{"title":"Regional anatomy","description":"Books on the subject of Regional anatomy","products":[{"product_id":"human-neuroanatomy-hardback-9780120682515","title":"Human Neuroanatomy (Hardback) 9780120682515","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eHuman Neuroanatomy\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eA thorough and comprehensive textbook of the human brain and spinal cord for medical and graduate students as well as residents in the clinical neurosciences.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eJames R. Augustine (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9780120682515, Elsevier Science\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 15 November 2007\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e450 pages, Approx. 100 illustrations\u003cbr\u003e27.8 x 21.5 x 2.8 cm, 1.64 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\"The book is well done, well written and beautifully illustrated. I have looked at every page, and admired the many illustrations. The precision of the neuroanatomical details should be a wake-up call to all the \"generalities\" fostered by those who tout \"Neuroscience.\" I hope the book does well!\" --\u003cb\u003eIsabel Lockard, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, Cell Biology and Anatomy, the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eHuman Neuroanatomy\u003c\/i\u003e provides a thorough and comprehensive overview of the human brain and spinal cord for medical and graduate students as well as residents in the clinical neurosciences. Standing on the shoulders of training from outstanding scientist-teacher mentors and based on more than 30 years of experience teaching about the brain and spinal cord to medical and graduate students, this single authored text presents everything the reader would need as they begin their study of the nervous system. At the same time the experienced neuroscientist will find much useful and valuable information in these pages that is based almost exclusively on studies in experimental primates and observations in humans. Every effort has been made to present the complexities of the nervous system as simply and clearly as possible. The careful reader will discover a clarity and depth of coverage that makes the reading both instructional and enjoyable. Topics are presented logically and the text in an easy-to-read style. The accompanying line drawings emphasize important concepts in a clear and uncluttered manner.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eTopics presented:\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eNeurons, glial cells, degeneration, regeneration, axonal transport\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eReview of the development of the human nervous system\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOverview of the anatomy of the spinal cord, brain stem and forebrain\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eGeneral sensory paths (pain, temperature, touch, pressure, proprioception)\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSpecial sensory systems (auditory, vestibular, visual, olfactory and gustatory)\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEye movements and visual reflexes\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eComprehensive presentation of the regions involved in motor activity including the clinical manifestation of injuries to these motor areas\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eLimbic system, hypothalamus and the autonomic nervous system\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eLobes of the brain, clinically important cortical areas and the results of lesions in these areas\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eBlood supply to the spinal cord, brain stem, and brain including classical brain stem syndromes\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eThe meninges and the ventricular system\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNumerous helpful clinical correlations that emphasize the practical application of basic anatomical information\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eContents\u003cbr\u003ePreface \u003cbr\u003eChapter 1: Introduction to the Nervous System \u003cbr\u003e     1.1. Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          1.1.1. Neuronal Cell Body (Soma) \u003cbr\u003e          1.1.2. Axon Hillock \u003cbr\u003e          1.1.3. Neuronal Processes – Axons and Dendrites \u003cbr\u003e     1.2. Classification of Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          1.2.1. Neuronal Classification by Function \u003cbr\u003e          1.2.2. Neuronal Classification by Number of Processes \u003cbr\u003e     1.3. The Synapse \u003cbr\u003e          1.3.1. Components of a Synapse \u003cbr\u003e          1.3.2. Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators \u003cbr\u003e          1.3.3. Neuronal Plasticity \u003cbr\u003e          1.3.4. The Neuropil \u003cbr\u003e     1.4. Neuroglial Cells \u003cbr\u003e          1.4.1. Neuroglial Cells differ from Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          1.4.2. Identification of Neuroglia \u003cbr\u003e          1.4.3. Neuroglial Function \u003cbr\u003e          1.4.4. Neuroglial Cells and Aging \u003cbr\u003e     1.5. Axonal Transport \u003cbr\u003e          1.5.1. Functions of Axonal Transport \u003cbr\u003e          1.5.2. Defective Axonal Transport \u003cbr\u003e     1.6. Degeneration and Regeneration \u003cbr\u003e          1.6.1. Axon or Retrograde Reaction \u003cbr\u003e          1.6.2. Anterograde Degeneration \u003cbr\u003e          1.6.3. Retrograde Degeneration \u003cbr\u003e          1.6.4. Regeneration of Peripheral Nerves \u003cbr\u003e          1.6.5. Regeneration and Neurotrophic Factors \u003cbr\u003e          1.6.6. Regeneration in the Central Nervous System \u003cbr\u003e     1.7. Neural Transplantation \u003cbr\u003e     Further Reading \u003cbr\u003eChapter 2: Development of the Nervous System \u003cbr\u003e     2.1. First Week of Development (Fertilization, Free Blastocyst, Attaching Blastocyst) \u003cbr\u003e          2.1.1. Fertilization \u003cbr\u003e          2.1.2. From Two Cells to the Free Blastocyst \u003cbr\u003e     2.2. Second Week of Development (Implantation, Primitive Streak Appears, Three Layers of Cells) \u003cbr\u003e          2.2.1. Implantation and the Appearance of Two Distinct Layers of Cells \u003cbr\u003e          2.2.2. Primitive Streak and a Third Layer of Cells Appear \u003cbr\u003e     2.3. Third Week of Development (Neural Plate, Groove, and Folds, Three Main Divisions of the Brain) \u003cbr\u003e          2.3.1. Primitive Node and Notochordal Process Appear \u003cbr\u003e          2.3.2. Neural Plate, Groove, Folds and Neuromeres Appear \u003cbr\u003e          2.3.3. Three Main Divisions of the Brain Identifiable \u003cbr\u003e          2.3.4. Mesencephalic Flexure Appears \u003cbr\u003e     2.4. Fourth Week of Development (Neural Tube Forms and Closes, Neural Crest Formation Continues) \u003cbr\u003e          2.4.1. Formation of the Neural Tube \u003cbr\u003e          2.4.2. Rostral and Caudal Neuropores Remain Temporarily Open \u003cbr\u003e          2.4.3. Neural Crest Cells Emerge \u003cbr\u003e          2.4.4. Neural Canal – the Future Ventricular System\u003cbr\u003e          2.4.5. Neuropores Close and the Closed Neural Tube is Filled with Fluid \u003cbr\u003e          2.4.6. Cervical Flexure Present \u003cbr\u003e     2.5. Fifth Week of Development (Five Subdivisions of the Brain Identifiable) \u003cbr\u003e          2.5.1. Simple Tube Transforms into Complex Organ System \u003cbr\u003e          2.5.2. Five Subdivisions of the Brain Appear \u003cbr\u003e          2.5.3. Brain Vesicles vs. Brain Regions \u003cbr\u003e     2.6. Vulnerability of the Developing Nervous System \u003cbr\u003e     2.7. Congenital Malformations of the Nervous System \u003cbr\u003e          2.7.1. Spinal Dysraphism \u003cbr\u003e          2.7.2. Anencephaly \u003cbr\u003e     Further Reading \u003cbr\u003eChapter 3: The Spinal Cord \u003cbr\u003e     3.1. Embryological Considerations\u003cbr\u003e          3.1.1. Layers of the Developing Spinal Cord \u003cbr\u003e          3.1.2. Formation of Ventral Gray Columns and Ventral Roots \u003cbr\u003e          3.1.3. Formation of Dorsal Gray Columns \u003cbr\u003e          3.1.4. Dorsal and Ventral Horns vs. Dorsal and Ventral Gray Columns \u003cbr\u003e          3.1.5. Development of Neural Crest Cells \u003cbr\u003e          3.1.6. The Framework of the Adult Cord is Present at Birth \u003cbr\u003e     3.2. Gross Anatomy \u003cbr\u003e          3.2.1. Spinal Cord Weight and Length \u003cbr\u003e          3.2.2. Spinal Segments, Regions, and Enlargements \u003cbr\u003e          3.2.3. Spinal Segments in Each Region are of Unequal Length \u003cbr\u003e          3.2.4. Conus Medullaris, Filum Terminale, and Cauda Equina \u003cbr\u003e          3.2.5. Termination of the Adult Spinal Cord \u003cbr\u003e          3.2.6. Differential Rate of Growth: Vertebral Column vs. the Spinal Cord \u003cbr\u003e          3.2.7. Relationship between Spinal Segments and Vertebrae \u003cbr\u003e     3.3. Nuclear Groups – Gray Matter \u003cbr\u003e          3.3.1. General Arrangement of Spinal Cord Gray Matter \u003cbr\u003e          3.3.2. Gray Matter at Enlargement Levels \u003cbr\u003e          3.3.3. Spinal Laminae \u003cbr\u003e          3.3.4. Dorsal Horn \u003cbr\u003e          3.3.5. Lateral Horn \u003cbr\u003e          3.3.6. Ventral Horn \u003cbr\u003e     3.4. Functional Classes of Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          3.4.1. Four Classes of Neurons in the Spinal Cord \u003cbr\u003e          3.4.2. General Somatic vs. General Visceral Afferent Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          3.4.3. General Somatic vs. General Visceral Efferent Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          3.4.4. Some Ventral Root Axons are Sensory \u003cbr\u003e     3.5. Funiculi\/Fasciculi\/Tracts – White Matter \u003cbr\u003e     3.6. Spinal Reflexes \u003cbr\u003e     3.7. Spinal Meninges and Related Spaces \u003cbr\u003e          3.7.1. Spinal Dura Mater \u003cbr\u003e          3.7.2. Spinal Arachnoid \u003cbr\u003e          3.7.3. Spinal Pia Mater \u003cbr\u003e     3.8. Spinal Cord Injury \u003cbr\u003e          3.8.1. Transverse Hemisection of the Spinal Cord (Brown-Séquard Syndrome) \u003cbr\u003e          3.8.2. Syringomyelia \u003cbr\u003e     3.9. Blood Supply to the Spinal Cord \u003cbr\u003e     Further Reading \u003cbr\u003eChapter 4: The Brain Stem \u003cbr\u003e     4.1. External Features \u003cbr\u003e          4.1.1. Medulla Oblongata \u003cbr\u003e          4.1.2. Pons \u003cbr\u003e          4.1.3. Midbrain \u003cbr\u003e     4.2. Cerebellum and Fourth Ventricle \u003cbr\u003e          4.2.1. Cerebellum \u003cbr\u003e          4.2.2. Fourth Ventricle \u003cbr\u003e     4.3. Organization of Brain Stem Neuronal Columns \u003cbr\u003e          4.3.1. Functional Components of the Cranial Nerves \u003cbr\u003e          4.3.2. Efferent Columns \u003cbr\u003e          4.3.3. Afferent Columns \u003cbr\u003e     4.4. Internal Features \u003cbr\u003e          4.4.1. Endogenous Substances \u003cbr\u003e          4.4.2. Medulla Oblongata \u003cbr\u003e          4.4.3. Pons \u003cbr\u003e          4.4.4. Midbrain \u003cbr\u003e     Further Reading \u003cbr\u003eChapter 5: The Forebrain \u003cbr\u003e     5.1. Telencephalon \u003cbr\u003e          5.1.1. Telencephalon Medium \u003cbr\u003e          5.1.2. Cerebral Hemispheres \u003cbr\u003e          5.1.3. Basal Nuclei \u003cbr\u003e          5.1.4. Rhinencephalon \u003cbr\u003e     5.2. Diencephalon\u003cbr\u003e          5.2.1. Epithalamus \u003cbr\u003e          5.2.2. Thalamus \u003cbr\u003e          5.2.3. Subthalamus \u003cbr\u003e          5.2.4. Hypothalamus \u003cbr\u003e     5.3. Cerebral White Matter \u003cbr\u003e     Further Reading 80\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6: Introduction to Ascending Sensory Paths \u003cbr\u003e     6.1. Receptors \u003cbr\u003e     6.2. Classification of Receptors by Modality \u003cbr\u003e          6.2.1. Mechanoreceptors \u003cbr\u003e          6.2.2. Thermoreceptors \u003cbr\u003e          6.2.3. Nociceptors \u003cbr\u003e          6.2.4. Chemoreceptors \u003cbr\u003e          6.2.5. Photoreceptors\u003cbr\u003e          6.2.6. Osmoreceptors \u003cbr\u003e     6.3. Sherrington’s Classification of Receptors \u003cbr\u003e          6.3.1. Exteroceptors \u003cbr\u003e          6.3.2. Interoceptors\u003cbr\u003e          6.3.3. Proprioceptors \u003cbr\u003e     6.4. Structural Classification of Receptors \u003cbr\u003e          6.4.1. Free Nerve Endings \u003cbr\u003e          6.4.2. Endings in Hair Follicles \u003cbr\u003e          6.4.3. Terminal Endings of Nerves \u003cbr\u003e          6.4.4. Neurotendinous Spindles \u003cbr\u003e          6.4.5. Neuromuscular Spindles \u003cbr\u003e     6.5. Reflex Circuits \u003cbr\u003e          6.5.1. The Monosynaptic Reflex \u003cbr\u003e          6.5.2. Complex Reflexes \u003cbr\u003e     6.6. General Sensory Paths \u003cbr\u003e          6.6.1. Classification of Sensory Paths by Function \u003cbr\u003e     6.7. Organization of General Sensory Paths \u003cbr\u003e          6.7.1. Receptors \u003cbr\u003e          6.7.2. Primary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          6.7.3. Secondary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          6.7.4. Thalamic Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          6.7.5. Cortical Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          6.7.6. Modulation of Sensory Paths \u003cbr\u003e     Further Reading \u003cbr\u003eChapter 7: Paths for Pain and Temperature \u003cbr\u003e     7.1. Path for Superficial Pain and Temperature from the Body \u003cbr\u003e          7.1.1. Modalities \u003cbr\u003e          7.1.2. Receptor\u003cbr\u003e          7.1.3. Primary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          7.1.4. Secondary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          7.1.5. Position of the Lateral Spinothalamic Tract in the Brain Stem \u003cbr\u003e          7.1.6. Thalamic Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          7.1.7. Cortical Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          7.1.8. Modulation of Painful and Thermal Impulses \u003cbr\u003e     7.2. Path for Visceral Pain from the Body \u003cbr\u003e          7.2.1. Modalities and Receptors \u003cbr\u003e          7.2.2. Primary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          7.2.3. Secondary Neurons\u003cbr\u003e          7.2.4. Thalamic Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          7.2.5. Cortical Neurons\u003cbr\u003e          7.2.6. Suffering Accompanying Pain \u003cbr\u003e          7.2.7. Visceral Pain as Referred Pain \u003cbr\u003e          7.2.8. Transection of Fiber Bundles to Relieve Intractable Pain \u003cbr\u003e     7.3. The Trigeminal Nuclear Complex \u003cbr\u003e          7.3.1. Organization of the Trigeminal Nuclear Complex \u003cbr\u003e          7.3.2. Organization of Entering Trigeminal Sensory Fibers\u003cbr\u003e     7.4. Path for Superficial Pain and Thermal Extremes from the Head \u003cbr\u003e          7.4.1. Modalities and Receptors \u003cbr\u003e          7.4.2. Primary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          7.4.3. Secondary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          7.4.4. Thalamic Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          7.5. Path for Thermal Discrimination from the Head \u003cbr\u003e          7.5.1. Modality and Receptors \u003cbr\u003e          7.5.2. Primary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          7.5.3. Secondary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          7.5.4. Thalamic Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          7.5.5. Cortical Neurons \u003cbr\u003e     7.6. General Somatic Afferent Components of VII, IX and X \u003cbr\u003e     7.7. Trigeminal and Other Neuralgias \u003cbr\u003e          7.7.1. Causes of Trigeminal Neuralgia 1\u003cbr\u003e          7.7.2. Methods of Treatment for Trigeminal Neuralgia \u003cbr\u003e     7.8. Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia \u003cbr\u003e     Further Reading \u003cbr\u003eChapter 8: Paths for Touch, Pressure, Proprioception, and Vibration \u003cbr\u003e     8.1. Path for General Tactile Sensation from the Body \u003cbr\u003e          8.1.1. Modalities and Receptors \u003cbr\u003e          8.1.2. Primary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          8.1.3. Secondary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          8.1.4. Thalamic Neurons \u003cbr\u003e     8.2. Path for Tactile Discrimination, Pressure, Proprioception, and Vibration from the Body 1\u003cbr\u003e          8.2.1. Modalities and Receptors \u003cbr\u003e          8.2.2. Primary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          8.2.3. Secondary Neurons\u003cbr\u003e          8.2.4. Thalamic Neurons\u003cbr\u003e          8.2.5. Cortical Neurons\u003cbr\u003e          8.2.6. Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Relief of Pain \u003cbr\u003e     8.3. Path for Tactile Discrimination from the Head \u003cbr\u003e          8.3.1. Modalities and Receptors\u003cbr\u003e          8.3.2. Primary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          8.3.3. Secondary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          8.3.4. Thalamic Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          8.3.5. Cortical Neurons \u003cbr\u003e     8.4. Path for General Tactile Sensation from the Head \u003cbr\u003e          8.4.1. Modalities and Receptors \u003cbr\u003e          8.4.2. Primary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          8.4.3. Secondary Neurons and Their Central Processes \u003cbr\u003e          8.4.4. Thalamic Neurons \u003cbr\u003e     8.5. Path for Proprioception, Pressure, and Vibration from the Head \u003cbr\u003e          8.5.1. Modalities and Receptors \u003cbr\u003e          8.5.2. Primary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          8.5.3. Secondary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          8.5.4. Thalamic Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          8.5.5. Cortical Neurons \u003cbr\u003e     8.6. Trigeminal Motor Component \u003cbr\u003e     8.7. Certain Trigeminal Reflexes \u003cbr\u003e          8.7.1. Mandibular, Masseter, or ‘Jaw-Closing’ Reflex\u003cbr\u003e          8.7.2. Corneal Reflex \u003cbr\u003e     Further Reading \u003cbr\u003eChapter 9: The Reticular Formation \u003cbr\u003e     9.1. Structural Aspects \u003cbr\u003e          9.1.1. Reticular Nuclei in the Medulla \u003cbr\u003e          9.1.2. Reticular Nuclei in the Pons \u003cbr\u003e          9.1.3. Reticular Nuclei in the Midbrain \u003cbr\u003e     9.2. Ascending Reticular System \u003cbr\u003e     9.3. Descending Reticular System \u003cbr\u003e     9.4. Functional Aspects of the Reticular Formation \u003cbr\u003e          9.4.1. Consciousness\u003cbr\u003e          9.4.2. Homeostatic Regulation \u003cbr\u003e          9.4.3. Visceral Reflexes \u003cbr\u003e          9.4.4. Motor Function\u003cbr\u003e     Further Reading 1\u003cbr\u003eChapter 10: The Auditory System \u003cbr\u003e     10.1. Gross Anatomy \u003cbr\u003e          10.1.1. External Ear \u003cbr\u003e          10.1.2. Middle Ear \u003cbr\u003e          10.1.3. Internal Ear \u003cbr\u003e     10.2. The Ascending Auditory Path \u003cbr\u003e          10.2.1. Modality and Receptors \u003cbr\u003e          10.2.2. Primary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          10.2.3. Secondary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          10.2.4. Tertiary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          10.2.5. Inferior Collicular Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          10.2.6. Thalamic Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          10.2.7. Cortical Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          10.2.8. Comments \u003cbr\u003e     10.3. Descending Auditory Connections\u003cbr\u003e          10.3.1. Electrical Stimulation of Cochlear Efferents \u003cbr\u003e          10.3.2. Autonomic Fibers to the Cochlea\u003cbr\u003e     10.4. Injury to the Auditory Path \u003cbr\u003e          10.4.1. Congenital Loss of Hearing \u003cbr\u003e          10.4.2. Decoupling of Stereocilia\u003cbr\u003e          10.4.3. Tinnitus \u003cbr\u003e          10.4.4. Noise-Induced Loss of Hearing \u003cbr\u003e          10.4.5. Aging and the Loss of Hearing \u003cbr\u003e          10.4.6. Unilateral Loss of Hearing \u003cbr\u003e          10.4.7. Injury to the Inferior Colliculi \u003cbr\u003e          10.4.8. Unilateral Injury to the Medial Geniculate Body or Auditory Cortex \u003cbr\u003e          10.4.9. Bilateral Injury to the Primary Auditory Cortex \u003cbr\u003e          10.4.10. Auditory Seizures – Audenes \u003cbr\u003e     10.5. Cochlear Implants \u003cbr\u003e     10.6. Auditory Brain Stem Implants \u003cbr\u003e     Further Reading \u003cbr\u003eChapter 11: The Vestibular System \u003cbr\u003e     11.1 Gross Anatomy \u003cbr\u003e          11.1.1. Internal Ear \u003cbr\u003e     11.2. The Ascending Vestibular Path \u003cbr\u003e          11.2.1. Modalities and Receptors \u003cbr\u003e          11.2.2. Primary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          11.2.3. Secondary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          11.2.4. Thalamic Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          11.2.5. Cortical Neurons \u003cbr\u003e     11.3. Other Vestibular Connections\u003cbr\u003e          11.3.1. Primary Vestibulocerebellar Fibers \u003cbr\u003e          11.3.2. Vestibular Nuclear Projections to the Cerebellum \u003cbr\u003e          11.3.3. Vestibular Nuclear Projections to the Spinal Cord \u003cbr\u003e          11.3.4. Vestibular Nuclear Projections to Nuclei of the Extraocular Muscles \u003cbr\u003e          11.3.5. Vestibular Nuclear Projections to the Reticular Formation \u003cbr\u003e          11.3.6. Vestibular Projections to the Contralateral Vestibular Nuclei \u003cbr\u003e     11.4. The Efferent Component of the Vestibular System \u003cbr\u003e     11.5. Afferent Projections to the Vestibular Nuclei \u003cbr\u003e     11.6. Vertigo \u003cbr\u003e          11.6.1. Physiological Vertigo \u003cbr\u003e          11.6.2. Pathological Vertigo \u003cbr\u003e          Further Reading \u003cbr\u003eChapter 12: The Visual System \u003cbr\u003e     12.1. Retina \u003cbr\u003e          12.1.1. Pigment Layer \u003cbr\u003e          12.1.2. Neural Layer \u003cbr\u003e          12.1.3. Other Retinal Elements \u003cbr\u003e          12.1.4. Special Retinal Regions \u003cbr\u003e          12.1.5. Retinal Areas \u003cbr\u003e          12.1.6. Visual Fields \u003cbr\u003e     12.2. Visual Path \u003cbr\u003e          12.2.1. Receptors \u003cbr\u003e          12.2.2. Primary Retinal Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          12.2.3. Secondary Retinal Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          12.2.4. Optic Nerve [II] \u003cbr\u003e          12.2.5. Optic Chiasma – the Union of Both Intracranial Optic Nerves 208\u003cbr\u003e          12.2.6. Optic Tract \u003cbr\u003e          12.2.7. Thalamic Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          12.2.8. Optic Radiations \u003cbr\u003e          12.2.9. Cortical Neurons \u003cbr\u003e     12.3. Injuries to the Visual System\u003cbr\u003e          12.3.1. Retinal Injuries \u003cbr\u003e          12.3.2. Injury to the Optic Nerve \u003cbr\u003e          12.3.3. Chiasmal Injuries \u003cbr\u003e          12.3.4. Injuries to the Optic Tract \u003cbr\u003e          12.3.5. Injury to the Lateral Geniculate Body \u003cbr\u003e          12.3.6. Injuries to the Optic Radiations \u003cbr\u003e          12.3.7. Injuries to the Visual Cortex \u003cbr\u003e          Further Reading \u003cbr\u003eChapter 13: Ocular Movements and Visual Reflexes \u003cbr\u003e     13.1. Ocular Movements\u003cbr\u003e          13.1.1. Primary Position of the Eyes \u003cbr\u003e     13.2. Conjugate Ocular Movements \u003cbr\u003e          13.2.1. Miniature Ocular Movements \u003cbr\u003e          13.2.2. Saccades \u003cbr\u003e          13.2.3. Smooth Pursuit Movements\u003cbr\u003e          13.2.4. Vestibular Movements \u003cbr\u003e     13.3. Extraocular Muscles \u003cbr\u003e     13.4. Innervation of the Extraocular Muscles\u003cbr\u003e          13.4.1. Abducent Nucleus and Nerve \u003cbr\u003e          13.4.2. Trochlear Nucleus and Nerve \u003cbr\u003e          13.4.3. Oculomotor Nucleus and Nerve \u003cbr\u003e     13.5. Anatomical Basis of Conjugate Ocular Movements\u003cbr\u003e     13.6. Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus \u003cbr\u003e     13.7. Vestibular Connections Related to Ocular Movements \u003cbr\u003e          13.7.1. Vestibular Connections Related to Horizontal Ocular Movements \u003cbr\u003e          13.7.2. Vestibular Nystagmus \u003cbr\u003e          13.7.3. Doll’s Ocular Movements \u003cbr\u003e          13.7.4. Vestibular Connections Related to Vertical Ocular Movements \u003cbr\u003e     13.8. Injury to the Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus\u003cbr\u003e     13.9. Injury to the Vestibular Nuclei \u003cbr\u003e     13.10. The Reticular Formation and Ocular Movements \u003cbr\u003e     13.11. Congenital Nystagmus \u003cbr\u003e     13.12. Ocular Bobbing \u003cbr\u003e     13.13. Examination of the Vestibular System \u003cbr\u003e     13.14. Visual Reflexes \u003cbr\u003e          13.14.1. The Light Reflex \u003cbr\u003e          13.14.2. The Near Reflex\u003cbr\u003e          13.14.3. Pupillary Dilatation \u003cbr\u003e          13.14.4. The Lateral Tectotegmentospinal Tract \u003cbr\u003e          13.14.5. Pupillary Pain Reflex and the Spinotectal Tract\u003cbr\u003e          13.14.6. The Afferent Pupillary Defect (Marcus Gunn Pupillary Sign) \u003cbr\u003e          Further Reading \u003cbr\u003eChapter 