{"product_id":"aquatic-pollution-an-introductory-text-hardback-9781394397228","title":"Aquatic Pollution; An Introductory Text (Hardback) 9781394397228","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eAquatic Pollution\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eAn Introductory Text\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eEdward A. Laws (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9781394397228, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 9 April 2026\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e784 pages\u003cbr\u003e25.6 x 18.3 x 5.3 cm, 1.746 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUnderstand aquatic pollutants and their effects on global water resources\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRecognizing, controlling, and mitigating aquatic pollution remains one of society’s most difficult environmental challenges. \u003ci\u003eAquatic Pollution: An Introductory Text\u003c\/i\u003e, now in its Fifth Edition, delivers a thorough account of pollutants affecting rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans. Written by a leading environmental scientist with decades of oceanographic research experience, this textbook examines every major pollution category from urban runoff to persistent organic pollutants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis edition features expanded coverage of global warming effects on oceans, including coral bleaching and thermohaline circulation changes with comparisons to the Permian-Triassic extinction event. New sections address ocean acidification and persistent organic pollutants. Updated case studies and the latest data on aquatic pollution and global temperature projections ensure currency. The book covers both freshwater and marine environments comprehensively. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReaders will also find: \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Detailed analysis of thermal pollution expanded to include climate change impacts on ocean ecosystems and circulation patterns worldwide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Coverage of acid deposition effects with new material on ocean acidification and its consequences for marine life and ecosystems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Discussion of pesticides and persistent organic pollutants including their environmental fate, bioaccumulation, and ecological effects across aquatic systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Examination of nutrient loading, sewage disposal, oil spills, and urban runoff with updated research findings and real-world case studies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Refreshed case studies throughout providing current examples of pollution challenges and mitigation strategies from around the globe\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eEssential for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in environmental science, zoology, oceanography, biology, and civil engineering, this textbook provides the depth practitioners need. Policymakers and environmental activists will also find it an invaluable reference for understanding aquatic pollution science and developing effective mitigation strategies.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion Website xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Fundamental Concepts 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimple Food Chain Theory 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEcological Pyramids 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecycling and the Microbial Loop 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood Chain Magnification 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood Webs 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood Webs and Ecosystem Stability 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Photosynthesis 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLight Limitation of Photosynthesis 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutrient Limitation of Photosynthesis 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutrient- Enrichment Experiments 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong Island Bays 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCanadian Experimental Lakes 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNitrogen Versus Phosphorus Limitation 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Physical Factors Affecting Production 43\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Properties of Water 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Column Stability and Overturning 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Importance of Overturning 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeasonal Production Cycles 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrophic Status 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSusceptibility of Systems to Oxygen Depletion 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstuaries— A Special Case 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChesapeake Bay 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Gulf of Mexico Hypoxic Zone 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Cultural Eutrophication Case Studies 71\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study 1. Lake Washington 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of Eutrophication 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of Sewage Diversion 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutrient Limitation 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxygen Depletion 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Clarity 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCyanobacteria 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheoretical Predictions 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study 2. Lake Erie 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Destruction of Fish Spawning and Nursery Grounds as a Result of Land Use Modifications 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Depletion of Fish Stocks Due to Overfishing 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Creation of Anoxic Bottom Water Conditions Due to Cultural Eutrophication 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Disposal of Toxic Wastes 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSediment in Land Runoff 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContamination of Nearshore Areas with Sewage Wastes 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemedial Efforts 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxic Substances 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEutrophication 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProspects for Lake Erie 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study 3. Kaneohe Bay 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Setting 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Coral Reefs 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrbanization of the Watershed 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in Land Runoff 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSewage Disposal 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of Sewage Disposal 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResponse to Sewage Diversion 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCurrent Status and Prospects for Kaneohe Bay 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Nonpoint- Source Pollution 137\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinitions 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComposition of Land Runoff 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Sewer Systems 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrectives Measures 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of Settling Basins 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGround Recharge Basins 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombined Sewer System Overflows 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMinimizing Runoff 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Case Study— Lake Jackson, Florida 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrectives 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Sewage Treatment 165\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary, Secondary, and Tertiary Treatments 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary Treatment for BOD Removal 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrickling Filters 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eActivated Sludge 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePros and Cons of Trickling Filter and Activated Sludge Treatments 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Anaerobic Digester 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTertiary Treatment 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhosphorus Removal 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNitrogen Removal 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCost of Conventional Sewage Treatment 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLand Application of Sewage 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResults of Spray Irrigation Studies 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLimiting Factors 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of Sewage Sludge 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnconventional Sewage Treatment 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetergent Phosphates 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Pathogens in Natural Waters 201\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources of Pathogens 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Pathogens and Their Detection 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacterial Pathogens 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtozoan Pathogens 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eViral Pathogens 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHelminths 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTests for Pathogens 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment of Public Water Supplies 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemoval of Suspended Solids 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFiltration 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChlorination 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlternatives to Chlorination 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpact of Treatment 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Toxicology 235\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Role of Toxicology in Water Quality Management 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKinds of Toxicity 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSublethal Effects 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReproduction 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment and Growth 