{"product_id":"a-handbook-for-the-sustainable-use-of-timber-in-construction-hardback-9781119701095","title":"A Handbook for the Sustainable Use of Timber in Construction (Hardback) 9781119701095","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eA Handbook for the Sustainable Use of Timber in Construction\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eJim Coulson (Author), Iain Thew (With)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9781119701095, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 31 December 2020\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e416 pages\u003cbr\u003e24.4 x 17 x 3 cm, 0.85 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eThere is a growing interest in the use of wood in new building, not least because it has low embodied energy and it is an infinitely renewable resource. Despite a great deal of innovation in the use of wood in construction in recent years, the fundamentals of using this natural material have not really changed: the different types of wood have different properties and differing responses to the environment in which they are used. When used correctly, wood is an excellent building material but when inappropriately specified or used, it may cause problems.  Poor understanding of the properties of wood and the many species and grades that are commercially available can result in this versatile material performing below expectation, and certainly less well than could have been achieved with greater understanding about how best to use it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eHow Wood Works\u003c\/i\u003e is a combination of the author's two previous books, into one comprehensive volume. Revised and updated material to deal with the essentials of structural design and building in timber, in a sustainable manner while reflecting on changes in Standards and other Regulations and expanding on certain technical areas – such as more detailed wood science and wood structure.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart One How Timber Works: Wood as a Material – Its Main Processes and Uses 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Wood as a Material 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Tree growth and wood formation 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Cellulose, carbon dioxide, and oxygen 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 The essential cell structure of wood 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Wood grain 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Dimensional changes in wood 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Cambium, pith, heartwood, and sapwood 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Natural durability 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Permeability in timber 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Pits 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Chapter summary 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 More on Wood – With Some Comments about Timber Trading 29\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Should we call it ‘wood’ or ‘timber’ (or even ‘lumber’)? 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Wood species and timber trading 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Softwoods and hardwoods 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Some more information on wood’s cell structure 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 The significance of ‘trade names’ versus ‘scientific names’ 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Growth rings 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Earlywood and latewood 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Rate of growth in softwoods 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Rate of growth in hardwoods 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Chapter summary 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Two Fundamental Factors in Using Wood: Fire and Water 49\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Wood and fire 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Wood and moisture 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Kiln drying 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Air drying 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Problems with timber as it dries 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Timescales for drying timber 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Chapter summary 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Specifying Timber: For Indoor or Outdoor Uses – With Some Information on the Biological Attack of Wood 83\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 British and European standards 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Durability and treatability of different wood species 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Use classes 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Examples of the use of timbers in different use class situations 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Hazard and risk – and their relative importance 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Use class 1: examples 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Insects that can attack wood 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Treatment against insect attack 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Use class 2: examples 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Use class 3: examples 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Use class 4: examples 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Wet rot and ‘dry rot’ 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13 Modified wood 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.14 Use class 5: examples – plus two marine organisms which can eat wood 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.15 Chapter summary 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Wood Preservatives and Wood Finishes 115\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Rule number one: treat the timber last! 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Wood preservative types 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 ‘Old’ and ‘new’ treatments 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Basic methods of timber treatment 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Preservative chemicals 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 ‘Treated’ timber 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Chapter summary 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Timber Quality: Defects in Wood and Grading for Appearance 133\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 The need for grading 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 ‘Quality’ or ‘grade’? 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Quality 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Grade 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Different types of grading 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 ‘Appearance’ grading 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Appearance grading based on selection by inherent defects 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Scandinavian appearance grades 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Unsorted, fifths, and sixths 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Russian appearance grades 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11 Saw falling 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12 European appearance grades 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13 North American appearance grades 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14 Clears, merchantable, and commons 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.15 A comparison of Scandinavian and North American grades 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.16 Appearance grading based on ‘cuttings’ 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.17 NHLA grades 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.18 Malaysian grades 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.19 Rules are made to be bent (within reason!) 