{"product_id":"a-historical-approach-to-materials-under-irradiation-hardback-9781789452211","title":"A Historical Approach to Materials Under Irradiation (Hardback) 9781789452211","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eA Historical Approach to Materials Under Irradiation\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eSerge Bouffard (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9781789452211, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 25 March 2025\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e320 pages\u003cbr\u003e28 x 19 x 2.4 cm, 0.666 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eResearchers and students have not yet had access to a book which would enable them to trace the origins of the concepts that explain the behavior of materials under irradiation. This book fills the gap.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs far back as antiquity, the notions of purity and disorder have been evoked to explain the different properties of materials. It was geologists who developed the subject in the 19th century. Then, with the discovery of X-rays and radioactivity, disorder in materials became the domain of physicists and chemists. The first observations focused on the color changes of ionic crystals, then gradually all the techniques for characterising materials were used. However, questions about the resistance of the components of the first atomic piles to irradiation led to the development of irradiation studies.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book describes the historical approaches to particle transport and defect creation mechanisms. Several chapters detail the history of irradiation of different types of materials: metals, semiconductors, iono-covalent insulators, polymers and radiolysis of water. The final two chapters deal with irradiation tools and applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Preliminary Remarks 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 References 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Prerequisites for the Irradiation of Materials 5\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Materials and purity, an old story 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Materials and disorder in ancient history 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Discovering the particles behind irradiation 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 High-voltage generation 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Vacuum control 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Cathode rays 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Discovery of X-rays 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5 Discovery of the electron 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.6 Discovery of radioactivity 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 First irradiation experiments 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Pleochroic halos 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Secondary effects of radiation 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Chapter 2 references 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 A brief chronology 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Biographies of some of the chapter’s personalities 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 References 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Particle Transport 47\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 It all started with collision experiments 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Slowing down in the matter 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Particle stopping power 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Electronic stopping power 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Nuclear stopping power 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Particle range 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Transport simulation 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 First simulations 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Channeling effects 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Chapter 3 references 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 Short chronology 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 Biographies of some of the chapter’s personalities 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 References 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 First Notions of Defects 89\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 First observations of defects 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Photographic processes 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 First experiments: an approach guided by sight 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Defects, a useful concept for diffusion 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Notions of defects 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Chapter 4 references 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Biographies of some of the chapter’s personalities 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 References 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Defect Creation Mechanisms 107\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Production of defects by irradiation 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Creation of defects by electronic excitations and ionizations 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Models for the creation of defects by elastic collisions 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Determination of threshold displacement energy 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Threshold displacement energy mapping 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Numerical simulations 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Creation and stability of point defects 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Thermal spike 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Irradiation-induced sputtering 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Metal sputtering 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Uranium sputtering 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Chapter 5 references 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Biographies of some of the chapter’s personalities 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 References 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Metals Under Irradiation 139\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Notions shared with other disciplines 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Self-diffusion in metals 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Cold metalworking 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.3 Dislocation theory 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Creation of defects in metals by irradiation 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Irradiation of pure metals 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Irradiation of ordered alloys 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Displacement threshold 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Description of defects 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Experimental observations of point defects 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Defect annealing 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Chapter 6 references 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Biographies of some of the chapter’s personalities 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 References 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 Semiconductors Under Irradiation 175\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 First irradiation of semiconductors 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Defect generation and counting 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Determining the displacement threshold 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 High-energy deposits 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Description of defects 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Diffusion in semiconductors 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Smart Cut process 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Chapter 7 references 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Laboratories and personalities in this chapter 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 References 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 Iono-covalent Insulators Under Irradiation 195\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Iono-covalent materials under irradiation 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Defects in iono-covalent materials 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Threshold displacement energy in inorganic insulators 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3 Phase transformation under irradiation 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Biographies of some of the chapter’s personalities 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 References 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Polymers Under Irradiation 207\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 First irradiations of polymers 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Research into degradation mechanisms 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Radio-oxidation of polymers 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Research and development, an active field 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Chapter 9 references 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Biographies of some of the chapter’s personalities 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 References 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 Radiolysis of Liquids 223\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Upstream of the notion of radiolysis 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Activated water 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Free radicals 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Solvated electrons 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Solvated electrons, an old story 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Effects of the spatial structure of energy deposits 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Radiolysis yields 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Chapter 10 references 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 Biographies of some of the chapter’s personalities 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 References 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Irradiation Tools 243\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Accelerators 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Radio-frequency cavity accelerators 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Electrostatic accelerators 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3 Tandem electrostatic accelerators 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.4 Pulsed electron accelerators 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Nuclear reactors 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Recent developments 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Chapter 11 references 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Biographies of some of the chapter’s personalities 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 References 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12 Irradiation Applications 267\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Medical applications 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 Radiography 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 Radiotherapies 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.3 Nuclear medicine 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.4 Radiosterilization 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Food processing 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Polymer irradiation applications 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Semiconductor doping 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Doping by implantation 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Transmutation doping 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Radiation resistance of electronic components 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Ion track technology 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Cultural and historical heritage materials 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 References 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eConclusions 293\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.1 An active community 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.2 Future prospects 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.3 References 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 299\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Mechanical engineering \u0026amp; materials [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Mechanical engineering \u0026amp; materials\" 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