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBehavior 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetermination of Toxicity 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcute Toxicity Determination 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronic Toxicity Determination 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedian Survival Times 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncipient Lethal Levels 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSublethal Effects 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Quality Standards 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcute Effects 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronic Toxicity 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcute\/Chronic Ratios 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxicity to Plants 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Two- Number Criterion 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplicating Factors 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteractions with Harmless Substances or Conditions 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncorporation into Water Quality Guidelines 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConditioning and Acclimation 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteractions Between Toxic Substances 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic Health 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNoncarcinogenic Effects 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplication to Cadmium 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarcinogenic Effects 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtection of Wildlife 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Industrial Pollution 279\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Oxygen Sag 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInnovative Strategies for Reducing Industrial Pollution 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Hawaiian Sugar Cane Industry 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSugar Cane Production: Field Operations 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSugar Cane Production: Harvesting 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSugar Cane Production: Factory Operations 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurvey of Water Pollution Problems 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResponse to the EPA Survey 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Decline of the Industry 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Pulp and Paper Industry 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSteps in the Production of Paper 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObjectionable Characteristics of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuspended Solids 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDissolved Organics 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxic Substances 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWastewater Treatment 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Case Study— The Buckeye Cellulose Corporation Pulp and Paper Mill at Perry, Florida 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Pesticides and Persistent Organic Pollutants 317\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification of Pesticides 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMode of Action 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePesticide Use 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic Health 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of DDT to Control Malaria 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgriculture 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForestry 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePesticide Effects on Nontarget Species 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForest Spraying with DDT to Control Spruce Budworms in New Brunswick, Canada 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDDD Treatment to Control Gnat Populations on Clear Lake, California 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExaggerated and\/or Erroneous Charges Against Pesticide Use 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Destruction of Speckled Sea Trout in the Laguna Madre, Texas 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDDT Reduces Photosynthesis by Marine Phytoplankton 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDDT Residues of 5 ppm (Wet Weight) in the Eggs of Freshwater Trout Result in 100% Mortality of Fry 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDDT Causes Cancer 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplications 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePesticide Persistence in the Biosphere and Food Chain Magnification 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePesticide Effects on Birds 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eField Observations 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLaboratory Studies 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Pesticide Effects on Birds 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePest Resistance 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanisms of Resistance 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Cost of Pest Resistance 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlternatives to Synthetic Pesticide Use 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological Control 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural Predators and Parasites 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePathogens and Natural Toxins 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic Control 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResistant Plants 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSterile Males 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical Control 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegrated Pest Management 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEPA Hearings, January 13, 1972. Afternoon Session 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersistent Organic Pollutants 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolychlorinated Biphenyls 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems with PCBs 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersistence of PCBs 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Thermal Pollution and Global Warming 383\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePower Plant Design 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Quality Criteria 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCooling Water System Characteristics 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxic Effects of Effluent Waters on Biota 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSublethal Effects 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Case Study— The Florida Power and Light Power Plant at Turkey Point 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Study Area 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Power Plant 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects on Biota 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModifications 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrectives 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCooling Canals 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCooling Towers 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal Plant Kills 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScreen Impingements 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInner Plant Kills 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrectives 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePossible Beneficial Uses of Thermal Discharges 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCogeneration Power Plants 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgriculture 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAquaculture 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Uses 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobal Warming 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Metals 437\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Question of Biological Magnification 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Studies 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMercury 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduction and Uses 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFluxes to the Environment 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpeciation of Mercury and Toxicology 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcceptable Levels of Exposure 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMinamata Bay— A Case Study 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeafood Consumption 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCadmium 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution, Production, and Uses 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmissions to the Environment 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural Fluxes to Aquatic Systems 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnthropogenic Fluxes to Aquatic Systems 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxicity 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eItai- Itai Disease— A Case Study 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrectives and Prospects for the Future 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLead 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduction and Use 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmissions 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxicology 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Oil Pollution 505\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOil Discharges to the Marine Environment 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural Sources 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarine Seeps 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnthropogenic Sources 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlatforms 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtmospheric Deposition 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduced Waters 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePipeline Spills 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTanker Spills 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperational Discharges (Cargo Washings) 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoastal Facility Spills (Refined Products) 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtmospheric Deposition 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLand- Based Runoff 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecreational Marine Vessels 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpills (Non- tankers) 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperational Discharges (Vessels ≥100 GT) 