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.20 Shipper’s usual 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.21 J classes 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.22 Exposed face 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.23 Chapter summary 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Strength Grading and Strength Classes 163\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Appearance versus strength 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Visual strength grades 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 GS and SS strength grades 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Strength classes for softwoods 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 BS EN 1912 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 SC3, SC4: C16 and C24 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Machine grading 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Other strength grades: Europe and North America 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Select structural, no. 1 and no. 2 structural, and stud grades 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 TR26 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 CLS 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12 Specifying a strength class or wood species: things to think about 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13 Hardwood strength grading 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.14 Tropical hardwoods 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.15 Temperate hardwoods 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.16 The ‘size effect’ 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.17 Hardwood strength classes 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.18 Marking of strength-graded timber 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.19 Chapter summary 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Wood-Based Sheet Materials 185\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Plywood construction 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Two fundamental properties of plywood 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 The basic types of plywood 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Problems with veneer ‘layup’ 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 ‘WBP’ 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Exterior 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 EN 636 plywood types 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Adhesives used in plywood 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 BS 1088 marine plywood 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Plywood glue bond testing 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11 Plywood face quality 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12 Appearance grading of face veneers 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.13 Plywood certification 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14 Particleboards 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.15 Fibreboards 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.16 Chapter summary 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Principles of Timber Engineering (by Iain Thew) 215\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Timber as an ‘engineering material’ 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Loads: their actions on structures 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Load transfer 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Bending, compression, and tension stresses 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 The use of strength classes 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Load duration and its significance 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Effects of timber moisture content on engineering properties 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Load sharing 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Deflection and ‘creep’ 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Trussed rafters 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.11 ‘Engineered timber’ joists 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.12 Glulam and LVL 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.13 Cross-laminated timber 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14 Chapter summary 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart Two Using Timber and Wood-Based Products in Legal and Sustainable Way 231\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Some Things You Should Know About Wood, Trees, and Forests 233\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Some very basic comments on how trees grow 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 How long can trees live for – and how ‘old’ is an old tree? 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 The properties of different timbers 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Distribution of tree types 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Natural forests 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Managed forests: conifers 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Managed forests: broadleaved trees 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Plantations: both softwoods and hardwoods 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Planting trees to help with climate change 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 The Concept of ‘Sustainability’ 255\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Being sustainable: a definition – and a target 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 What can we do to help? 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Should we be cutting down trees? 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Using the forest resource: the economic argument 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Legal harvesting 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 The UK Timber Trade Federation and its ‘responsible purchasing policy’ 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Voluntary Timber Certification Schemes 269\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Some more details about the RPP 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Checking legality I: the Corruption Perceptions Index 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Checking legality II: FLEGT 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Checking legality III: MYTLAS 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Checking legality IV: other ‘legality’ certification schemes 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Checking sustainability: chain-of-custody certification 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 UKWAS 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Third-party assurance 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 How chain-of-custody schemes operate 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 UK Government, EU, and Other Countries’ Regulations: Legally Trading in World Timbers 289\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Checking up on the checkers: CPET and beyond 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Help with legality and sustainability requirements in a UK context 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 The UK government’s requirements for TPP 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Category A and category B: ‘proof of compliance’ 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Current and future supplies of certified timber 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 The EUTR: Europe’s compulsory ‘timber legality scheme’ 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Due Diligence 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 How to Satisfy the EUTR (or now, in the UK, the UKTR) 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 Putting together a due diligence system 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10 Maintaining a due diligence system 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.11 ‘First placer on the market’ 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.12 CE marking and the CPR 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.13 CITES: what exactly is It? 