14: The Thalamus \u003cbr\u003e     14.1. Introduction \u003cbr\u003e     14.2. Nuclear Groups of the Thalamus \u003cbr\u003e     14.2.1. Anterior Nuclei and the Lateral Dorsal Nucleus \u003cbr\u003e          14.2.2. Intralaminar Nuclei \u003cbr\u003e          14.2.3. Medial Nuclei \u003cbr\u003e          14.2.4. Median Nuclei \u003cbr\u003e          14.2.5. Metathalamic Body and Nuclei \u003cbr\u003e          14.2.6. Posterior Nuclear Complex \u003cbr\u003e          14.2.7. Pulvinar Nuclei and Lateral Posterior Nucleus \u003cbr\u003e          14.2.8. Reticular Nucleus\u003cbr\u003e          14.2.9. Ventral Nuclei \u003cbr\u003e     14.3. Injuries to the Thalamus\u003cbr\u003e     14.4. Mapping the Human Thalamus \u003cbr\u003e     14.5. Stimulation of the Human Thalamus \u003cbr\u003e     14.6. The Thalamus as a Neurosurgical Target\u003cbr\u003e     Further Reading \u003cbr\u003eChapter 15: The Motor System: Part 1 – Lower Motoneurons and the Pyramidal System \u003cbr\u003e     15.1. Regions Involved in Motor Activity\u003cbr\u003e     15.2. Lower Motoneurons \u003cbr\u003e          15.2.1. Terms Related to Motor Activity \u003cbr\u003e          15.2.2. Lower Motoneurons in the Spinal Cord \u003cbr\u003e          15.2.3. Activation of Motoneurons \u003cbr\u003e          15.2.4. Lower Motoneurons in the Brain Stem \u003cbr\u003e          15.2.5. Injury to Lower Motoneurons \u003cbr\u003e          15.2.6. Examples of Lower Motoneuron Disorders\u003cbr\u003e     15.3. Pyramidal System \u003cbr\u003e          15.3.1. Corticospinal Component \u003cbr\u003e          15.3.2. Corticobulbar Component \u003cbr\u003e          15.3.3. Clinical Neuroanatomical Correlation\u003cbr\u003e          Further Reading \u003cbr\u003e Chapter 16: The Motor System: Part 2 – The Extrapyramidal System and Cerebellum \u003cbr\u003e     16.1. Extrapyramidal System \u003cbr\u003e          16.1.1. Extrapyramidal Motor Cortex\u003cbr\u003e          16.1.2. Basal Nuclei \u003cbr\u003e          16.1.3. Afferents to the Basal Nuclei \u003cbr\u003e          16.1.4. Cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamocortical Circuits \u003cbr\u003e          16.1.5. Multisynaptic Descending Paths \u003cbr\u003e          16.1.6. Common Discharge Paths \u003cbr\u003e          16.1.7. Somatotopic Organization of the Basal Nuclei \u003cbr\u003e     16.2. Cerebellum \u003cbr\u003e          16.2.1. External Features of the Cerebellum \u003cbr\u003e          16.2.2. Cerebellar Cortex \u003cbr\u003e          16.2.3. Deep Cerebellar Nuclei \u003cbr\u003e          16.2.4. Cerebellar White Matter \u003cbr\u003e     16.3. Input to the Cerebellum through the Peduncles\u003cbr\u003e          16.3.1. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle \u003cbr\u003e          16.3.2. Middle Cerebellar Peduncle \u003cbr\u003e          16.3.3. Superior Cerebellar Peduncle \u003cbr\u003e     6.4. Input to the Cerebellum \u003cbr\u003e          16.4.1. Incoming Fibers to the Cerebellum \u003cbr\u003e     16.5. Cerebellar Output \u003cbr\u003e          16.5.1. Output from the Fastigial Nuclei \u003cbr\u003e          16.5.2. Output from the Globose and Emboliform Nuclei \u003cbr\u003e          16.5.3. Output from the Dentate Nuclei \u003cbr\u003e     16.6. Cerebellar Circuitry \u003cbr\u003e     16.7. Common Discharge Paths \u003cbr\u003e     16.8. Cerebellar Functions \u003cbr\u003e          16.8.1. Motor Functions of the Cerebellum \u003cbr\u003e          16.8.2. Nonmotor Functions of the Cerebellum \u003cbr\u003e          16.8.3. Studies Involving the Human Cerebellum \u003cbr\u003e          16.8.4. Localization in the Cerebellum \u003cbr\u003e     16.9. Manifestations of Injuries to the Motor System \u003cbr\u003e          16.9.1. Injury to the Premotor Cortex \u003cbr\u003e          16.9.2. Injuries to the Basal Nuclei \u003cbr\u003e          16.9.3. Injury to the Subthalamic Nucleus \u003cbr\u003e          16.9.4. Injury to the Cerebellum \u003cbr\u003e          16.9.5. Localization of Cerebellar Damage \u003cbr\u003e     16.10. Decorticate Versus Decerebrate Rigidity \u003cbr\u003e     16.10.1. Decerebrate Rigidity \u003cbr\u003e     16.10.2. Decorticate Rigidity \u003cbr\u003e     16.11. Epilogue \u003cbr\u003e     Further Reading \u003cbr\u003eChapter 17: The Olfactory and Gustatory Systems \u003cbr\u003e     17.1. The Olfactory System \u003cbr\u003e          17.1.1. Receptors \u003cbr\u003e          17.1.2. Primary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          17.1.3. Olfactory Fila and the Olfactory Nerve\u003cbr\u003e          17.1.4. Olfactory Bulb – Secondary Olfactory Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          17.1.5. Olfactory Stalk \u003cbr\u003e          17.1.6. Medial Stria \u003cbr\u003e          17.1.7. Lateral Stria \u003cbr\u003e          17.1.8. Thalamic Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          17.1.9. Cortical Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          17.1.10. Efferent Olfactory Connections \u003cbr\u003e          17.1.11. Injuries to the Olfactory System \u003cbr\u003e     17.2. The Gustatory System \u003cbr\u003e          17.2.1. Receptors \u003cbr\u003e          17.2.2. Primary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          