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperational Discharges (Vessels \u0026lt;100 GT) 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtmospheric Deposition 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAircraft Dumping 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Genesis of Oil 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSedimentation 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetamorphosis 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMigration 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Is Oil 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlkanes— Paraffins or Aliphatic Compounds 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCycloalkanes or Naphthenes 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAromatics 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxicology 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOiling and Ingestion 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeathering 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLethal and Sublethal Effects 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman Health 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Studies 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExxon Valdez 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Accident and Initial Containment Efforts 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCleanup 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFate of Spilled Oil 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects on Organisms 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeepwater Horizon 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBuzzards Bay 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrectives 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevention 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCleanup 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOffloading 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBurning 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical Dispersal 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanical Containment and Cleanup 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSinking 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBioremediation 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOil Fingerprinting 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Radioactivity 559\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Background 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiation Toxicology 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe No- Threshold and Linear Dose– Response Hypotheses 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth Effect Estimates 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCurrent Levels of Exposure 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImportance of Certain Radionuclides 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects on Aquatic Systems 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNuclear Fission and Fission Reactors 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNuclear Fusion 580\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiation Releases by Power Plants 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoutine Radionuclide Releases 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccidents 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe NRX Accident 587\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWindscale 588\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe SL- 1 Incident 589\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Fermi Reactor Accident 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Three Mile Island Incident 592\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChernobyl 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFukushima Daiichi 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 596\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWaste Disposal 599\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Radioactive Waste 600\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of Disposal 600\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Search for Long- Term Disposal Sites 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransmutation 607\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUranium Mine Wastes 607\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecommissioning Nuclear Reactors 610\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 612\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 615\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Acid Deposition and Ocean Acidification 621\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcid Deposition 621\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcid Rain 622\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of the Acid Deposition Problem 623\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSusceptibility of Lakes to Acid Deposition Effects 626\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcid Deposition Toxicology 628\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnitude of Anthropogenic Emissions 630\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrectives 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSo X Removal 633\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- Treatment 633\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConversion 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoal Gasification 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoal Liquefaction 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombustion 635\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFluidized- Bed Combustion 635\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLime Injection in Multistage Burners (LIMB) 635\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost- Combustion 636\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStack Gas Scrubbing 636\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectron Beam Method 636\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo X Removal 637\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- Treatment and Conversion 637\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombustion 637\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost- Combustion 637\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegrated Gasification Combined Cycle 637\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComments 638\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLegal Aspects 638\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Case Study— The Netherlands 640\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 643\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOcean Acidification 644\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolutions 651\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 652\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 652\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Groundwater Pollution 657\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReliance on Groundwater 658\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Aquifer Information 658\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverdrafting 659\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Extent of Groundwater Pollution 661\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeptic Tanks 661\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSaltwater Contamination 661\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFracking 662\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSewage 663\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMining Activities 663\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaking Underground Storage Tanks 663\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxic Chemicals 665\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIllegal Disposal 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnitude of the Problem 669\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Case Study— The Rocky Mountain Arsenal 671\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLegal Considerations 676\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRCRA 676\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSDWA 678\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCWA 678\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCERCLA 679\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Legislation 682\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnforcement 683\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrectives 683\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCleanup 684\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevention 685\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe EPA Groundwater Protection Strategy 687\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 689\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 690\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Plastics in the Sea 695\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Nature of the Problem 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAesthetics 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIngestion 698\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEntanglement 700\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGhost Fishing 701\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Causes of Entanglement 703\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDamage to Vessels 704\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrectives 704\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarpol Annex V 705\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Legislation 708\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLack of International Consensus 709\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDegradable Plastic 710\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolutions Through Technology 710\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducation 711\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn Eclectic Solution 712\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 714\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 714\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnits of Measurement and Abbreviations 721\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 723\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 725\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 753\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Biology, life sciences [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Biology, life sciences\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Biology,%20life%20sciences%20%5BPS%5D%22\"\u003ePS\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52433833197848,"sku":"9781394397228","price":94.59,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9781394397228.jpg?v=1784854811","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/aquatic-pollution-an-introductory-text-hardback-9781394397228","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}