tables 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInference About the Variance 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombining \u003ci\u003ep\u003c\/i\u003e-Values 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLikelihood Ratio Tests 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Correlation and Regression 233\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimple Linear Regression 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Straight-Line Relationship When There is Inherent Variability 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrelation 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpearman’s Rank Correlation 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple Regression 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple Correlation and Partial Correlation 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegression toward the Mean 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Analysis of Variance and Linear Models 265\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple Treatment Groups 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompletely Randomized Design with a Single Classification of Treatment Groups 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eData with Multiple Classifications 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of Covariance 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssumptions Associated with the Analysis of Variance 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Some Specialized Techniques 293\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultivariate Analysis 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiscriminant Analysis 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogistic Regression 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of Survival Times 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimating Survival Curves 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePermutation Tests 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResampling Methods 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Guides to a Critical Evaluation of Published Reports 321\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Research Hypothesis 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables Studied 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Study Design 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSample Size 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompleteness of the Data 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppropriate Descriptive Statistics 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppropriate Statistical Methods for Inferences 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogic of the Conclusions 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeta-analysis 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpilogue 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Problems 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Odd-Numbered Problems 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 365\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Mathematics [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Mathematics\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Mathematics%20%5BPB%5D%22\"\u003ePB\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Brand 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