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Softwoods Used in Construction – With Their Main Properties and Sustainability Credentials 307\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 European redwood, or scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 European whitewood (principally Picea abies) 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 ‘Douglas fir’ (Pseudotsuga menziesii) 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Larch (mainly Larix decidua and Larix kaempferi\/Larix leptolepis) 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 ‘Western red cedar’ (Thuja plicata) 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Southern pine (Pinus spp., principally Pinus elliottii, Pinus echinata, Pinus palustris, and Pinus taeda) 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9 Yellow pine (Pinus strobus) 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10 Species groups 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Some Hardwoods Used in Construction – With Their Main Properties and Sustainability Credentials 321\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 ‘Vulnerable’ timbers 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Timber names: a bit more information 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Ash, American (Fraxinus spp.) 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Ash, European (Fraxinus excelsior) 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Ayan (Distemonanthus benthamianus) 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Basralocus (Dicorynia guianensis or Dicorynia paraensis) 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Beech, European (Fagus sylvatica) 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 Bilinga 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9 Birch, European (mainly Betula pubescens, sometimes Betula pendula) 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.10 Cherry, American (Prunus serotina) 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.11 Chestnut, sweet (Castanea sativa) 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.12 Cupiuba 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.13 Ekki (Lophira alata) 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.14 Eucalyptus 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.15 Eveuss (Klainedoxa gabonensis) 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.16 Gedu nohor (Entandrophragma angolense) 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.17 Greenheart (Chlorocardium rodiei; formerly Ocotea rodaiei) 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.18 Guariuba (Clarisia racemosa) 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.19 Idigbo (Terminalia ivorensis) 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.20 Iroko (Milicia excelsa) 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.21 Kabukalli (Goupia glabra) 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.22 Kapur (Dryobalanops spp.) 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.23 Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.24 Kosipo (Entandrophragma candollei) 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.25 Mahogany, African (principally Khaya ivorensis and Khaya anthotheca) 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.26 Mahogany, Central American (Swietenia macrophylla) 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.27 Maple (Acer saccharum) 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.28 Majau (Shorea spp.) 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.29 Massaranduba (Manilkara spp.) 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.30 Meranti (Shorea spp.) 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.31 Merbau (Intsia bijuga) 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.32 Missanda (Erythrophleum guineense and Erythrophleum ivorense) 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.33 Movingui 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.34 Oak, American red (principally Quercus rubra and Quercus falcata) 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.35 Oak, American white (principally Quercus alba and Quercus prinus, but also Quercus lyrata and Quercus michauxii) 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.36 Oak, European (mainly Quercus robur, but also Quercus petraea) 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.37 Obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon) 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.38 Omu 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.39 Opepe (Nauclea diderrichii) 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.40 Padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii) 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.41 ‘Red grandis’ (really Eucalyptus grandis) 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.42 Sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum) 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.43 Tatajuba (Bagassa guianensis) 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.44 Teak (Tectona grandis) 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.45 Tali 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.46 Tiama 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.47 Tulipwod 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.48 Utile (Entandrophragma utile) 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.49 Walnut, American (Juglans nigra) 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.50 Walnut, European (Juglans regia) 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.51 Whitewood, American or tulipwood (Liriodendron tulipifera) 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 The Use and Reuse of Timber and Wood-Based Products: The Carbon Cycle, End-of-Life Disposal, and Using Wood as Biomass 351\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Should we ‘save’ all the trees? 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 The true ‘carbon cycle’ 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 End-of-life disposal of timber and wood-based products 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Recycled timber 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Disposal of timber in landfill 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Burning wood: fossil fuels versus biomass 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Biomass 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Energy Considerations: Other Construction Materials Compared with Wood 361\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Embodied energy 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Cradle-to-grave analysis 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Cradle to cradle: or the ‘circular economy’ 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 BREEAM 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Assessment criteria 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Contribution of timber to ‘sustainable building’ 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7 The overall cost of being ‘sustainable’ 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A A Glossary of Wood and Timber Terms Used in the Timber and Construction Industries 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B A Select Bibliography of Some Useful Technical Reference Works, Plus Some Other Information on Timber and Wood-Based Products 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C Some Helpful Technical, Advisory, and Trade Bodies Concerned with Timber 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 389\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Civil engineering, surveying \u0026amp; building [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Civil engineering, surveying \u0026amp; building\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Civil%20engineering,%20surveying%20\u0026amp;%20building%20%5BTN%5D%22\"\u003eTN\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52173737394456,"sku":"9781119701095","price":60.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9781119701095.jpg?v=1781169274","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/a-handbook-for-the-sustainable-use-of-timber-in-construction-hardback-9781119701095","provider":"Freshly 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