17.2.3. Secondary Neurons \u003cbr\u003e          17.2.4. The Ascending Gustatory Path \u003cbr\u003e          17.2.5. Thalamic Neurons\u003cbr\u003e          17.2.6. Cortical Neurons\u003cbr\u003e          17.2.7. Injuries to the Gustatory System \u003cbr\u003e          Further Reading\u003cbr\u003eChapter 18: The Limbic System \u003cbr\u003e     18.1. Historical Aspects \u003cbr\u003e     18.2. Anatomy of the Limbic System \u003cbr\u003e          18.2.1. Olfactory System\u003cbr\u003e          18.2.2. Septal Area \u003cbr\u003e          18.2.3. Mamillary Bodies of the Hypothalamus \u003cbr\u003e          18.2.4. Anterior Nuclei of the Thalamus \u003cbr\u003e          18.2.5. The Hippocampal Formation \u003cbr\u003e          18.2.6. The Amygdaloid Body \u003cbr\u003e          18.2.7. Cingulate Gyrus and Cingulum \u003cbr\u003e          18.2.8. Cortical Areas \u003cbr\u003e     18.3. Cyclic Paths of the Limbic System \u003cbr\u003e     18.4. Synaptic Organization of Human Limbic System \u003cbr\u003e     18.5. Descending Limbic Paths \u003cbr\u003e     18.6. Functional Aspects of the Human Limbic System \u003cbr\u003e          18.6.1. Emotion \u003cbr\u003e          18.6.2. Memory \u003cbr\u003e     18.7. Limbic System Disorders \u003cbr\u003e     18.8. Injuries to Limbic Constituents \u003cbr\u003e          18.8.1. Septal Area \u003cbr\u003e          18.8.2. Hippocampal Formation \u003cbr\u003e          18.8.3. Amygdaloid Body \u003cbr\u003e          18.8.4. Seizures Involving the Limbic System \u003cbr\u003e     18.9. Psychosurgery of the Limbic System \u003cbr\u003e          18.9.1. Drug Resistant Epilepsy \u003cbr\u003e          18.9.2. Violent, Aggressive, or Restless Behaviors \u003cbr\u003e          18.9.3. Schizophrenia \u003cbr\u003e          18.9.4. Intractable Pain \u003cbr\u003e          18.9.5. Psychiatric Disorders and Abnormal Behavior \u003cbr\u003e          Further Reading \u003cbr\u003eChapter 19: The Hypothalamus \u003cbr\u003e     19.1. Hypothalamic Regions \u003cbr\u003e     19.2. Hypothalamic Zones \u003cbr\u003e     19.3. Hypothalamic Nuclei\u003cbr\u003e          19.3.1. Anterior Hypothalamic Region \u003cbr\u003e          19.3.2. Dorsal Hypothalamic Region \u003cbr\u003e          19.3.3. Intermediate Hypothalamic Region \u003cbr\u003e          19.3.4. Lateral Hypothalamic Area \u003cbr\u003e          19.3.5. Posterior Hypothalamic Region \u003cbr\u003e          19.3.6. Posterior Nucleus of the Hypothalamus \u003cbr\u003e     19.4. Fiber Connections \u003cbr\u003e          19.4.1. Medial Forebrain Bundle \u003cbr\u003e          19.4.2. Stria Terminalis\u003cbr\u003e          19.4.3. Fornix \u003cbr\u003e          19.4.4. Diencephalic Periventricular System (DPS) \u003cbr\u003e          19.4.5. Dorsal Longitudinal Fasciculus\u003cbr\u003e          19.4.6. Anterior and Posterior Hypothalamotegmental Tracts 3\u003cbr\u003e          19.4.7. Pallidohypothalamic Tract \u003cbr\u003e          19.4.8. Mamillothalamic Tract \u003cbr\u003e          19.4.9. Hypothalamo-hypophyseal Tract \u003cbr\u003e          19.4.10. Vascular Connections\u003cbr\u003e     19.5. Functions of the Hypothalamus \u003cbr\u003e          19.5.1. Water Balance – Water Intake  and Loss \u003cbr\u003e          19.5.2. Eating – Food Intake \u003cbr\u003e          19.5.3. Temperature Regulation \u003cbr\u003e          19.5.4. Autonomic Regulation \u003cbr\u003e          19.5.5. Emotional Expression \u003cbr\u003e          19.5.6. Wakefulness and Sleep (Biological Rhythms) \u003cbr\u003e          19.5.7. Control of the Endocrine System \u003cbr\u003e          19.5.8. Reproduction \u003cbr\u003e     Further Reading \u003cbr\u003eChapter 20: The Autonomic Nervous System \u003cbr\u003e     20.1 Historical Aspects \u003cbr\u003e     20.2. Structural Aspects \u003cbr\u003e          20.2.1. Location of Autonomic Neurons of Origin \u003cbr\u003e          20.2.2. Manner of Distribution of Autonomic Fibers \u003cbr\u003e          20.2.3. Termination of Autonomic Fibers \u003cbr\u003e     20.3. Comparison of the Somatic Efferents and Visceral Efferents \u003cbr\u003e     20.4. General Visceral Afferents \u003cbr\u003e     20.5. Regulation of the Autonomic Nervous System \u003cbr\u003e     20.6. Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System \u003cbr\u003e     Further Reading \u003cbr\u003eChapter 21: General Features of the Cerebral Hemispheres \u003cbr\u003e     21.1. Facts and Figures \u003cbr\u003e     21.2. Cortical Neurons \u003cbr\u003e     21.3. Cortical Layers \u003cbr\u003e     21.4. Cortical Columns (Microarchitecture)\u003cbr\u003e     21.5. Functional Aspects of the Cerebral Cortex \u003cbr\u003e     21.6. Cerebral Dominance, Lateralization, and Asymmetry \u003cbr\u003e     21.7. Frontal Lobe \u003cbr\u003e          21.7.1. Primary Motor Cortex \u003cbr\u003e          21.7.2. Premotor Cortex \u003cbr\u003e          21.7.3. Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) \u003cbr\u003e          21.7.4. Cingulate Motor Areas \u003cbr\u003e          21.7.5. Frontal Eye Fields \u003cbr\u003e          21.7.6. Motor Speech Region \u003cbr\u003e          21.7.7. Prefrontal Cortex \u003cbr\u003e     21.8. Parietal Lobe \u003cbr\u003e          21.8.1. Primary Somatosensory Cortex (SI) \u003cbr\u003e          21.8.2. Secondary Somatosensory Cortex \u003cbr\u003e          21.8.3. Superior Parietal Lobule \u003cbr\u003e          21.8.4. Inferior Parietal Lobule: Language Areas \u003cbr\u003e          21.8.5. Primary Vestibular Cortex (2v) \u003cbr\u003e          21.8.6. Mirror Representation of Others’ Actions \u003cbr\u003e          21.8.7. Preoccipital Areas Involved in Following Ocular Movements \u003cbr\u003e     21.9. Occipital Lobe \u003cbr\u003e          21.9.1. Primary Visual Cortex (V1) \u003cbr\u003e          21.9.2. Secondary Visual Cortex \u003cbr\u003e     21.10. Temporal Lobe \u003cbr\u003e          21.10.1. Primary Auditory Cortex (AI) \u003cbr\u003e          21.10.2. Wernicke’s Region \u003cbr\u003e          21.10.3. Temporal Vestibular Cortex \u003cbr\u003e          21.10.4. Midtemporal Areas Related to Memory \u003cbr\u003e          21.10.5. Anomia \u003cbr\u003e          21.10.6. Prosopagnosia \u003cbr\u003e          21.10.7. Psychomotor Seizures \u003cbr\u003e     21.11. Insular Lobe \u003cbr\u003e     21.12. Aphasia \u003cbr\u003e          21.12.1. Historic Aspects of Aphasia \u003cbr\u003e          21.12.2. Broca’s Aphasia \u003cbr\u003e          21.12.3. Wernicke’s Aphasia \u003cbr\u003e          21.12.4. Conductive Aphasia \u003cbr\u003e          21.12.5. Global Aphasia \u003cbr\u003e     21.13. Alexia\u003cbr\u003e     21.14. Apraxia \u003cbr\u003e     21.15. Gerstmann’s Syndrome \u003cbr\u003e     21.16. Agnosia \u003cbr\u003e     21.17. Dyslexia \u003cbr\u003e     Further Reading \u003cbr\u003eChapter 22: Blood Supply to the Central Nervous System \u003cbr\u003e     22.1. Cerebral Circulation \u003cbr\u003e     22.2. Aortic Arch, Brachiocephalic Trunk, and Subclavian Vessels \u003cbr\u003e     22.3. Vertebral-Basilar Arterial System \u003cbr\u003e          22.3.1. Branches of the Vertebral Arteries \u003cbr\u003e     22.4. Blood Supply to the Spinal Cord \u003cbr\u003e          22.4.1. Extramedullary Vessels \u003cbr\u003e          22.4.2. Intramedullary Vessels \u003cbr\u003e          22.4.3. Spinal Veins \u003cbr\u003e     22.5. Blood Supply to the Brain Stem and Cerebellum \u003cbr\u003e          22.5.1. Extrinsic or Superficial Branches \u003cbr\u003e          22.5.2. Branches of the Basilar Arteries \u003cbr\u003e          22.5.3. Intrinsic or Penetrating Branches \u003cbr\u003e          22.5.4. Classical Brain Stem Syndromes \u003cbr\u003e     22.6. Common Carotid Artery \u003cbr\u003e          22.6.1. External Carotid Artery \u003cbr\u003e          22.6.2. Internal Carotid Artery: Cervical, Petrous, and Cavernous Parts \u003cbr\u003e     22.7. Blood Supply to the Cerebral Hemispheres \u003cbr\u003e          22.7.1. Internal Carotid Artery: Cerebral Part \u003cbr\u003e          22.7.2. Branches of the Internal Carotid Artery \u003cbr\u003e          22.7.3. Posterior Cerebral Artery and its Cerebral Supply \u003cbr\u003e     22.8. Cerebral Arterial Circle \u003cbr\u003e          22.8.1. Types of Arteries Supplying the Brain \u003cbr\u003e     22.9. Embryological Considerations \u003cbr\u003e     22.10. Vascular Injuries \u003cbr\u003e          22.10.1. Brain Stem Vascular Injuries \u003cbr\u003e          22.10.2. Visualization of Brain Vessels \u003cbr\u003e          Further Reading393\u003cbr\u003eChapter 23: The Meninges, Ventricular System and Cerebrospinal Fluid \u003cbr\u003e     23.1. The Cranial Meninges and Related Spaces \u003cbr\u003e          23.1.1. Cranial Dura Mater \u003cbr\u003e          23.1.2. Cranial Arachnoid \u003cbr\u003e          23.1.3. Cranial Pia Mater \u003cbr\u003e          23.1.4. Dural Projections \u003cbr\u003e          23.1.5. Intracranial Herniations \u003cbr\u003e     23.2. Ventricular System \u003cbr\u003e          23.2.1. Introduction \u003cbr\u003e          23.2.2. Lateral Ventricles \u003cbr\u003e          23.2.3. Third Ventricle \u003cbr\u003e          23.2.4. Aqueduct of Midbrain \u003cbr\u003e          23.2.5. Fourth Ventricle \u003cbr\u003e     23.3. Cerebrospinal Fluid \u003cbr\u003e     Further Reading \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003eIndex \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Neurosciences [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Neurosciences\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Neurosciences%20%5BPSAN%5D%22\"\u003ePSAN\u003c\/a\u003e], Neurology \u0026amp; clinical neurophysiology [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Neurology \u0026amp; clinical neurophysiology\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Neurology%20\u0026amp;%20clinical%20neurophysiology%20%5BMJN%5D%22\"\u003eMJN\u003c\/a\u003e], Regional anatomy [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Regional anatomy\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Regional%20anatomy%20%5BMFCR%5D%22\"\u003eMFCR\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Academic Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46649177800984,"sku":"9780120682515","price":67.65,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/products\/9780120682515.jpg?v=1695006585"}],"url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/collections\/regional-anatomy.oembed","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}